Cellular Aspects Of Wood Formation

Author : Jörg Fromm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783642364914

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Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation by Jörg Fromm Pdf

With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors. On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process.

Author : Wilfred A. Côté
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Plant cell walls
ISBN : UCAL:B3741915

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Cellular Ultrastructure of Woody Plants by Wilfred A. Côté Pdf

Author : Nigel J Chaffey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 858 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2002-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134485062

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Wood Formation in Trees by Nigel J Chaffey Pdf

Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of

Author : Rodney A. Savidge,J. R. Barnett,Richard Napier
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 1859961231

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Cell and Molecular Biology of Wood Formation by Rodney A. Savidge,J. R. Barnett,Richard Napier Pdf

The application of modern molecular biology techniques is providing new insight into wood formation and the seasonal nature of secondary growth in perennial woody plant species. Extensively illustrated, this new book provides a comprehensive and critical overview of current understanding about the biology of wood formation, with a focus on the development, regulation and biochemistry of cambial growth supplemented by additional considerations of the fundamental factors determining forest productivity, wood quality and heartwood formation.

Author : Barry Gardiner,John Barnett,Pekka Saranpää,Joseph Gril
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-08
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783642108143

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The Biology of Reaction Wood by Barry Gardiner,John Barnett,Pekka Saranpää,Joseph Gril Pdf

The book is a fundamental reference source on reaction wood for wood scientists and technologists, plant biologists, silviculturists, forest ecologists, and anyone involved in the growing of trees and the processing of wood. It brings together our current understanding of all aspects of reaction wood, and is the first book to discuss both compression wood and tension wood. Trees produce reaction wood to maintain the vertical orientation of their stems and the optimum angle of each branch. They achieve this by laying down fibre cell walls in which differences in physical and chemical structure from those of normal fibres are expressed as differential stresses across the stem or branch. This process, while of obvious value for the survival of the tree, causes serious problems for the utilisation of timber. Timber derived from trees containing significant amounts of reaction wood is subject to dimensional instability on drying, causing twisting, bending and splitting. It is also difficult to work as timber, and for the pulp and paper industry the cost of removing the increased amount of lignin in compression wood is substantial. This has both practical and economic consequences for industry. Understanding the factors controlling reaction wood formation and its effect on wood structure is therefore fundamental to our understanding of the adaptation of trees to their environment and to the sustainable use of wood. The topics covered include: -Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood -Cell-wall polymers in reaction wood and their biosynthesis -Changes in tree proteomes during reaction wood formation -The biomechanical action and biological functions of reaction wood - Physical and mechanical properties of reaction wood from the scale of cell walls to planks -The detection and characterisation of compression wood -Effects of reaction wood on the performance of wood and wood-based products - Commercial implications of reaction wood and the influence of forest management on its formation

Author : Pieter Baas
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789004265608

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Wood Structure in Plant Biology and Ecology by Pieter Baas Pdf

At present the study of functional and ecological wood anatomy enjoys a vigorous renaissance and plays a pivotal role in plant and ecosystem biology, plant evolution, and global change research. This book contains a selection of papers presented at the successful meetings of the International Association of Wood Anatomists and the Cost-Action STReESS (Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a Synthesis) held in Naples in April 2013. Four review papers address (1) the hydraulic architecture of the earliest land plants, (2) the general phenomenon of axial conduit tapering in trees, (3) the hydraulic and biomechanical optimization in one of the most important plantation grown tree species, Norway Spruce, and (4) cellular and subcellular changes in the cambium in response to environmental factors. Three papers review or introduce new tools to observe the 3-D structure and functioning of wood, and novel tools for quantitative image analysis in tree ring series. Finally, five papers report original research on environmental effects on wood structure, including studies on plastic responses in European beech, effects of fire or late summer rains on Mediterranean Aleppo Pine, and the potential for using arctic shrubs or tropical deciduous trees in dendrochronological and climatological studies. Reprinted from IAWA Journal 34 (4), 2013.

Author : Ray J. Rose
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781315353395

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Molecular Cell Biology of the Growth and Differentiation of Plant Cells by Ray J. Rose Pdf

Molecular Cell Biology of the Growth and Differentiation of Plant Cells encompasses cell division, cell enlargement and differentiation; which is the cellular basis of plant growth and development. Understanding these developmental processes is fundamental for improving plant growth and the production of special plant products, as well as contributing to biological understanding. The dynamics of cells and cellular organelles are considered in the context of growth and differentiation, made possible particularly by advances in molecular genetics and the visualization of organelles using molecular probes. There is now a much clearer understanding of these basic plant processes of cell division, cell enlargement and differentiation. Each chapter provides a current and conceptual view in the context of the cell cycle (6 chapters), cell enlargement (5 chapters) or cell differentiation (9 chapters). The book provides state of the art knowledge (and open questions) set out in a framework that provides a long term reference point. The book is targeted at plant cell biologists, molecular biologists, plant physiologists and biochemists, developmental biologists and those interested in plant growth and development. The book is suitable for those already in the field, plant scientists entering the field and graduate students.

Author : Bruce J. Zobel,Jackson B. Jett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642795145

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Genetics of Wood Production by Bruce J. Zobel,Jackson B. Jett Pdf

Over the past years, a great deal has been learned about variation in wood prop erties. Genetic control is a major source of variation in most wood properties. Wood is controlled genetically both directly in the developmental or internal pro cesses of wood formation and indirectly by the control of tree form and growth patterns. Emphasis in this book will be on the internal control of wood production by genetics although there will be two chapters dealing with the indirect genetic control of wood, which was covered in detail in the previous book by Zobel and van Buijtenen (1989). The literature on the genetics of wood is very variable, SO'lle quite superficial, on which little reliance can be placed, and some from well-designed and correctly executed research. When suitable, near the end of each chapter, there will be a summary with the authors' interpretation of the most important information in the chapter. The literature on the genetics of wood can be quite controversial. This is to be expected, since both the environment and its interaction with the genotype of the tree can have a major effect on wood properties, especially when trees of similar genotypes are grown under widely divergent conditions. Adding to the confusion, studies frequently have been designed and analyzed quite differently, resulting in conflicting assessments of results.

Author : Yoon Soo Kim,Ryo Funada,Adya,P, Singh
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128025291

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Secondary Xylem Biology by Yoon Soo Kim,Ryo Funada,Adya,P, Singh Pdf

Secondary Xylem Biology: Origins, Functions, and Applications provides readers with many lenses from which to understand the whole scope and breadth of secondary xylem. The book builds on a basic comprehension of xylem structure and development before delving into other important issues such as fungal and bacterial degradation and biofuel conversion. Chapters are written by recognized experts who have in-depth knowledge of their specific areas of expertise. It is a single information source containing high quality content, information, and knowledge related to the understanding of biology in woody plants and their applications. Offers an in-depth understanding of biology in woody plants Includes topics such as abiotic stresses on secondary xylem formation, fungal degradation of cell walls, and secondary xylem for bioconversion Progresses from basic details of wood structure, to dynamics of wood formation, to degradation

Author : Peter Niemz,Alfred Teischinger,Dick Sandberg
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 2064 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030813154

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Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology by Peter Niemz,Alfred Teischinger,Dick Sandberg Pdf

This handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity. It describes the fundamental wood biology, chemistry and physics, as well as structure-property relations of wood and wood-based materials. The different aspects and steps of wood processing are presented in detail from both a fundamental technological perspective and their realisation in industrial contexts. The discussed industrial processes extend beyond sawmilling and the manufacturing of adhesively bonded wood products to the processing of the various wood-based materials, including pulp and paper, natural fibre materials and aspects of bio-refinery. Core concepts of wood applications, quality and life cycle assessment of this important natural resource are presented. The book concludes with a useful compilation of fundamental material parameters and data as well as a glossary of terms in accordance with the most important industry standards. Written and edited by a truly international team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry, thoroughly reviewed by external colleagues, this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands, as well as providing a summary of state-of-the-art research trends and industrial requirements. It is an invaluable resource for all professionals in research and development, and engineers in practise in the field of wood science and technology.

Author : Heinz Rennenberg,Andrea Polle
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783039215140

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Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Forest Trees by Heinz Rennenberg,Andrea Polle Pdf

As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with a multitude of natural and anthropogenic forms of stress in their environment. Due to their longevity, this is of particular significance for trees. As a consequence, trees develop an orchestra of resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to support their growth and development in a constantly changing atmospheric and pedospheric environment. The objective of this Special Issue of Forests is to summarize state-of-art knowledge and report the current progress on the processes that determine the resilience and resistance of trees from different zonobiomes as well as all forms of biotic and abiotic stress from the molecular to the whole tree level.

Author : David Sandquist
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Poplar
ISBN : MINN:31951D03101538A

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Poplar Wood Formation by David Sandquist Pdf

Author : Roni Aloni
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030532024

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Vascular Differentiation and Plant Hormones by Roni Aloni Pdf

The book is intended as a guide for molecular biology students, equipping them to successfully study plants. It pursues a holistic approach, viewing the whole plant as an integrated operating organism, and is written in a straightforward manner, making it appealing to anyone interested in plants. Further, it reflects the latest findings for scientists and students in the fields of plant sciences, biology, agriculture, forestry, ecology, vascular medicine and cancer, discussing e.g. how hormonal signals induce and regulate simple and complex patterns in plants vascular tissues, their adaptation and evolution. • written by a world-renowned expert who has worked in the field for 50 years • covers the field from the initial studies conducted more than a century ago up to recent studies with up-to-date explanations • describes in details the structure, development, physiology and basic molecular biology of plants’ vascular tissues, their function, regeneration and environmental adaptation • explores the controlling mechanisms of plant vascular differentiation by continuously moving hormonal signals and their precursors • discusses the regulation of stem cells and cambium, control of gradients in vascular cell size along the plant, juvenile-adult transition and rejuvenation, grafting, mechanisms of recovery from bending by reaction wood, evolution of vessels and fibers from tracheids, regulation of ring-porous wood evolution, protecting mechanisms against insects and pathogens, parasitism, plant cancer, and more • helps readers understand the scope and breadth of plant vascular systems in 20 detailed, high-quality chapters • includes a wealth of outstanding original color photographs and illustrations documenting the formation of vascular tissues • provides an in-depth understanding of plant biology by studying their vascular tissues

Author : Bruce J. Zobel,Jackson B. Jett
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3642795161

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Genetics of Wood Production by Bruce J. Zobel,Jackson B. Jett Pdf

Over the past years, a great deal has been learned about variation in wood prop erties. Genetic control is a major source of variation in most wood properties. Wood is controlled genetically both directly in the developmental or internal pro cesses of wood formation and indirectly by the control of tree form and growth patterns. Emphasis in this book will be on the internal control of wood production by genetics although there will be two chapters dealing with the indirect genetic control of wood, which was covered in detail in the previous book by Zobel and van Buijtenen (1989). The literature on the genetics of wood is very variable, SO'lle quite superficial, on which little reliance can be placed, and some from well-designed and correctly executed research. When suitable, near the end of each chapter, there will be a summary with the authors' interpretation of the most important information in the chapter. The literature on the genetics of wood can be quite controversial. This is to be expected, since both the environment and its interaction with the genotype of the tree can have a major effect on wood properties, especially when trees of similar genotypes are grown under widely divergent conditions. Adding to the confusion, studies frequently have been designed and analyzed quite differently, resulting in conflicting assessments of results.

Author : Yasodha Ramasamy,Esteban Galeano,Thwe Thwe Win
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030793111

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The Teak Genome by Yasodha Ramasamy,Esteban Galeano,Thwe Thwe Win Pdf

This book is the first comprehensive compilation of knowledge on teak biology, ecology, clonal forestry, clonal registration, seed biology, and seed orchards. The teak genetic diversity, the sequenced genome, and transcriptomes from different tissues and their implications in modern tree improvement and material selection have been comprehensively discussed. The book also presents a narrative on wood characterization, wood chemistry, modern silviculture, growth and modelling, and economics of this valued tropical species. Altogether, the book contains about 200 pages over 16 chapters authored by globally reputed experts on the relevant field in this tropical tree. This book is useful to students, teachers, and scientists, and wood-based industries are interested in forestry, biology, seed orchards, breeding, genetic diversity, molecular genetics, in vitro culture, wood chemistry, and structural and functional genomics.