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Author : David Sandquist
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Poplar
ISBN : MINN:31951D03101538A
Author : Nigel J Chaffey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203166444
Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of
Author : Jörg Fromm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783642364914
With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors. On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process.
Author : Aileen Kogel
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Göttingen
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783863954451
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient taken up by plants from the soil mainly as nitrate and ammonium. Poplars are fast-growing woody species that use both nitrogen forms for their nutrition. However, little is known how different forms of nitrogen nutrition influence biomass production and wood formation in poplar. The goal of this study was to characterize growth, biomass production, anatomical effects and the regulation of genes involved in wood formation of poplars in response to nitrate or ammonium feeding. A further goal was to characterize a selected candidate gene PtGATA12 functionally using poplar and Arabidopsis as model plants.
Author : Barry Gardiner,John Barnett,Pekka Saranpää,Joseph Gril
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-08
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783642108143
The book is a fundamental reference source on reaction wood for wood scientists and technologists, plant biologists, silviculturists, forest ecologists, and anyone involved in the growing of trees and the processing of wood. It brings together our current understanding of all aspects of reaction wood, and is the first book to discuss both compression wood and tension wood. Trees produce reaction wood to maintain the vertical orientation of their stems and the optimum angle of each branch. They achieve this by laying down fibre cell walls in which differences in physical and chemical structure from those of normal fibres are expressed as differential stresses across the stem or branch. This process, while of obvious value for the survival of the tree, causes serious problems for the utilisation of timber. Timber derived from trees containing significant amounts of reaction wood is subject to dimensional instability on drying, causing twisting, bending and splitting. It is also difficult to work as timber, and for the pulp and paper industry the cost of removing the increased amount of lignin in compression wood is substantial. This has both practical and economic consequences for industry. Understanding the factors controlling reaction wood formation and its effect on wood structure is therefore fundamental to our understanding of the adaptation of trees to their environment and to the sustainable use of wood. The topics covered include: -Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood -Cell-wall polymers in reaction wood and their biosynthesis -Changes in tree proteomes during reaction wood formation -The biomechanical action and biological functions of reaction wood - Physical and mechanical properties of reaction wood from the scale of cell walls to planks -The detection and characterisation of compression wood -Effects of reaction wood on the performance of wood and wood-based products - Commercial implications of reaction wood and the influence of forest management on its formation
Author : Nigel J Chaffey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 858 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134485062
Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of
Author : Jud G. Isebrands,Jim Richardson
Publisher : CABI
Page : 700 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-02-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781780641089
Poplars and willows form an important component of forestry and agricultural systems, providing a wide range of wood and non-wood products. This book synthesizes research on poplars and willows, providing a practical worldwide overview and guide to their basic characteristics, cultivation and use, issues, problems and trends. Prominence is given to environmental benefits and the importance of poplar and willow cultivation in meeting the needs of people and communities, sustainable livelihoods, land use and development.
Author : Ilga Porth
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031507878
Author : Yoon Soo Kim,Ryo Funada,Adya,P, Singh
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128025291
Secondary Xylem Biology: Origins, Functions, and Applications provides readers with many lenses from which to understand the whole scope and breadth of secondary xylem. The book builds on a basic comprehension of xylem structure and development before delving into other important issues such as fungal and bacterial degradation and biofuel conversion. Chapters are written by recognized experts who have in-depth knowledge of their specific areas of expertise. It is a single information source containing high quality content, information, and knowledge related to the understanding of biology in woody plants and their applications. Offers an in-depth understanding of biology in woody plants Includes topics such as abiotic stresses on secondary xylem formation, fungal degradation of cell walls, and secondary xylem for bioconversion Progresses from basic details of wood structure, to dynamics of wood formation, to degradation
Author : Guohua Chai,Taku Demura,Xiaohan Yang,Quanzi Li,Wei Li,Meng-Zhu Lu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889761418
Author : Andrew Groover,Quentin Cronk
Publisher : Springer
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319493299
Marking the change in focus of tree genomics from single species to comparative approaches, this book covers biological, genomic, and evolutionary aspects of angiosperm trees that provide information and perspectives to support researchers broadening the focus of their research. The diversity of angiosperm trees in morphology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry has been described and cataloged by various scientific disciplines, but the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying this diversity have only recently been explored. Excitingly, advances in genomic and sequencing technologies are ushering a new era of research broadly termed comparative genomics, which simultaneously exploits and describes the evolutionary origins and genetic regulation of traits of interest. Within tree genomics, this research is already underway, as the number of complete genome sequences available for angiosperm trees is increasing at an impressive pace and the number of species for which RNAseq data are available is rapidly expanding. Because they are extensively covered by other literature and are rapidly changing, technical and computational approaches—such as the latest sequencing technologies—are not a main focus of this book. Instead, this comprehensive volume provides a valuable, broader view of tree genomics whose relevance will outlive the particulars of current-day technical approaches. The first section of the book discusses background on the evolution and diversification of angiosperm trees, as well as offers description of the salient features and diversity of the unique physiology and wood anatomy of angiosperm trees. The second section explores the two most advanced model angiosperm tree species (poplars and eucalypts) as well as species that are soon to emerge as new models. The third section describes the structural features and evolutionary histories of angiosperm tree genomes, followed by a fourth section focusing on the genomics of traits of biological, ecological, and economic interest. In summary, this book is a timely and well-referenced foundational resource for the forest tree community looking to embrace comparative approaches for the study of angiosperm trees.
Author : John M. Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642737794
It is widely recognized that spiral grain in trees severely reduces the value of sawn timber through warping and loss of strength, and that it also causes problems for other wood uses as diverse as transmission poles or plywood. Yet, paradoxically, there are highly valued grain patterns including wavy and interlocked grain, whose origins in the cambium invite direct comparison with those of spiral grain, so that many authorities believe them to be related phenomena. In recent years this concept has prompted extensive research into the anatomy, genetics, and physiology of all such grain patterns in wood. As a result it has become apparent that tree cambia provide excellent systems through which to study the origins of stem polarity and the complex processes of morphogenetic control in plants. Beside these and other pressing topics for research, the book examines methods of measuring grain deviations, and considers their influence on wood properties, on the economics of timber production, and on wood manufacturing.
Author : Jenny Maria Hellgren
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Auxin
ISBN : MINN:31951D02264582T
Author : Kishan Gopal Ramawat,Jean-Michel Merillon,M. R. Ahuja
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781466597150
Forest trees cover 30% of the earth's land surface, providing renewable fuel, wood, timber, shelter, fruits, leaves, bark, roots, and are source of medicinal products in addition to benefits such as carbon sequestration, water shed protection, and habitat for 1/3 of terrestrial species. However, the genetic analysis and breeding of trees has lagged
Author : Ursula Kües
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Göttingen
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Forest products industry
ISBN : 9783940344113
In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.