Can T We Make Moral Judgements

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Can't We Make Moral Judgements?

Mary Midgley
Can t We Make Moral Judgements Book PDF

Author : Mary Midgley
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781474298018

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Can't We Make Moral Judgements? by Mary Midgley Pdf

How many times do we hear the statement 'It's not for me to judge'? It conveys one of the most popular ideas of our time: that to make judgements of others is essentially wrong. In this classic text, the renowned moral philosopher Mary Midgely turns a spotlight on the ever popular stance in society that we should not make moral judgements on others. Guiding the reader through the diverse approaches to this complex subject, she interrogates our strong beliefs about such things as the value of freedom that underlie our scepticism about making moral judgements. She shows how the question of whether or not we can make these judgements must inevitably affect our attitudes not only to the law and its institutions but also to events that occur in our daily lives, and suggests that mistrust of moral judgements may be making life even harder for us than it would be otherwise. The texts and philosophers discussed range from Nietzsche and Sartre to P.D. James and the Bhagavad Gita. The Bloomsbury Revelations edition includes a new preface from the author.

Can't We Make Moral Judgements?

NA NA
Can t We Make Moral Judgements Book PDF

Author : NA NA
Publisher : Springer
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137094469

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Can't We Make Moral Judgements? by NA NA Pdf

In this book, Mary Midgely turns a spotlight on the fashionable view that we no longer need or use moral judgements. She shows how the question of whether or not we can make moral judgements must inevitably affect our attitudes to the law and its institutions, but also to events that occur in our daily lives.

Can't We Make Moral Judgements?

Mary Midgley
Can t We Make Moral Judgements Book PDF

Author : Mary Midgley
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781474297981

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Can't We Make Moral Judgements? by Mary Midgley Pdf

How many times do we hear the statement 'It's not for me to judge'? It conveys one of the most popular ideas of our time: that to make judgements of others is essentially wrong. In this classic text, the renowned moral philosopher Mary Midgely turns a spotlight on the ever popular stance in society that we should not make moral judgements on others. Guiding the reader through the diverse approaches to this complex subject, she interrogates our strong beliefs about such things as the value of freedom that underlie our scepticism about making moral judgements. She shows how the question of whether or not we can make these judgements must inevitably affect our attitudes not only to the law and its institutions but also to events that occur in our daily lives, and suggests that mistrust of moral judgements may be making life even harder for us than it would be otherwise. The texts and philosophers discussed range from Nietzsche and Sartre to P.D. James and the Bhagavad Gita. The Bloomsbury Revelations edition includes a new preface from the author.

Beyond Moral Judgment

Alice Crary
Beyond Moral Judgment Book PDF

Author : Alice Crary
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674034617

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Beyond Moral Judgment by Alice Crary Pdf

What is moral thought and what kinds of demands does it impose? Alice Crary's book Beyond Moral Judgment claims that even the most perceptive contemporary answers to these questions offer no more than partial illumination, owing to an overly narrow focus on judgments that apply moral concepts (for example, "good," "wrong," "selfish," "courageous") and a corresponding failure to register that moral thinking includes more than such judgments. Drawing on what she describes as widely misinterpreted lines of thought in the writings of Wittgenstein and J. L. Austin, Crary argues that language is an inherently moral acquisition and that any stretch of thought, without regard to whether it uses moral concepts, may express the moral outlook encoded in a person's modes of speech. She challenges us to overcome our fixation on moral judgments and direct attention to responses that animate all our individual linguistic habits. Her argument incorporates insights from McDowell, Wiggins, Diamond, Cavell, and Murdoch and integrates a rich set of examples from feminist theory as well as from literature, including works by Jane Austen, E. M. Forster, Tolstoy, Henry James, and Theodor Fontane. The result is a powerful case for transforming our understanding of the difficulty of moral reflection and of the scope of our ethical concerns.

Making Moral Judgments

Donelson Forsyth
Making Moral Judgments Book PDF

Author : Donelson Forsyth
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000710908

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Making Moral Judgments by Donelson Forsyth Pdf

This fascinating new book examines diversity in moral judgements, drawing on recent work in social, personality, and evolutionary psychology, reviewing the factors that influence the moral judgments people make. Why do reasonable people so often disagree when drawing distinctions between what is morally right and wrong? Even when individuals agree in their moral pronouncements, they may employ different standards, different comparative processes, or entirely disparate criteria in their judgments. Examining the sources of this variety, the author expertly explores morality using ethics position theory, alongside other theoretical perspectives in moral psychology, and shows how it can relate to contemporary social issues from abortion to premarital sex to human rights. Also featuring a chapter on applied contexts, using the theory of ethics positions to gain insights into the moral choices and actions of individuals, groups, and organizations in educational, research, political, medical, and business settings, the book offers answers that apply across individuals, communities, and cultures. Investigating the relationship between people’s personal moral philosophies and their ethical thoughts, emotions, and actions, this is fascinating reading for students and academics from psychology and philosophy and anyone interested in morality and ethics.

Sentimental Rules

Shaun Nichols
Sentimental Rules Book PDF

Author : Shaun Nichols
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2004-11-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195169348

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Sentimental Rules by Shaun Nichols Pdf

Shaun Nichols' theory is that emotions play a critical role in both the psychological and the cultural underpinnings of basic moral judgement, in that the norms prohibiting the harming of others are fundamentally associated with our emotional responses to those harms.

Ethics and Attachment

Aner Govrin
Ethics and Attachment Book PDF

Author : Aner Govrin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Decision making
ISBN : 1138079774

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Ethics and Attachment by Aner Govrin Pdf

In Ethics and Attachment: How We Make Moral Judgements psychoanalyst and philosopher Aner Govrin offers The Attachment Approach to Moral Judgment, an innovative new model of the process involved in making such moral judgments.

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

Anonim
Psychology of Learning and Motivation Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2009-02-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080922775

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Psychology of Learning and Motivation by Anonim Pdf

This volume presents a variety of perspectives from within and outside moral psychology. Recently there has been an explosion of research in moral psychology, but it is one of the subfields most in need of bridge-building, both within and across areas. Interests in moral phenomena have spawned several separate lines of research that appear to address similar concerns from a variety of perspectives. The contributions to this volume examine key theoretical and empirical issues these perspectives share that connect these issues with the broader base of theory and research in social and cognitive psychology. The first two chapters discuss the role of mental representation in moral judgment and reasoning. Sloman, Fernbach, and Ewing argue that causal models are the canonical representational medium underlying moral reasoning, and Mikhail offers an account that makes use of linguistic structures and implicates legal concepts. Bilz and Nadler follow with a discussion of the ways in which laws, which are typically construed in terms of affecting behavior, exert an influence on moral attitudes, cognition, and emotions. Baron and Ritov follow with a discussion of how people's moral cognition is often driven by law-like rules that forbid actions and suggest that value-driven judgment is relatively less concerned by the consequences of those actions than some normative standards would prescribe. Iliev et al. argue that moral cognition makes use of both rules and consequences, and review a number of laboratory studies that suggest that values influence what captures our attention, and that attention is a powerful determinant of judgment and preference. Ginges follows with a discussion of how these value-related processes influence cognition and behavior outside the laboratory, in high-stakes, real-world conflicts. Two subsequent chapters discuss further building blocks of moral cognition. Lapsley and Narvaez discuss the development of moral characters in children, and Reyna and Casillas offer a memory-based account of moral reasoning, backed up by developmental evidence. Their theoretical framework is also very relevant to the phenomena discussed in the Sloman et al., Baron and Ritov, and Iliev et al. chapters. The final three chapters are centrally focused on the interplay of hot and cold cognition. They examine the relationship between recent empirical findings in moral psychology and accounts that rely on concepts and distinctions borrowed from normative ethics and decision theory. Connolly and Hardman focus on bridge-building between contemporary discussions in the judgment and decision making and moral judgment literatures, offering several useful methodological and theoretical critiques. Ditto, Pizarro, and Tannenbaum argue that some forms of moral judgment that appear objective and absolute on the surface are, at bottom, more about motivated reasoning in service of some desired conclusion. Finally, Bauman and Skitka argue that moral relevance is in the eye of the perceiver and emphasize an empirical approach to identifying whether people perceive a given judgment as moral or non-moral. They describe a number of behavioral implications of people's reported perception that a judgment or choice is a moral one, and in doing so, they suggest that the way in which researchers carve out the moral domain a priori might be dubious.

Moralism

Craig Taylor
Moralism Book PDF

Author : Craig Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317547709

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Moralism by Craig Taylor Pdf

Moralism involves the distortion of moral thought, the distortion of reflection and judgement. It is a vice, and one to which many - from the philosopher to the media pundit to the politician - are highly susceptible. This book examines the nature of moralism in specific moral judgements and the ways in which moral philosophy and theories about morality can themselves become skewed by this vice. This book ranges across a wide range of topics: the problem of the demandingness of morality; the conflict between moral and other values; the contrast between the practice of moral philosophy and other modes of moral thought or reflection; moralism in the media; and, moralism in the public discussion of literature and art. This highly original and provocative book will be of interest to students of philosophy, psychology, theology and media, and to anyone who takes a serious interest in contemporary morality.

Moral Brains

S. Matthew Liao
Moral Brains Book PDF

Author : S. Matthew Liao
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199357673

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Moral Brains by S. Matthew Liao Pdf

In the last fifteen years, there has been significant interest in studying the brain structures involved in moral judgments using novel techniques from neuroscience such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Many people, including a number of philosophers, believe that results from neuroscience have the potential to settle seemingly intractable debates concerning the nature, practice, and reliability of moral judgments. This has led to a flurry of scientific and philosophical activities, resulting in the rapid growth of the new field of moral neuroscience. There is now a vast array of ongoing scientific research devoted towards understanding the neural correlates of moral judgments, accompanied by a large philosophical literature aimed at interpreting and examining the methodology and the results of this research. This is the first volume to take stock of fifteen years of research of this fast-growing field of moral neuroscience and to recommend future directions for research. It features the most up-to-date research in this area, and it presents a wide variety of perspectives on this topic.

Justice for Hedgehogs

Ronald Dworkin
Justice for Hedgehogs Book PDF

Author : Ronald Dworkin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 521 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2011-05-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674071964

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Justice for Hedgehogs by Ronald Dworkin Pdf

The fox knows many things, the Greeks said, but the hedgehog knows one big thing. In his most comprehensive work, Ronald Dworkin argues that value in all its forms is one big thing: that what truth is, life means, morality requires, and justice demands are different aspects of the same large question. He develops original theories on a great variety of issues very rarely considered in the same book: moral skepticism, literary, artistic, and historical interpretation, free will, ancient moral theory, being good and living well, liberty, equality, and law among many other topics. What we think about any one of these must stand up, eventually, to any argument we find compelling about the rest. Skepticism in all its forms—philosophical, cynical, or post-modern—threatens that unity. The Galilean revolution once made the theological world of value safe for science. But the new republic gradually became a new empire: the modern philosophers inflated the methods of physics into a totalitarian theory of everything. They invaded and occupied all the honorifics—reality, truth, fact, ground, meaning, knowledge, and being—and dictated the terms on which other bodies of thought might aspire to them, and skepticism has been the inevitable result. We need a new revolution. We must make the world of science safe for value.

Against Empathy

Paul Bloom
Against Empathy Book PDF

Author : Paul Bloom
Publisher : HarperCollins
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780062339355

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Against Empathy by Paul Bloom Pdf

New York Post Best Book of 2016 We often think of our capacity to experience the suffering of others as the ultimate source of goodness. Many of our wisest policy-makers, activists, scientists, and philosophers agree that the only problem with empathy is that we don’t have enough of it. Nothing could be farther from the truth, argues Yale researcher Paul Bloom. In AGAINST EMPATHY, Bloom reveals empathy to be one of the leading motivators of inequality and immorality in society. Far from helping us to improve the lives of others, empathy is a capricious and irrational emotion that appeals to our narrow prejudices. It muddles our judgment and, ironically, often leads to cruelty. We are at our best when we are smart enough not to rely on it, but to draw instead upon a more distanced compassion. Basing his argument on groundbreaking scientific findings, Bloom makes the case that some of the worst decisions made by individuals and nations—who to give money to, when to go to war, how to respond to climate change, and who to imprison—are too often motivated by honest, yet misplaced, emotions. With precision and wit, he demonstrates how empathy distorts our judgment in every aspect of our lives, from philanthropy and charity to the justice system; from medical care and education to parenting and marriage. Without empathy, Bloom insists, our decisions would be clearer, fairer, and—yes—ultimately more moral. Brilliantly argued, urgent and humane, AGAINST EMPATHY shows us that, when it comes to both major policy decisions and the choices we make in our everyday lives, limiting our impulse toward empathy is often the most compassionate choice we can make.

Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind

Joshua May
Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind Book PDF

Author : Joshua May
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192539601

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Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind by Joshua May Pdf

The burgeoning science of ethics has produced a trend toward pessimism. Ordinary moral thought and action, we're told, are profoundly influenced by arbitrary factors and ultimately driven by unreasoned feelings. This book counters the current orthodoxy on its own terms by carefully engaging with the empirical literature. The resulting view, optimistic rationalism, shows the pervasive role played by reason our moral minds, and ultimately defuses sweeping debunking arguments in ethics. The science does suggest that moral knowledge and virtue don't come easily. However, despite the heavy influence of automatic and unconscious processes that have been shaped by evolutionary pressures, we needn't reject ordinary moral psychology as fundamentally flawed or in need of serious repair. Reason can be corrupted in ethics just as in other domains, but a special pessimism about morality in particular is unwarranted. Moral judgment and motivation are fundamentally rational enterprises not beholden to the passions.

The Grounds of Ethical Judgement

Christian Illies
The Grounds of Ethical Judgement Book PDF

Author : Christian Illies
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0198238320

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The Grounds of Ethical Judgement by Christian Illies Pdf

Transcendental arguments have gained a lot of attention since the 1990s, mainly in the field of theoretical reason. Christian Illies argues that transcendental arguments have great potential in ethics, as they promise rational justification of normative judgements.

The Moral Judgment Of The Child

Piaget, Jean
The Moral Judgment Of The Child Book PDF

Author : Piaget, Jean
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781136317750

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The Moral Judgment Of The Child by Piaget, Jean Pdf

First Published in 1999. Readers will find in this book no direct analysis of child morality as it is practised in home and school life or in children's societies. It is the moral judgment that we propose to investigate, not moral behaviour or sentiments. With this aim in view, a large number of children from the Geneva and Neuchatel schools were questioned and held conversations with them, similar to those we had had before on their conception of the world and of causality. The present volume contains the results of these conversations.