Causal Models In Experimental Designs

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Causal Models in Experimental Designs

Author : H. M. Blalock
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351529815

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Causal Models in Experimental Designs by H. M. Blalock Pdf

This is a companion volume to Causal Models in the Social Sciences, the majority of articles concern panel designs involving repeated measurements while a smaller cluster involve discussions of how experimental designs may be improved by more explicit attention to causal models. All of the papers are concerned with complications that may occur in actual research designs- as compared with idealized ones that often become the basis of textbook discussions of design issues.

Causal Models in Panel and Experimental Designs

Author : Hubert M. Blalock
Publisher : Aldine De Gruyter
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1985-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0202303152

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Causal Models in Panel and Experimental Designs by Hubert M. Blalock Pdf

Causal Models in Experimental Designs

Author : Hubert M. Blalock
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780202364612

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Causal Models in Experimental Designs by Hubert M. Blalock Pdf

This is a companion volume to the Causal Models in the Social Sciences, the majority of articles concern panel designs involving repeated measurements while a smaller cluster involves discussions of how experimental designs may be improved by more explicit attention to causal models. All of the papers are concerned with complications that may occur in actual research designs--as compared with idealized ones that often become the basis of textbook discussions of design issues. In thinking about the revision of that volume, considerable literature has accumulated. As a result, this volume attempts to bridge the gap in time and substance to that earlier effort. Blalock examined articles that seemed to hold the most promise of expanding the variety of topics in research methods to the causal modeling approach, and addressing the design issues involved. The majority of these fell under the heading of panel designs involving repeated measurements; a smaller cluster involved discussions of how our understanding of experimental designs could be improved by paying explicit attention to causal models. Blalock presented five chapters bearing on experimental designs into Part I, since the issues with which they deal are more general than those that treat more specifically with the handling of change data. Although many readers may have more immediate interest in these latter papers, which appear in Part II, Blalock thought it wise to encourage such readers to examine broader issues before plunging specifically into discussions of panel designs. H.M. Blalock, Jr. (1926-1991) was professor of sociology at the University of Washington, Seattle. He was recipient of the 1973 ASA Samuel Stouffer Prize, and was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was the 70th president of the American Sociological Association.

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research

Author : Donald T. Campbell,Julian C. Stanley
Publisher : Ravenio Books
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research by Donald T. Campbell,Julian C. Stanley Pdf

We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control.

The Effect

Author : Nick Huntington-Klein
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000509144

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The Effect by Nick Huntington-Klein Pdf

Extensive code examples in R, Stata, and Python Chapters on overlooked topics in econometrics classes: heterogeneous treatment effects, simulation and power analysis, new cutting-edge methods, and uncomfortable ignored assumptions An easy-to-read conversational tone Up-to-date coverage of methods with fast-moving literatures like difference-in-differences

Statistics and Experimental Design for Psychologists

Author : Rory Allen
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781786340672

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Statistics and Experimental Design for Psychologists by Rory Allen Pdf

This is the first textbook for psychologists which combines the model comparison method in statistics with a hands-on guide to computer-based analysis and clear explanations of the links between models, hypotheses and experimental designs. Statistics is often seen as a set of cookbook recipes which must be learned by heart. Model comparison, by contrast, provides a mental roadmap that not only gives a deeper level of understanding, but can be used as a general procedure to tackle those problems which can be solved using orthodox statistical methods. Statistics and Experimental Design for Psychologists focusses on the role of Occam's principle, and explains significance testing as a means by which the null and experimental hypotheses are compared using the twin criteria of parsimony and accuracy. This approach is backed up with a strong visual element, including for the first time a clear illustration of what the F-ratio actually does, and why it is so ubiquitous in statistical testing. The book covers the main statistical methods up to multifactorial and repeated measures, ANOVA and the basic experimental designs associated with them. The associated online supplementary material extends this coverage to multiple regression, exploratory factor analysis, power calculations and other more advanced topics, and provides screencasts demonstrating the use of programs on a standard statistical package, SPSS. Of particular value to third year undergraduate as well as graduate students, this book will also have a broad appeal to anyone wanting a deeper understanding of the scientific method. Contents: What is Science?Comparing Different Models of a Set of DataTesting Hypotheses and Recording the Result: Types of ValidityBasic Descriptive Statistics (and How Pierre Laplace Saved the World)Bacon's Legacy: Causal Models, and How to Test ThemHow Hypothesis Testing Copes with Uncertainty: The Legacy of Karl Popper and Ronald FisherGaussian Distributions, the Building Block of Parametric StatisticsRandomized Controlled Trials, the Model T Ford of ExperimentsThe Independent Samples t-Test, the Analytical Engine of the RCTGeneralising the t-Test: One-Way ANOVAMultifactorial Designs and Their ANOVA CounterpartsRepeated Measures Designs, and Their ANOVA CounterpartsAppendices:On Finding the Right Effect SizeWhy Orthogonal Contrasts are UsefulMathematical Justification for the Occam LineGlossaryFurther ReadingReferencesIndex Readership: Students of undergraduate and graduate level psychology, and academics involved in research.

Experiments in Public Management Research

Author : Oliver James,Sebastian R. Jilke,Gregg G. Van Ryzin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107162051

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Experiments in Public Management Research by Oliver James,Sebastian R. Jilke,Gregg G. Van Ryzin Pdf

An overview of experimental research and methods in public management, and their impact on theory, research practices and substantive knowledge.

Estimating Causal Effects

Author : Barbara Schneider
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Causation
ISBN : UVA:X030203244

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Estimating Causal Effects by Barbara Schneider Pdf

Explains the value of quasi-experimental techniques that can be used to approximate randomized experiments. The goal is to describe the logic of causal inference for researchers and policymakers who are not necessarily trained in experimental and quasi-experimental designs and statistical techniques.

Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference

Author : William R. Shadish,Thomas D. Cook,Donald Thomas Campbell
Publisher : Cengage Learning
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015061304716

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Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference by William R. Shadish,Thomas D. Cook,Donald Thomas Campbell Pdf

Sections include: experiments and generalised causal inference; statistical conclusion validity and internal validity; construct validity and external validity; quasi-experimental designs that either lack a control group or lack pretest observations on the outcome; quasi-experimental designs that use both control groups and pretests; quasi-experiments: interrupted time-series designs; regresssion discontinuity designs; randomised experiments: rationale, designs, and conditions conducive to doing them; practical problems 1: ethics, participation recruitment and random assignment; practical problems 2: treatment implementation and attrition; generalised causal inference: a grounded theory; generalised causal inference: methods for single studies; generalised causal inference: methods for multiple studies; a critical assessment of our assumptions.

Correlation and Causality

Author : David A. Kenny
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105035453476

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Correlation and Causality by David A. Kenny Pdf

Structural modeling; Covariance algebra; Principles of path analysis; Models with observed variables as causes; Measurement error in the exogenous variable and third variables; Observed variables as causes of each other; Single unmeasured exogenous variables; Causal models with multiple unmeasured variables; Causal models with unmeasured variables; Causal models and true experiments; The nonequivalent control group design; Cross-lagged panel correlation; Loose ends.

Causal Models in the Social Sciences

Author : H. M. Blalock, Jr.
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780202364582

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Causal Models in the Social Sciences by H. M. Blalock, Jr. Pdf

Causal models are formal theories stating the relationships between precisely defined variables, and have become an indispensable tool of the social scientist. This collection of articles is a course book on the causal modeling approach to theory construction and data analysis. H. M. Blalock, Jr. summarizes the then-current developments in causal model utilization in sociology, political science, economics, and other disciplines. This book provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary picture of the work on causal models. It seeks to address the problem of measurement in the social sciences and to link theory and research through the development of causal models. Organized into five sections (Simple Recursive Models, Path Analysis, Simultaneous Equations Techniques, The Causal Approach to Measurement Error, and Other Complications), this volume contains twenty-seven articles (eight of which were specially commissioned). Each section begins with an introduction explaining the concepts to be covered in the section and links them to the larger subject. It provides a general overview of the theory and application of causal modeling. Blalock argues for the development of theoretical models that can be operationalized and provide verifiable predictions. Many of the discussions of this subject that occur in other literature are too technical for most social scientists and other scholars who lack a strong background in mathematics. This book attempts to integrate a few of the less technical papers written by econometricians such as Koopmans, Wold, Strotz, and Fisher with discussions of causal approaches in the social and biological sciences. This classic text by Blalock is a valuable source of material for those interested in the issue of measurement in the social sciences and the construction of mathematical models.

Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments

Author : Richard McCleary,David McDowall,Bradley Bartos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190661588

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Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments by Richard McCleary,David McDowall,Bradley Bartos Pdf

Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments presents the elements of statistical time series analysis while also addressing recent developments in research design and causal modeling. A distinguishing feature of the book is its integration of design and analysis of time series experiments. Readers learn not only how-to skills but also the underlying rationales for design features and analytical methods. ARIMA algebra, Box-Jenkins-Tiao models and model-building strategies, forecasting, and Box-Tiao impact models are developed in separate chapters. The presentation of the models and model-building assumes only exposure to an introductory statistics course, with more difficult mathematical material relegated to appendices. Separate chapters cover threats to statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity with an emphasis on how these threats arise in time series experiments. Design structures for controlling the threats are presented and illustrated through examples. The chapters on statistical conclusion validity and internal validity introduce Bayesian methods, counterfactual causality, and synthetic control group designs. Building on the earlier time series books by McCleary and McDowall, Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments includes recent developments in modeling, and considers design issues in greater detail than does any existing work. Drawing examples from criminology, economics, education, pharmacology, public policy, program evaluation, public health, and psychology, the text is addressed to researchers and graduate students in a wide range of behavioral, biomedical and social sciences. It will appeal to those who want to conduct or interpret time series experiments, as well as to those interested in research designs for causal inference.

Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality

Author : Rebecca B. Morton,Kenneth C. Williams
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-08-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139490535

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Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality by Rebecca B. Morton,Kenneth C. Williams Pdf

Increasingly, political scientists use the term 'experiment' or 'experimental' to describe their empirical research. One of the primary reasons for doing so is the advantage of experiments in establishing causal inferences. In this book, Rebecca B. Morton and Kenneth C. Williams discuss in detail how experiments and experimental reasoning with observational data can help researchers determine causality. They explore how control and random assignment mechanisms work, examining both the Rubin causal model and the formal theory approaches to causality. They also cover general topics in experimentation such as the history of experimentation in political science; internal and external validity of experimental research; types of experiments - field, laboratory, virtual, and survey - and how to choose, recruit, and motivate subjects in experiments. They investigate ethical issues in experimentation, the process of securing approval from institutional review boards for human subject research, and the use of deception in experimentation.

Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational Studies using R

Author : Nathan Taback
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000554199

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Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational Studies using R by Nathan Taback Pdf

Introduction to Design and Analysis of Scientific Studies exposes undergraduate and graduate students to the foundations of classical experimental design and observational studies through a modern framework - The Rubin Causal Model. A causal inference framework is important in design, data collection and analysis since it provides a framework for investigators to readily evaluate study limitations and draw appropriate conclusions. R is used to implement designs and analyse the data collected. Features: Classical experimental design with an emphasis on computation using tidyverse packages in R. Applications of experimental design to clinical trials, A/B testing, and other modern examples. Discussion of the link between classical experimental design and causal inference. The role of randomization in experimental design and sampling in the big data era. Exercises with solutions. Instructor slides in RMarkdown, a new R package will be developed to be used with book, and a bookdown version of the book will be freely available. The proposed book will emphasize ethics, communication and decision making as part of design, data analysis, and statistical thinking.