Bitext Alignment

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Bitext Alignment

Jörg Tiedemann
Bitext Alignment Book PDF

Author : Jörg Tiedemann
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031021428

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Bitext Alignment by Jörg Tiedemann Pdf

This book provides an overview of various techniques for the alignment of bitexts. It describes general concepts and strategies that can be applied to map corresponding parts in parallel documents on various levels of granularity. Bitexts are valuable linguistic resources for many different research fields and practical applications. The most predominant application is machine translation, in particular, statistical machine translation. However, there are various other threads that can be followed which may be supported by the rich linguistic knowledge implicitly stored in parallel resources. Bitexts have been explored in lexicography, word sense disambiguation, terminology extraction, computer-aided language learning and translation studies to name just a few. The book covers the essential tasks that have to be carried out when building parallel corpora starting from the collection of translated documents up to sub-sentential alignments. In particular, it describes various approaches to document alignment, sentence alignment, word alignment and tree structure alignment. It also includes a list of resources and a comprehensive review of the literature on alignment techniques. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Concepts and Terminology / Building Parallel Corpora / Sentence Alignment / Word Alignment / Phrase and Tree Alignment / Concluding Remarks

Bitext Alignment

Jörg Tiedemann
Bitext Alignment Book PDF

Author : Jörg Tiedemann
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781608455102

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Bitext Alignment by Jörg Tiedemann Pdf

This book provides an overview of various techniques for the alignment of bitexts. It describes general concepts and strategies that can be applied to map corresponding parts in parallel documents on various levels of granularity. Bitexts are valuable linguistic resources for many different research fields and practical applications. The most predominant application is machine translation, in particular, statistical machine translation. However, there are various other threads that can be followed which may be supported by the rich linguistic knowledge implicitly stored in parallel resources. Bitexts have been explored in lexicography, word sense disambiguation, terminology extraction, computer-aided language learning and translation studies to name just a few. The book covers the essential tasks that have to be carried out when building parallel corpora starting from the collection of translated documents up to sub-sentential alignments. In particular, it describes various approaches to document alignment, sentence alignment, word alignment and tree structure alignment. It also includes a list of resources and a comprehensive review of the literature on alignment techniques. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Concepts and Terminology / Building Parallel Corpora / Sentence Alignment / Word Alignment / Phrase and Tree Alignment / Concluding Remarks

Parallel Text Processing

Jean Véronis
Parallel Text Processing Book PDF

Author : Jean Véronis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789401725354

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Parallel Text Processing by Jean Véronis Pdf

l This book evolved from the ARCADE evaluation exercise that started in 1995. The project's goal is to evaluate alignment systems for parallel texts, i. e. , texts accompanied by their translation. Thirteen teams from various places around the world have participated so far and for the first time, some ten to fifteen years after the first alignment techniques were designed, the community has been able to get a clear picture of the behaviour of alignment systems. Several chapters in this book describe the details of competing systems, and the last chapter is devoted to the description of the evaluation protocol and results. The remaining chapters were especially commissioned from researchers who have been major figures in the field in recent years, in an attempt to address a wide range of topics that describe the state of the art in parallel text processing and use. As I recalled in the introduction, the Rosetta stone won eternal fame as the prototype of parallel texts, but such texts are probably almost as old as the invention of writing. Nowadays, parallel texts are electronic, and they are be coming an increasingly important resource for building the natural language processing tools needed in the "multilingual information society" that is cur rently emerging at an incredible speed. Applications are numerous, and they are expanding every day: multilingual lexicography and terminology, machine and human translation, cross-language information retrieval, language learning, etc.

Handbook of Natural Language Processing

Robert Dale,Hermann Moisl,Harold Somers
Handbook of Natural Language Processing Book PDF

Author : Robert Dale,Hermann Moisl,Harold Somers
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 974 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2000-07-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0824790006

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Handbook of Natural Language Processing by Robert Dale,Hermann Moisl,Harold Somers Pdf

This study explores the design and application of natural language text-based processing systems, based on generative linguistics, empirical copus analysis, and artificial neural networks. It emphasizes the practical tools to accommodate the selected system.

Empirical Methods for Exploiting Parallel Texts

I. Dan Melamed
Empirical Methods for Exploiting Parallel Texts Book PDF

Author : I. Dan Melamed
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262133806

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Empirical Methods for Exploiting Parallel Texts by I. Dan Melamed Pdf

This book lays out the theory and the practical techniques for discovering and applying translational equivalence at the lexical level. Parallel texts (bitexts) are a goldmine of linguistic knowledge, because the translation of a text into another language can be viewed as a detailed annotation of what that text means. Knowledge about translational equivalence, which can be gleaned from bitexts, is of central importance for applications such as manual and machine translation, cross-language information retrieval, and corpus linguistics. The availability of bitexts has increased dramatically since the advent of the Web, making their study an exciting new area of research in natural language processing. This book lays out the theory and the practical techniques for discovering and applying translational equivalence at the lexical level. It is a start-to-finish guide to designing and evaluating many translingual applications.

Handbook of Natural Language Processing

Nitin Indurkhya,Fred J. Damerau
Handbook of Natural Language Processing Book PDF

Author : Nitin Indurkhya,Fred J. Damerau
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 704 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010-02-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781420085938

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Handbook of Natural Language Processing by Nitin Indurkhya,Fred J. Damerau Pdf

The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along with removing outdated material, this edition updates every chapter and expands the content to include emerging areas, such as sentiment analysis.New to the Second EditionGreater

Advances in Multimodal Interfaces - ICMI 2000

Tieniu Tan,Yuanchun Shi,Wen Gao
Advances in Multimodal Interfaces ICMI 2000 Book PDF

Author : Tieniu Tan,Yuanchun Shi,Wen Gao
Publisher : Springer
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2003-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540400639

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Advances in Multimodal Interfaces - ICMI 2000 by Tieniu Tan,Yuanchun Shi,Wen Gao Pdf

Multimodal Interfaces represents an emerging interdisciplinary research direction and has become one of the frontiers in Computer Science. Multimodal interfaces aim at efficient, convenient and natural interaction and communication between computers (in their broadest sense) and human users. They will ultimately enable users to interact with computers using their everyday skills. These proceedings include the papers accepted for presentation at the Third International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI 2000) held in Beijing, China on 1416 O ctober 2000. The papers were selected from 172 contributions submitted worldwide. Each paper was allocated for review to three members of the Program Committee, which consisted of more than 40 leading researchers in the field. Final decisions of 38 oral papers and 48 poster papers were made based on the reviewers’ comments and the desire for a balance of topics. The decision to have a single track conference led to a competitive selection process and it is very likely that some good submissions are not included in this volume. The papers collected here cover a wide range of topics such as affective and perceptual computing, interfaces for wearable and mobile computing, gestures and sign languages, face and facial expression analysis, multilingual interfaces, virtual and augmented reality, speech and handwriting, multimodal integration and application systems. They represent some of the latest progress in multimodal interfaces research.

Discriminative Alignment Models For Statistical Machine Translation

Nadi Tomeh
Discriminative Alignment Models For Statistical Machine Translation Book PDF

Author : Nadi Tomeh
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:819202837

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Discriminative Alignment Models For Statistical Machine Translation by Nadi Tomeh Pdf

Bitext alignment is the task of aligning a text in a source language and its translation in the target language. Aligning amounts to finding the translational correspondences between textual units at different levels of granularity. Many practical natural language processing applications rely on bitext alignments to access the rich linguistic knowledge present in a bitext. While the most predominant application for bitexts is statistical machine translation, they are also used in multilingual (and monolingual) lexicography, word sense disambiguation, terminology extraction, computer-aided language learning andtranslation studies, to name a few.Bitext alignment is an arduous task because meaning is not expressed seemingly across languages. It varies along linguistic properties and cultural backgrounds of different languages, and also depends on the translation strategy that have been used to produce the bitext.Current practices in bitext alignment model the alignment as a hidden variable in the translation process. In order to reduce the complexity of the task, such approaches suppose that a word in the source sentence is aligned to one word at most in the target sentence.However, this over-simplistic assumption results in asymmetric, one-to-many alignments, whereas alignments are typically symmetric and many-to-many.To achieve symmetry, two one-to-many alignments in opposite translation directions are built and combined using a heuristic.In order to use these word alignments in phrase-based translation systems which use phrases instead of words, a heuristic is used to extract phrase pairs that are consistent with the word alignment.In this dissertation we address both the problems of word alignment and phrase pairs extraction.We improve the state of the art in several ways using discriminative learning techniques.We present a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) framework for word alignment.In this framework, links are predicted independently from one another using a MaxEnt classifier.The interaction between alignment decisions is approximated using stackingtechniques, which allows us to account for a part of the structural dependencies without increasing the complexity. This formulation can be seen as an alignment combination method,in which the union of several input alignments is used to guide the output alignment. Additionally, input alignments are used to compute a rich set of feature functions.Our MaxEnt aligner obtains state of the art results in terms of alignment quality as measured by thealignment error rate, and translation quality as measured by BLEU on large-scale Arabic-English NIST'09 systems.We also present a translation quality informed procedure for both extraction and evaluation of phrase pairs. We reformulate the problem in the supervised framework in which we decide for each phrase pair whether we keep it or not in the translation model. This offers a principled way to combine several features to make the procedure more robust to alignment difficulties. We use a simple and effective method, based on oracle decoding,to annotate phrase pairs that are useful for translation. Using machine learning techniques based on positive examples only,these annotations can be used to learn phrase alignment decisions. Using this approach we obtain improvements in BLEU scores for recall-oriented translation models, which are suitable for small training corpora.

Intercultural Collaboration

Toru Ishida,Susan R. Fussell,Piek T. J. M. Vossen
Intercultural Collaboration Book PDF

Author : Toru Ishida,Susan R. Fussell,Piek T. J. M. Vossen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007-08-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540740001

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Intercultural Collaboration by Toru Ishida,Susan R. Fussell,Piek T. J. M. Vossen Pdf

This book presents 29 revised invited and selected lectures given by top-researchers at the First International Workshop on Intercultural Collaboration, IWIC 2007, held in Kyoto, Japan. This state-of-the-art survey increases mutual understanding in our multicultural world by featuring collaboration support, social psychological analyses of intercultural interaction, and case studies from field workers.

Information Retrieval Technology

Mohamed Vall Mohamed Salem,Khaled Shaalan,Farhad Oroumchian,Azadeh Shakery,Halim Khelalfa
Information Retrieval Technology Book PDF

Author : Mohamed Vall Mohamed Salem,Khaled Shaalan,Farhad Oroumchian,Azadeh Shakery,Halim Khelalfa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-12-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642256301

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Information Retrieval Technology by Mohamed Vall Mohamed Salem,Khaled Shaalan,Farhad Oroumchian,Azadeh Shakery,Halim Khelalfa Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference AIRS 2011, held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in December 2011. The 31 revised full papers and 25 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 132 submissions. All current aspects of information retrieval - in theory and practice - are addressed; the papers are organized in topical sections on information retrieval models and theories; information retrieval applications and multimedia information retrieval; user study, information retrieval evaluation and interactive information retrieval; Web information retrieval, scalability and adversarial information retrieval; machine learning for information retrieval; natural language processing for information retrieval; arabic script text processing and retrieval.

Text, Speech and Dialogue

Petr Sojka,Ivan Kopecek,Karel Pala
Text Speech and Dialogue Book PDF

Author : Petr Sojka,Ivan Kopecek,Karel Pala
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 653 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2004-08-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540230496

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Text, Speech and Dialogue by Petr Sojka,Ivan Kopecek,Karel Pala Pdf

This volume contains the Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, held in Brno, Czech Republic, in September 2004, under the auspices of the Masaryk University. This series of international conferences on text, speech and dialogue has come to c- stitute a major forum for presentation and discussion, not only of the latest developments in academic research in these ?elds, but also of practical and industrial applications. Uniquely, these conferences bring together researchers from a very wide area, both intellectually and geographically, including scientists working in speech technology, dialogue systems, text processing, lexicography, and other related ?elds. In recent years the conference has dev- oped into aprimary meetingplacefor speech and languagetechnologistsfrom manydifferent parts of the world and in particular it has enabled important and fruitful exchanges of ideas between Western and Eastern Europe. TSD 2004 offered a rich program of invited talks, tutorials, technical papers and poster sessions, aswellasworkshops andsystemdemonstrations. Atotalof78paperswereaccepted out of 127 submitted, contributed altogether by 190 authors from 26 countries. Our thanks as usual go to the Program Committee members and to the external reviewers for their conscientious and diligent assessment of submissions, and to the authors themselves for their high-quality contributions. We would also like to take this opportunity to express our appreciation to all the members of the Organizing Committee for their tireless efforts in organizing the conference and ensuring its smooth running.

String Processing and Information Retrieval

Jorma Tarhio
String Processing and Information Retrieval Book PDF

Author : Jorma Tarhio
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642037832

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String Processing and Information Retrieval by Jorma Tarhio Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval, SPIRE 2011, held in Pisa, Italy, in October 2011. The 30 long and 10 short papers together with 1 keynote presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. The papers are structured in topical sections on introduction to web retrieval, sequence learning, computational geography, space-efficient data structures, algorithmic analysis of biological data, compression, text and algorithms.

Machine Learning Techniques for Text

Nikos Tsourakis
Machine Learning Techniques for Text Book PDF

Author : Nikos Tsourakis
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781803236292

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Machine Learning Techniques for Text by Nikos Tsourakis Pdf

Take your Python text processing skills to another level by learning about the latest natural language processing and machine learning techniques with this full color guide Key FeaturesLearn how to acquire and process textual data and visualize the key findingsObtain deeper insight into the most commonly used algorithms and techniques and understand their tradeoffsImplement models for solving real-world problems and evaluate their performanceBook Description With the ever-increasing demand for machine learning and programming professionals, it's prime time to invest in the field. This book will help you in this endeavor, focusing specifically on text data and human language by steering a middle path among the various textbooks that present complicated theoretical concepts or focus disproportionately on Python code. A good metaphor this work builds upon is the relationship between an experienced craftsperson and their trainee. Based on the current problem, the former picks a tool from the toolbox, explains its utility, and puts it into action. This approach will help you to identify at least one practical use for each method or technique presented. The content unfolds in ten chapters, each discussing one specific case study. For this reason, the book is solution-oriented. It's accompanied by Python code in the form of Jupyter notebooks to help you obtain hands-on experience. A recurring pattern in the chapters of this book is helping you get some intuition on the data and then implement and contrast various solutions. By the end of this book, you'll be able to understand and apply various techniques with Python for text preprocessing, text representation, dimensionality reduction, machine learning, language modeling, visualization, and evaluation. What you will learnUnderstand fundamental concepts of machine learning for textDiscover how text data can be represented and build language modelsPerform exploratory data analysis on text corporaUse text preprocessing techniques and understand their trade-offsApply dimensionality reduction for visualization and classificationIncorporate and fine-tune algorithms and models for machine learningEvaluate the performance of the implemented systemsKnow the tools for retrieving text data and visualizing the machine learning workflowWho this book is for This book is for professionals in the area of computer science, programming, data science, informatics, business analytics, statistics, language technology, and more who aim for a gentle career shift in machine learning for text. Students in relevant disciplines that seek a textbook in the field will benefit from the practical aspects of the content and how the theory is presented. Finally, professors teaching a similar course will be able to pick pertinent topics in terms of content and difficulty. Beginner-level knowledge of Python programming is needed to get started with this book.

Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences

Lars Borin,Anju Saxena
Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences Book PDF

Author : Lars Borin,Anju Saxena
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110305258

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Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences by Lars Borin,Anju Saxena Pdf

The present volume collects contributions addressing different aspects of the measurement of linguistic differences, a topic which probably is as old as language itself butat the same timehas acquired renewed interest over the last decade or so, reflecting a rapid development of data-intensive computing in all fields of research, including linguistics.

Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology

Sin-Wai Chan
Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology Book PDF

Author : Sin-Wai Chan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 718 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781317608158

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Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology by Sin-Wai Chan Pdf

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology provides a state-of-the art survey of the field of computer-assisted translation. It is the first definitive reference to provide a comprehensive overview of the general, regional and topical aspects of this increasingly significant area of study. The Encyclopedia is divided into three parts: Part One presents general issues in translation technology, such as its history and development, translator training and various aspects of machine translation, including a valuable case study of its teaching at a major university; Part Two discusses national and regional developments in translation technology, offering contributions covering the crucial territories of China, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Japan, South Africa, Taiwan, the Netherlands and Belgium, the United Kingdom and the United States Part Three evaluates specific matters in translation technology, with entries focused on subjects such as alignment, bitext, computational lexicography, corpus, editing, online translation, subtitling and technology and translation management systems. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology draws on the expertise of over fifty contributors from around the world and an international panel of consultant editors to provide a selection of articles on the most pertinent topics in the discipline. All the articles are self-contained, extensively cross-referenced, and include useful and up-to-date references and information for further reading. It will be an invaluable reference work for anyone with a professional or academic interest in the subject.