Breast Cancer From Bench To Personalized Medicine

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Breast Cancer: From Bench to Personalized Medicine

Saima Shakil Malik,Nosheen Masood
Breast Cancer From Bench to Personalized Medicine Book PDF

Author : Saima Shakil Malik,Nosheen Masood
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811901973

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Breast Cancer: From Bench to Personalized Medicine by Saima Shakil Malik,Nosheen Masood Pdf

This book provides detailed information on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies for breast cancer. The first section of the book presents epidemiology, risk factors, histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on the receptor status. It also discusses the association of breast cancer with other hormone-sensitive cancers. The second section of the book covers cover BRCA1 and BRCA2-associated breast carcinogenesis, early-stage progression of breast cancer, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. It also discusses the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs in breast cancer metastasis and explores these as the biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer therapy. Further, it discusses the role of fibrinolytic mechanisms and circulating tumor cells in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The book also provides an update on oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to treat breast cancer. Finally, it offers potential new options for personalized therapies for breast cancer patients, including optimizing drug dosage and identifying genetic changes associated with cancer symptom occurrence and severity.

Cancer Genomics

Graham Dellaire,Jason N Berman,Robert J. Arceci
Cancer Genomics Book PDF

Author : Graham Dellaire,Jason N Berman,Robert J. Arceci
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123972743

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Cancer Genomics by Graham Dellaire,Jason N Berman,Robert J. Arceci Pdf

Cancer Genomics addresses how recent technological advances in genomics are shaping how we diagnose and treat cancer. Built on the historical context of cancer genetics over the past 30 years, the book provides a snapshot of the current issues and state-of-the-art technologies used in cancer genomics. Subsequent chapters highlight how these approaches have informed our understanding of hereditary cancer syndromes and the diagnosis, treatment and outcome in a variety of adult and pediatric solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The dramatic increase in cancer genomics research and ever-increasing availability of genomic testing are not without significant ethical issues, which are addressed in the context of the return of research results and the legal considerations underlying the commercialization of genomic discoveries. Finally, the book concludes with "Future Directions", examining the next great challenges to face the field of cancer genomics, namely the contribution of non-coding RNAs to disease pathogenesis and the interaction of the human genome with the environment. Tools such as sidebars, key concept summaries, a glossary, and acronym and abbreviation definitions make this book highly accessible to researchers from several fields associated with cancer genomics. Contributions from thought leaders provide valuable historical perspective to relate the advances in the field to current technologies and literature.

Personalized Treatment of Breast Cancer

Masakazu Toi,Eric Winer,John Benson,Suzanne Klimberg
Personalized Treatment of Breast Cancer Book PDF

Author : Masakazu Toi,Eric Winer,John Benson,Suzanne Klimberg
Publisher : Springer
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9784431555520

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Personalized Treatment of Breast Cancer by Masakazu Toi,Eric Winer,John Benson,Suzanne Klimberg Pdf

This book deals with the essential factors in the personalization of treatment for primary breast cancer. These include host issues, lymph node surgery, radiation therapy, and preoperative systemic treatment requiring specialized knowledge, multidisciplinary care experience, techniques, and research. Locoregional treatment in conjunction with systemic treatments is another important factor, with options for local therapy significantly affected by genetic BRCA mutation. Axillary treatment issues have become top priorities in recent primary breast cancer care, and these are highlighted in the book’s presentation of technological advances in lymph node mapping and diagnosis, axillary clearance in patients with nodal metastasis, and the role of axillary surgery. Attention is also given to locoregional treatment after preoperative systemic therapy. Because therapeutic impact differs depending upon biological characteristics such as tumor subtype, local therapy should be based both on tumor biology and on therapeutic response in parallel. Associated translational research and mathematical prediction tools such as nomograms also are introduced. This book provides the essence of primary breast cancer care, particularly its individualization with novel therapeutic concepts and strategies, and will greatly benefit physicians and clinical investigators in breast cancer institutions.

Translational Research in Breast Cancer

Erwei Song,Hai Hu
Translational Research in Breast Cancer Book PDF

Author : Erwei Song,Hai Hu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-12-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811060205

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Translational Research in Breast Cancer by Erwei Song,Hai Hu Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to translational efforts in breast cancer, addressing the latest approaches to precision medicine based on the current state of understanding of breast cancer. With the latest developments in breast cancer research, our understanding of the genomic changes and the oncogenic signaling cascade of breast cancer has made considerable strides. Further, the immuno-environment has been demonstrated as the barrier to clinical cancer. In addition, major advances in cancer biology, immunology, genomics and metabolism have broken new ground for designing therapeutic approaches and selecting appropriate treatments on the basis of more precise information on the individual patient. As a result of these two trends, a clearer picture of the molecular landscape of breast cancers has facilitated the development of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for clinical oncology. All these aspects are addressed in this volume, which offers a comprehensive resource for researchers, graduate students and oncologists in cancer research.

Economic Dimensions of Personalized and Precision Medicine

Ernst R. Berndt,Dana P. Goldman,John Rowe
Economic Dimensions of Personalized and Precision Medicine Book PDF

Author : Ernst R. Berndt,Dana P. Goldman,John Rowe
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226611068

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Economic Dimensions of Personalized and Precision Medicine by Ernst R. Berndt,Dana P. Goldman,John Rowe Pdf

Personalized and precision medicine (PPM)—the targeting of therapies according to an individual’s genetic, environmental, or lifestyle characteristics—is becoming an increasingly important approach in health care treatment and prevention. The advancement of PPM is a challenge in traditional clinical, reimbursement, and regulatory landscapes because it is costly to develop and introduces a wide range of scientific, clinical, ethical, and socioeconomic issues. PPM raises a multitude of economic issues, including how information on accurate diagnosis and treatment success will be disseminated and who will bear the cost; changes to physician training to incorporate genetics, probability and statistics, and economic considerations; questions about whether the benefits of PPM will be confined to developed countries or will diffuse to emerging economies with less developed health care systems; the effects of patient heterogeneity on cost-effectiveness analysis; and opportunities for PPM’s growth beyond treatment of acute illness, such as prevention and reversal of chronic conditions. This volume explores the intersection of the scientific, clinical, and economic factors affecting the development of PPM, including its effects on the drug pipeline, on reimbursement of PPM diagnostics and treatments, and on funding of the requisite underlying research; and it examines recent empirical applications of PPM.

Translational Research in Breast Cancer

Dong-Young Noh,Wonshik Han,Masakazu Toi
Translational Research in Breast Cancer Book PDF

Author : Dong-Young Noh,Wonshik Han,Masakazu Toi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 630 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9813296224

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Translational Research in Breast Cancer by Dong-Young Noh,Wonshik Han,Masakazu Toi Pdf

This book describes recent advances in translational research in breast cancer and presents emerging applications of this research that promise to have meaningful impacts on diagnosis and treatment. It introduces ideas and materials derived from the clinic that have been brought to "the bench" for basic research, as well as findings that have been applied back to "the bedside". Detailed attention is devoted to breast cancer biology and cell signaling pathways and to cancer stem cell and tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer. Various patient-derived research models are discussed, and a further focus is the role of biomarkers in precision medicine for breast cancer patients. Next-generation clinical research receives detailed attention, addressing the increasingly important role of big data in breast cancer research and a wide range of other emerging developments. An entire section is also devoted to the management of women with high-risk breast cancer. Translational Research in Breast Cancer will help clinicians and scientists to optimize their collaboration in order to achieve the common goal of conquering breast cancer.

Personalized Medicine in Oncology

Ari VanderWalde
Personalized Medicine in Oncology Book PDF

Author : Ari VanderWalde
Publisher : Mdpi AG
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3036528210

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Personalized Medicine in Oncology by Ari VanderWalde Pdf

Nowhere is the explosion in comprehensive genomic testing more evident than in oncology. Multiple consensus guidelines now recommend molecular testing as the standard of care for most metastatic tumors. To aid in the advancement of this rapidly changing field, we intend this Special Issue of JPM to focus on technical developments in the genomic profiling of cancer, detail promising somatic alterations that either are, or have a high likelihood of being, relevant in the near future, and to address issues related to the pricing and value of these tests. The last few years have seen the cost of molecular testing decrease by orders of magnitude. In 2018, we saw the first "site-agnostic" drug approvals in cancer (for microsatellite unstable cancer (PD-1 inhibitors) and NTRK-fusions (TRK inhibitors)). Research on targetable mutations, determination of genetic "signatures" that can use multiple individual genes/pathways, development of targeted therapy, and insight into the value of new technology remains at the cutting edge of research in this field. We are soliciting papers that present new technologies to assess predictive biomarkers in cancer, original research (pre-clinical or clinical) that demonstrates promise for particular targeted therapies in cancer, and articles that explore the clinical and financial impacts of this paradigmatic shift in cancer diagnostics and treatment.

Toward Precision Medicine

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on A Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease
Toward Precision Medicine Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on A Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309222228

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Toward Precision Medicine by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on A Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease Pdf

Motivated by the explosion of molecular data on humans-particularly data associated with individual patients-and the sense that there are large, as-yet-untapped opportunities to use this data to improve health outcomes, Toward Precision Medicine explores the feasibility and need for "a new taxonomy of human disease based on molecular biology" and develops a potential framework for creating one. The book says that a new data network that integrates emerging research on the molecular makeup of diseases with clinical data on individual patients could drive the development of a more accurate classification of diseases and ultimately enhance diagnosis and treatment. The "new taxonomy" that emerges would define diseases by their underlying molecular causes and other factors in addition to their traditional physical signs and symptoms. The book adds that the new data network could also improve biomedical research by enabling scientists to access patients' information during treatment while still protecting their rights. This would allow the marriage of molecular research and clinical data at the point of care, as opposed to research information continuing to reside primarily in academia. Toward Precision Medicine notes that moving toward individualized medicine requires that researchers and health care providers have access to very large sets of health- and disease-related data linked to individual patients. These data are also critical for developing the information commons, the knowledge network of disease, and ultimately the new taxonomy.

Predictive, Preventive, and Personalised Medicine: From Bench to Bedside

Halina Podbielska,Marko Kapalla
Predictive Preventive and Personalised Medicine From Bench to Bedside Book PDF

Author : Halina Podbielska,Marko Kapalla
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031348846

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Predictive, Preventive, and Personalised Medicine: From Bench to Bedside by Halina Podbielska,Marko Kapalla Pdf

This volume presents advanced bio/medical sciences with a particular value for translating research achievements into daily medical practice in the framework of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM/PPPM). First two decades of the 21st century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies, neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders, amongst others. Consequent socio-economic burden is tremendous. Unprecedented decrease in age of maladaptive individuals has been reported. The absolute majority of expanding non-communicable disorders carry a chronic character, over a couple of years progressing from reversible suboptimal health conditions to irreversible severe pathologies and cascading collateral complications. The paradigm change from reactive to predictive preventive and personalised medicine is essential to promote population health by application of individualised patient profiling, multi-parametric analysis leading to cost-effective targeted prevention. To this end, inadequate data for risk assessment on speed and urgency of COVID-19, combined with increased globalization of human society, led to the rapid spread of COVID-19. Despite an abundance of digital methods that could be used in slowing or stopping this virus and future pandemics, the world remains unprepared, and lessons have not been learned from previous cases of pandemics. The book presents PPPM strategies which might be of great clinical utility for future pandemics. In a long-term way, a significantly improved healthcare economy is one of the clear benefits of the proposed paradigm shift; a tight collaboration between all stakeholders including scientific community, healthcare providers, patient organisations, policy-makers and educators is analysed for the smooth implementation of the 3PM concepts. Further issues linked to big data management and medical ethics have to be carefully treated in the context of application of artificial intelligence in medicine.

Tumor Organoids

Shay Soker,Aleksander Skardal
Tumor Organoids Book PDF

Author : Shay Soker,Aleksander Skardal
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319605111

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Tumor Organoids by Shay Soker,Aleksander Skardal Pdf

Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.

Molecular Diagnostics

Jan Trost Jorgensen,Henrik Winther
Molecular Diagnostics Book PDF

Author : Jan Trost Jorgensen,Henrik Winther
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780429533693

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Molecular Diagnostics by Jan Trost Jorgensen,Henrik Winther Pdf

This unique book provides a thorough overview of developing molecular cancer diagnostic assays, which are the prerequisites for optimal solutions within personalized cancer medicine. The book takes the reader through definitions of the pharmacodiagnostic concept, historical perspectives of the early steps into molecular cancer diagnostics linked to therapy, the basis of different diagnostic molecular techniques, ongoing research, drug-diagnostic co-development, assay validation, clinical trial methodology, regulatory issues around pharmacodiagnostics and future aspects within personalized cancer medicine.

Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer

Sunil Badve,Yesim Gökmen-Polar
Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer Book PDF

Author : Sunil Badve,Yesim Gökmen-Polar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319417615

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Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer by Sunil Badve,Yesim Gökmen-Polar Pdf

The complex landscape of breast cancer requires distinct strategies for the management of various molecular subtypes of this disease. Rapid advances in the field of molecular biology have been bewildering for those involved in its study and management. “Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer” aims to close this knowledge gap by discussing comprehensively the evolution, biological basis and clinical applications with a focus on the “what, when, and how” of the most significant molecular markers known to date. These markers are evaluated in the context of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles, which is integral to the practice of precision medicine. The application of next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided new insights in the regulation of genomic and transcriptomic structure and function. Alterations in DNA such as mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been correlated with outcomes and provide for novel therapeutic approaches. These NGS analyses have also revealed the extensive contributions of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, non-coding RNA and alternative splicing. All of these changes together contribute to alterations in proteome. Newer assays that allow greater stability and analytical consistency are emerging. These alterations in tumor profiles can be also now detected by imaging techniques. The heterogeneity of both tumor and tumor microenvironment, an inevitable reality, is discussed in detail with particular focus on cancer stem cells and immune signaling. A chapter is dedicated to the emerging technology of “liquid biopsy”, which opens a novel approach for “continuous” monitoring of cancer that might be superior to conventional diagnostics, “Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer” provides a quick and easy, not to mention essential, tour for clinicians, pathologists and scientists who are seeking to understand the integration of molecular biology into the diagnosis, prognosis and management of breast cancer.

Financing Health Services in Developing Countries

John S. Akin,Nancy Birdsall,David M. De Ferranti
Financing Health Services in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : John S. Akin,Nancy Birdsall,David M. De Ferranti
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1987-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821309005

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Financing Health Services in Developing Countries by John S. Akin,Nancy Birdsall,David M. De Ferranti Pdf

This report discusses several different approaches that support reforming health care services in developing countries. For some time now, health care services have been supported by government funds. As demands for improving health care services continue to increase additional demands will be placed on governments to respond. This, however, will not be easy. Slow economic growth and record budget deficits in the 1980's have forced reductions in public spending. Alternative approaches to finance health care services are needed. Such possible changes could involve: decentralization of federal government involvement; the promotion of nongovernment involvement; the imposition of user fees; and, establishing health insurance. Finally, the role of the Bank in pursuing new financing strategies is discussed.

Making Medical Knowledge

Miriam Solomon
Making Medical Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Miriam Solomon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Evidence-based medicine
ISBN : 9780198732617

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Making Medical Knowledge by Miriam Solomon Pdf

How is medical knowledge made? New methods for research and clinical care have reshaped the practices of medical knowledge production over the last forty years. Consensus conferences, evidence-based medicine, translational medicine, and narrative medicine are among the most prominent new methods. Making Medical Knowledge explores their origins and aims, their epistemic strengths, and their epistemic weaknesses. Miriam Solomon argues that the familiar dichotomy between the art and the science of medicine is not adequate for understanding this plurality of methods. The book begins by tracing the development of medical consensus conferences, from their beginning at the United States' National Institutes of Health in 1977, to their widespread adoption in national and international contexts. It discusses consensus conferences as social epistemic institutions designed to embody democracy and achieve objectivity. Evidence-based medicine, which developed next, ranks expert consensus at the bottom of the evidence hierarchy, thus challenging the authority of consensus conferences. Evidence-based medicine has transformed both medical research and clinical medicine in many positive ways, but it has also been accused of creating an intellectual hegemony that has marginalized crucial stages of scientific research, particularly scientific discovery. Translational medicine is understood as a response to the shortfalls of both consensus conferences and evidence-based medicine. Narrative medicine is the most prominent recent development in the medical humanities. Its central claim is that attention to narrative is essential for patient care. Solomon argues that the differences between narrative medicine and the other methods have been exaggerated, and offers a pluralistic account of how the all the methods interact and sometimes conflict. The result is both practical and theoretical suggestions for how to improve medical knowledge and understand medical controversies.

HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Sara Hurvitz,Kelly McCann
HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Book PDF

Author : Sara Hurvitz,Kelly McCann
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323581233

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HER2-Positive Breast Cancer by Sara Hurvitz,Kelly McCann Pdf

Get a quick, expert overview of clinically-focused topics and guidelines that are relevant to testing for HER2, which contributes to approximately 25% of breast cancers today. This concise resource by Drs. Sara Hurvitz, and Kelly McCann consolidates today’s available information on this growing topic into one convenient resource, making it an ideal, easy-to-digest reference for practicing and trainee oncologists.