Botanophilia In Eighteenth Century France

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Botanophilia in Eighteenth-Century France

R.L. Williams
Botanophilia in Eighteenth Century France Book PDF

Author : R.L. Williams
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9789401598491

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Botanophilia in Eighteenth-Century France by R.L. Williams Pdf

The book describes the innovations that enabled botany, in the Eighteenth century, to emerge as an independent science, independent from medicine and herbalism. This encompassed the development of a reliable system for plant classification and the invention of a nomenclature that could be universally applied and understood. The key that enabled Linnaeus to devise his classification system was the discovery of the sexuality of plants. The book, which is intended for the educated general reader, proceeds to illustrate how many aspects of French life were permeated by this revolution in botany between about 1760 to 1815, a botanophilia sometimes inflated into botanomania. The reader should emerge with a clearer understanding of what the Enlightenment actually was in contrast to some popular second-hand ideas today.

French Botany in the Enlightenment

R.L. Williams
French Botany in the Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : R.L. Williams
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401701877

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French Botany in the Enlightenment by R.L. Williams Pdf

This volume completes a trilogy meant to be a commentary on the botanophilia that captured the literate public in 18th-century France. Enthusiastic public support for any governmental initiative likely to expand botanical knowledge was an expression of immense curiosity about the natural world beyond Europe. It amounted to a quest for universal knowledge that could benefit all mankind: useful knowledge that could improve the human condition in this life.

The Cultural Aesthetics of Eighteenth-Century Porcelain

MichaelE. Yonan
The Cultural Aesthetics of Eighteenth Century Porcelain Book PDF

Author : MichaelE. Yonan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781351545198

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The Cultural Aesthetics of Eighteenth-Century Porcelain by MichaelE. Yonan Pdf

During the eighteenth century, porcelain held significant cultural and artistic importance. This collection represents one of the first thorough scholarly attempts to explore the diversity of the medium's cultural meanings. Among the volume's purposes is to expose porcelain objects to the analytical and theoretical rigor which is routinely applied to painting, sculpture and architecture, and thereby to reposition eighteenth-century porcelain within new and more fruitful interpretative frameworks. The authors also analyze the aesthetics of porcelain and its physical characteristics, particularly the way its tactile and visual qualities reinforced and challenged the social processes within which porcelain objects were viewed, collected, and used. The essays in this volume treat objects such as figurines representing British theatrical celebrities, a boxwood and ebony figural porcelain stand, works of architecture meant to approximate porcelain visually, porcelain flowers adorning objects such as candelabra and perfume burners, and tea sets decorated with unusual designs. The geographical areas covered in the collection include China, North Africa, Spain, France, Italy, Britain, America, Japan, Austria, and Holland.

A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century Russia

Raffaella Faggionato
A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth Century Russia Book PDF

Author : Raffaella Faggionato
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2005-09-29
Category : History
ISBN : 1402034865

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A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century Russia by Raffaella Faggionato Pdf

The author undertakes an investigation into the history of Russian Freemasonry that has not been attempted previously. Her premise is that the Russian Enlightenment shows peculiar features, which prevent the application of the interpretative framework commonly used for the history of western thought. The author deals with the development of early Russian masonry, the formation of the Novikov circle in Moscow, the ‘programme’ of Rosicrucianism and the character of its Russian variant and, finally, the clash between the Rosicrucians and the State. The author concludes that the defenders of the Ancien Régime were not wrong. In fact the democratic behaviour, the critical attitude, the practice of participation, the freedom of thought, the tolerance for the diversity, the search for a direct communication with the divinity, in short all the attitudes and behaviours first practiced inside the eighteenth century Rosicrucian lodges constituted a cultural experience which spread throughout the entire society. Novikov’s imprisonment in 1792 and the war against the Rosicrucian literature were attempts to thwart a culture, based on the independence of thought that was taking root inside the very establishment, representing a menace to its stability.

A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Jennifer Milam
A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Milam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350259331

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A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by Jennifer Milam Pdf

A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries covers the period from 1650 to 1800,a time of global exploration and the discovery of new species of plants and their potential uses. Trade routes were established which brought Europeans into direct contact with the plants and people of Asia, Oceania, Africa and the Americas. Foreign and exotic plants become objects of cultivation, collection, and display, whilst the applications of plants became central not only to naturalists, landowners, and gardeners but also to philosophers, artists, merchants, scientists, and rulers. As the Enlightenment took hold, the natural world became something to be grasped through reasoned understanding. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Plants presents the first comprehensive history of the uses and meanings of plants from prehistory to today. The themes covered in each volume are plants as staple foods; plants as luxury foods; trade and exploration; plant technology and science; plants and medicine; plants in culture; plants as natural ornaments; the representation of plants. Jennifer Milam is Pro Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Art History, University of Newcastle, Australia. Volume 4 in the Cultural History of Plants set. General Editors: Annette Giesecke, University of Delaware, USA, and David Mabberley, University of Oxford, UK.

Flora Unveiled

Lincoln Taiz,Lee Taiz
Flora Unveiled Book PDF

Author : Lincoln Taiz,Lee Taiz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780190490263

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Flora Unveiled by Lincoln Taiz,Lee Taiz Pdf

Sex in animals has been known for at least ten thousand years, and this knowledge was put to good use during animal domestication in the Neolithic period. In stark contrast, sex in plants wasn't discovered until the late 17th century, long after the domestication of crop plants. Even after its discovery, the "sexual theory" continued to be hotly debated and lampooned for another 150 years, pitting the "sexualists" against the "asexualists". Why was the notion of sex in plants so contentious for so long? "Flora Unveiled" is a deep history of perceptions about plant gender and sexuality, beginning in the Ice Age and ending in the middle of the nineteenth century, with the elucidation of the complete plant life cycle. Linc and Lee Taiz show that a gender bias that plants are unisexual and female (a "one-sex model") prevented the discovery of plant sex and delayed its acceptance long after the theory was definitively proven. The book explores the various sources of this gender bias, beginning with women's role as gatherers, crop domesticators, and the first farmers. In the myths and religions of the Bronze and Iron Ages, female deities were strongly identified with flowers, trees, and agricultural abundance, and during Middle Ages and Renaissance, this tradition was assimilated into Christianity in the person of Mary. The one-sex model of plants continued into the Early Modern Period, and experienced a resurgence during the eighteenth century Enlightenment and again in the nineteenth century Romantic movement. Not until Wilhelm Hofmeister demonstrated the universality of sex in the plant kingdom was the controversy over plant sex finally laid to rest. Although "Flora Unveiled" focuses on the discovery of sex in plants, the history serves as a cautionary tale of how strongly and persistently cultural biases can impede the discovery and delay the acceptance of scientific advances.

Portraiture and Politics in Revolutionary France

Amy Freund
Portraiture and Politics in Revolutionary France Book PDF

Author : Amy Freund
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-13
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780271065694

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Portraiture and Politics in Revolutionary France by Amy Freund Pdf

Portraiture and Politics in Revolutionary France challenges widely held assumptions about both the genre of portraiture and the political and cultural role of images in France at the beginning of the nineteenth century. After 1789, portraiture came to dominate French visual culture because it addressed the central challenge of the Revolution: how to turn subjects into citizens. Revolutionary portraits allowed sitters and artists to appropriate the means of representation, both aesthetic and political, and articulate new forms of selfhood and citizenship, often in astonishingly creative ways. The triumph of revolutionary portraiture also marks a turning point in the history of art, when seriousness of purpose and aesthetic ambition passed from the formulation of historical narratives to the depiction of contemporary individuals. This shift had major consequences for the course of modern art production and its engagement with the political and the contingent.

A Caribbean Enlightenment

April G. Shelford
A Caribbean Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : April G. Shelford
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781009360791

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A Caribbean Enlightenment by April G. Shelford Pdf

Explores the intersection of Enlightenment ideas and colonial realities amongst White, male colonists in the eighteenth-century French and British Caribbean. For them, becoming 'enlightened' meant diversion, status seeking, satisfying curiosity about the tropical environment, and making sense of the brutal societies and the enslaved Africans.

Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe

R. Crocker
Religion Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe Book PDF

Author : R. Crocker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2001-10-31
Category : History
ISBN : 1402000472

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Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe by R. Crocker Pdf

From a variety of perspectives, the essays presented here explore the profound interdependence of natural philosophy and rational religion in the `long seventeenth century' that begins with the burning of Bruno in 1600 and ends with the Enlightenment in the early Eighteenth century. From the writings of Grotius on natural law and natural religion, and the speculative, libertin novels of Cyrano de Bergerac, to the better-known works of Descartes, Malebranche, Cudworth, Leibniz, Boyle, Spinoza, Newton, and Locke, an increasing emphasis was placed on the rational relationship between religious doctrine, natural law, and a personal divine providence. While evidence for this intrinsic relationship was to be located in different places - in the ideas already present in the mind, in the observations and experiments of the natural philosophers, and even in the history, present experience, and prophesied future of mankind - the result enabled and shaped the broader intellectual and scientific discourses of the Enlightenment.

The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment

Daniel Brewer
The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Daniel Brewer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107021488

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The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment by Daniel Brewer Pdf

Containing essays by leading scholars representing a wide range of disciplines, this Companion offers new perspectives on the French Enlightenment. Clearly organized and easy to use, the volume provides a comprehensive overview of a period that marks the beginning of modern intellectual culture and political life.

The Priest and the Prophetess

Terry Rey
The Priest and the Prophetess Book PDF

Author : Terry Rey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-02
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780190625863

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The Priest and the Prophetess by Terry Rey Pdf

By 1791, the French Revolution had spread to Haïti, where slaves and free blacks alike had begun demanding civil rights guaranteed in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man. Enter Romaine-la-Prophétesse, a free black Dominican coffee farmer who dressed in women's clothes and claimed that the Virgin Mary was his godmother. Inspired by mystical revelations from the Holy Mother, he amassed a large and volatile following of insurgents who would go on to sack countless plantations and conquer the coastal cities of Jacmel and Léogâne. For this brief period, Romaine counted as his political adviser the white French Catholic priest and physician Abbé Ouvière, a renaissance man of cunning politics who would go on to become a pioneering figure in early American science and medicine. Brought together by Catholicism and the turmoil of the revolutionary Atlantic, the priest and the prophetess would come to symbolize the enlightenment ideals of freedom and a more just social order in the eighteenth-century Caribbean. Drawing on extensive archival research, Terry Rey offers a major contribution to our understanding of Catholic mysticism and traditional African religious practices at the time of the Haitian Revolution and reveals the significant ways in which religion and race intersected in the turbulence and triumphs of revolutionary France, Haïti, and early republican America.

A Not-So-New World

Christopher M. Parsons
A Not So New World Book PDF

Author : Christopher M. Parsons
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812250589

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A Not-So-New World by Christopher M. Parsons Pdf

When Samuel de Champlain founded the colony of Quebec in 1608, he established elaborate gardens where he sowed French seeds he had brought with him and experimented with indigenous plants that he found in nearby fields and forests. Following Champlain's example, fellow colonists nurtured similar gardens through the Saint Lawrence Valley and Great Lakes region. In A Not-So-New World, Christopher Parsons observes how it was that French colonists began to learn about Native environments and claimed a mandate to cultivate vegetation that did not differ all that much from that which they had left behind. As Parsons relates, colonists soon discovered that there were limits to what they could accomplish in their gardens. The strangeness of New France became woefully apparent, for example, when colonists found that they could not make French wine out of American grapes. They attributed the differences they discovered to Native American neglect and believed that the French colonial project would rehabilitate and restore the plant life in the region. However, the more colonists experimented with indigenous species and communicated their findings to the wider French Atlantic world, the more foreign New France appeared to French naturalists and even to the colonists themselves. Parsons demonstrates how the French experience of attempting to improve American environments supported not only the acquisition and incorporation of Native American knowledge but also the development of an emerging botanical science that focused on naming new species. Exploring the moment in which settlers, missionaries, merchants, and administrators believed in their ability to shape the environment to better resemble the country they left behind, A Not-So-New World reveals that French colonial ambitions were fueled by a vision of an ecologically sustainable empire.

Scholars in Action (2 vols)

Anonim
Scholars in Action 2 vols Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 962 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004243910

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Scholars in Action (2 vols) by Anonim Pdf

In Scholars in Action, an international group of 40 authors open up new perspectives on the eighteenth-century culture of knowledge, with a particular focus on scholars and their various practices.

Agricultural Enlightenment

Peter M. Jones
Agricultural Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Peter M. Jones
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191025150

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Agricultural Enlightenment by Peter M. Jones Pdf

Agricultural Enlightenment explores the modernization of the rural economy in Europe through the lens of the Enlightenment. It focuses on the second half of the eighteenth century and emphasises the role of useful knowledge in the process of agrarian change and agricultural development. As such it invites economic historians to respond to the challenge issued by Joel Mokyr to look beyond quantitative data and to take seriously the argument that cultural factors, broadly understood, may have aided or hindered the evolution of agriculture in the early modern period ('what people knew and believed' had a direct bearing on their economic behaviour [Mokyr, The Enlightened Economy]). Evidence in support of the idea that a readily accessible supply of agricultural knowledge helps to explain the trajectory of the rural economy is drawn from all of the countries of Europe. The book includes two cases studies of rapid rural modernization in Scotland and Denmark where Agricultural Enlightenment was swiftly followed by full-scale Agricultural Revolution.

Domesticating Empire

Karen Stolley
Domesticating Empire Book PDF

Author : Karen Stolley
Publisher : Vanderbilt University Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-30
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780826502872

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Domesticating Empire by Karen Stolley Pdf

Why has the work of writers in eighteenth-century Latin America been forgotten? During the eighteenth century, enlightened thinkers in Spanish territories in the Americas engaged in lively exchanges with their counterparts in Europe and Anglo-America about a wide range of topics of mutual interest, responding in the context of increasing racial and economic diversification. Yet despite recent efforts to broaden our understanding of the global Enlightenment, the Ibero-American eighteenth century has often been overlooked. Through the work of five authors--Jose de Oviedo y Banos, Juan Ignacio Molina, Felix de Azara, Catalina de Jesus Herrera, and Jose Martin Felix de Arrate--Domesticating Empire explores the Ibero-American Enlightenment as a project that reflects both key Enlightenment concerns and the particular preoccupations of Bourbon Spain and its territories in the Americas. At a crucial moment in Spain's imperial trajectory, these authors domesticate topics central to empire--conquest, Indians, nature, God, and gold--by making them familiar and utilitarian. As a result, their works later proved resistant to overarching schemes of Latin American literary history and have been largely forgotten. Nevertheless, eighteenth-century Ibero-American writing complicates narratives about both the Enlightenment and Latin American cultural identity.