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Bootstrapping Trust in Modern Computers by Bryan Parno,Jonathan M. McCune,Adrian Perrig Pdf
Trusting a computer for a security-sensitive task (such as checking email or banking online) requires the user to know something about the computer's state. We examine research on securely capturing a computer's state, and consider the utility of this information both for improving security on the local computer (e.g., to convince the user that her computer is not infected with malware) and for communicating a remote computer's state (e.g., to enable the user to check that a web server will adequately protect her data). Although the recent "Trusted Computing" initiative has drawn both positive and negative attention to this area, we consider the older and broader topic of bootstrapping trust in a computer. We cover issues ranging from the wide collection of secure hardware that can serve as a foundation for trust, to the usability issues that arise when trying to convey computer state information to humans. This approach unifies disparate research efforts and highlights opportunities for additional work that can guide real-world improvements in computer security.
Trust Extension as a Mechanism for Secure Code Execution on Commodity Computers by Bryan Jeffrey Parno Pdf
As society rushes to digitize sensitive information and services, it is imperative to adopt adequate security protections. However, such protections fundamentally conflict with the benefits we expect from commodity computers. In other words, consumers and businesses value commodity computers because they provide good performance and an abundance of features at relatively low costs. Meanwhile, attempts to build secure systems from the ground up typically abandon such goals, and hence are seldom adopted. In this book, I argue that we can resolve the tension between security and features by leveraging the trust a user has in one device to enable her to securely use another commodity device or service, without sacrificing the performance and features expected of commodity systems. At a high level, we support this premise by developing techniques to allow a user to employ a small, trusted, portable device to securely learn what code is executing on her local computer. Rather than entrusting her data to the mountain of buggy code likely running on her computer, we construct an on-demand secure execution environment which can perform security-sensitive tasks and handle private data in complete isolation from all other software (and most hardware) on the system. Meanwhile, non-security-sensitive software retains the same abundance of features and performance it enjoys today. Having established an environment for secure code execution on an individual computer, we then show how to extend trust in this environment to network elements in a secure and efficient manner. This allows us to reexamine the design of network protocols and defenses, since we can now execute code on endhosts and trust the results within the network. Lastly, we extend the user's trust one more step to encompass computations performed on a remote host (e.g., in the cloud). We design, analyze, and prove secure a protocol that allows a user to outsource arbitrary computations to commodity computers run by an untrusted remote party (or parties) who may subject the computers to both software and hardware attacks. Our protocol guarantees that the user can both verify that the results returned are indeed the correct results of the specified computations on the inputs provided, and protect the secrecy of both the inputs and outputs of the computations. These guarantees are provided in a non-interactive, asymptotically optimal (with respect to CPU and bandwidth) manner. Thus, extending a user's trust, via software, hardware, and cryptographic techniques, allows us to provide strong security protections for both local and remote computations on sensitive data, while still preserving the performance and features of commodity computers.
Trust Extension as a Mechanism for Secure Code Execution on Commodity Computers by Bryan Jeffrey Parno Pdf
As society rushes to digitize sensitive information and services, it is imperative to adopt adequate security protections. However, such protections fundamentally conflict with the benefits we expect from commodity computers. In other words, consumers and businesses value commodity computers because they provide good performance and an abundance of features at relatively low costs. Meanwhile, attempts to build secure systems from the ground up typically abandon such goals, and hence are seldom adopted. In this book, I argue that we can resolve the tension between security and features by leveraging the trust a user has in one device to enable her to securely use another commodity device or service, without sacrificing the performance and features expected of commodity systems. At a high level, we support this premise by developing techniques to allow a user to employ a small, trusted, portable device to securely learn what code is executing on her local computer. Rather than entrusting her data to the mountain of buggy code likely running on her computer, we construct an on-demand secure execution environment which can perform security-sensitive tasks and handle private data in complete isolation from all other software (and most hardware) on the system. Meanwhile, non-security-sensitive software retains the same abundance of features and performance it enjoys today. Having established an environment for secure code execution on an individual computer, we then show how to extend trust in this environment to network elements in a secure and efficient manner. This allows us to reexamine the design of network protocols and defenses, since we can now execute code on endhosts and trust the results within the network. Lastly, we extend the user's trust one more step to encompass computations performed on a remote host (e.g., in the cloud). We design, analyze, and prove secure a protocol that allows a user to outsource arbitrary computations to commodity computers run by an untrusted remote party (or parties) who may subject the computers to both software and hardware attacks. Our protocol guarantees that the user can both verify that the results returned are indeed the correct results of the specified computations on the inputs provided, and protect the secrecy of both the inputs and outputs of the computations. These guarantees are provided in a non-interactive, asymptotically optimal (with respect to CPU and bandwidth) manner. Thus, extending a user's trust, via software, hardware, and cryptographic techniques, allows us to provide strong security protections for both local and remote computations on sensitive data, while still preserving the performance and features of commodity computers.
Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud by Mike Bursell Pdf
Learn to analyze and measure risk by exploring the nature of trust and its application to cybersecurity Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud delivers an insightful and practical new take on what it means to trust in the context of computer and network security and the impact on the emerging field of Confidential Computing. Author Mike Bursell’s experience, ranging from Chief Security Architect at Red Hat to CEO at a Confidential Computing start-up grounds the reader in fundamental concepts of trust and related ideas before discussing the more sophisticated applications of these concepts to various areas in computing. The book demonstrates in the importance of understanding and quantifying risk and draws on the social and computer sciences to explain hardware and software security, complex systems, and open source communities. It takes a detailed look at the impact of Confidential Computing on security, trust and risk and also describes the emerging concept of trust domains, which provide an alternative to standard layered security. Foundational definitions of trust from sociology and other social sciences, how they evolved, and what modern concepts of trust mean to computer professionals A comprehensive examination of the importance of systems, from open-source communities to HSMs, TPMs, and Confidential Computing with TEEs. A thorough exploration of trust domains, including explorations of communities of practice, the centralization of control and policies, and monitoring Perfect for security architects at the CISSP level or higher, Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud is also an indispensable addition to the libraries of system architects, security system engineers, and master’s students in software architecture and security.
Applied Cryptography and Network Security by Mark Manulis,Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi,Steve Schneider Pdf
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security, ACNS 2016, held in Guildford, UK. in June 2016. 5. The 35 revised full papers included in this volume and presented together with 2 invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 183 submissions.ACNS is an annual conference focusing on innovative research and current developments that advance the areas of applied cryptography, cyber security and privacy.
Computer Security – ESORICS 2017 by Simon N. Foley,Dieter Gollmann,Einar Snekkenes Pdf
The two-volume set, LNCS 10492 and LNCS 10493 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, ESORICS 2017, held in Oslo, Norway, in September 2017. The 54 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 338 submissions. The papers address issues such as data protection; security protocols; systems; web and network security; privacy; threat modeling and detection; information flow; and security in emerging applications such as cryptocurrencies, the Internet of Things and automotive.
Smart Computing and Informatics by Suresh Chandra Satapathy,Vikrant Bhateja,Swagatam Das Pdf
This volume contains 68 papers presented at SCI 2016: First International Conference on Smart Computing and Informatics. The conference was held during 3-4 March 2017, Visakhapatnam, India and organized communally by ANITS, Visakhapatnam and supported technically by CSI Division V – Education and Research and PRF, Vizag. This volume contains papers mainly focused on smart computing for cloud storage, data mining and software analysis, and image processing.
Security Protocols XXIII by Bruce Christianson,Petr Švenda,Vashek Matyas,James Malcolm,Frank Stajano,Jonathan Anderson Pdf
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Security Protocols, held in Cambridge, UK, in March/April 2015. After an introduction the volume presents 18 revised papers each followed by a revised transcript of the presentation and ensuing discussion at the event. The theme of this year's workshop is "Information Security in Fiction and in Fact".
Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications by N. R. Shetty,N. H. Prasad,N. Nalini Pdf
This proceedings volume covers the proceedings of ERCICA 2015. ERCICA provides an interdisciplinary forum for researchers, professional engineers and scientists, educators, and technologists to discuss, debate and promote research and technology in the upcoming areas of Computing, Information, Communication and their Applications. The contents of this book cover emerging research areas in fields of Computing, Information, Communication and Applications. This will prove useful to both researchers and practicing engineers.
On the Learnability of Physically Unclonable Functions by Fatemeh Ganji Pdf
This book addresses the issue of Machine Learning (ML) attacks on Integrated Circuits through Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). It provides the mathematical proofs of the vulnerability of various PUF families, including Arbiter, XOR Arbiter, ring-oscillator, and bistable ring PUFs, to ML attacks. To achieve this goal, it develops a generic framework for the assessment of these PUFs based on two main approaches. First, with regard to the inherent physical characteristics, it establishes fit-for-purpose mathematical representations of the PUFs mentioned above, which adequately reflect the physical behavior of these primitives. To this end, notions and formalizations that are already familiar to the ML theory world are reintroduced in order to give a better understanding of why, how, and to what extent ML attacks against PUFs can be feasible in practice. Second, the book explores polynomial time ML algorithms, which can learn the PUFs under the appropriate representation. More importantly, in contrast to previous ML approaches, the framework presented here ensures not only the accuracy of the model mimicking the behavior of the PUF, but also the delivery of such a model. Besides off-the-shelf ML algorithms, the book applies a set of algorithms hailing from the field of property testing, which can help to evaluate the security of PUFs. They serve as a “toolbox”, from which PUF designers and manufacturers can choose the indicators most relevant for their requirements. Last but not least, on the basis of learning theory concepts, the book explicitly states that the PUF families cannot be considered as an ultimate solution to the problem of insecure ICs. As such, it provides essential insights into both academic research on and the design and manufacturing of PUFs.
Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems by Tomonobu Senjyu,Parikshit N. Mahalle,Thinagaran Perumal,Amit Joshi Pdf
This book gathers papers addressing state-of-the-art research in all areas of information and communication technologies and their applications in intelligent computing, cloud storage, data mining and software analysis. It presents the outcomes of the Fourth International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems, which was held in Ahmedabad, India. Divided into two volumes, the book discusses the fundamentals of various data analysis techniques and algorithms, making it a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners alike.
Trusted Computing for Embedded Systems by Bernard Candaele,Dimitrios Soudris,Iraklis Anagnostopoulos Pdf
This book describes the state-of-the-art in trusted computing for embedded systems. It shows how a variety of security and trusted computing problems are addressed currently and what solutions are expected to emerge in the coming years. The discussion focuses on attacks aimed at hardware and software for embedded systems, and the authors describe specific solutions to create security features. Case studies are used to present new techniques designed as industrial security solutions. Coverage includes development of tamper resistant hardware and firmware mechanisms for lightweight embedded devices, as well as those serving as security anchors for embedded platforms required by applications such as smart power grids, smart networked and home appliances, environmental and infrastructure sensor networks, etc. · Enables readers to address a variety of security threats to embedded hardware and software; · Describes design of secure wireless sensor networks, to address secure authentication of trusted portable devices for embedded systems; · Presents secure solutions for the design of smart-grid applications and their deployment in large-scale networked and systems.
Socially Enhanced Services Computing by Schahram Dustdar,Daniel Schall,Florian Skopik,Lukasz Juszczyk,Harald Psaier Pdf
Socially enhanced Services Computing deals with a novel and exciting new field at the intersection between Social Computing, Service-oriented Computing, Crowd Computing, and Cloud Computing. The present work presents a collection of selected papers by the editors of this volume, which they feel will help the reader in understanding this field. The approach discussed allows for a seamless integration of people into trusted dynamic compositions of Human-provided Services and Software-based services, thus empowering new interaction models and processes in massive collaboration scenarios in a Future Internet.
Cyber-Vigilance and Digital Trust by Wiem Tounsi Pdf
Cyber threats are ever increasing. Adversaries are getting more sophisticated and cyber criminals are infiltrating companies in a variety of sectors. In today’s landscape, organizations need to acquire and develop effective security tools and mechanisms – not only to keep up with cyber criminals, but also to stay one step ahead. Cyber-Vigilance and Digital Trust develops cyber security disciplines that serve this double objective, dealing with cyber security threats in a unique way. Specifically, the book reviews recent advances in cyber threat intelligence, trust management and risk analysis, and gives a formal and technical approach based on a data tainting mechanism to avoid data leakage in Android systems
Security, Privacy, and Trust in Modern Data Management by Milan Petkovic,Willem Jonker Pdf
The vision of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence describes a world of technology which is present anywhere, anytime in the form of smart, sensible devices that communicate with each other and provide personalized services. However, open interconnected systems are much more vulnerable to attacks and unauthorized data access. In the context of this threat, this book provides a comprehensive guide to security and privacy and trust in data management.
