Censored Hollywood

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Hollywood Censored

Gregory D. Black
Hollywood Censored Book PDF

Author : Gregory D. Black
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 0521565928

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Hollywood Censored by Gregory D. Black Pdf

After a series of sex scandals rocked the film industry in 1922, movie moguls hired Will Hays to clear the image of movies. Hays tried a variety of ways to regulate movies before adopting what became known as the production code. Written in 1930 by a St Louis priest, the code stipulated that movies stress proper behaviour, respect for government, and 'Christian values'. The Catholic Church reinforced these efforts by launching its Legion of Decency in 1934. Intended to force Hays and Hollywood to censor films, the Legion of Decency engineered the appointment of Joseph Breen as head of the Production Code Administration. For the next three decades, Breen, Hays, and the Catholic Legion of Decency virtually controlled the content of all Hollywood films.

Censored Hollywood

Frank Miller
Censored Hollywood Book PDF

Author : Frank Miller
Publisher : Turner Publications Incorporated
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Motion pictures
ISBN : UCSC:32106018971223

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Censored Hollywood by Frank Miller Pdf

Sex and violence have been part of films right from the start. Guns were brandished in the first widely-viewed movie, The Great Train Robbery. Jean Harlow, Bette Davis, and Barbara Stanwyck are a few of the stars whose early roles, while modest by today's standards, garnered backlash from critics and the public alike. Here is the history of Hollywood's notorious Production Code, the film industry's attempts at self-regulation, and the development of the present-day rating system. Examines how film censorship reflects the morals, sexuality, and politics prevalent in society during each decade of the past century, and explores how violence has replaced sex as the target of censorship today. Photos.

Hollywood's Censor

Thomas Doherty
Hollywood s Censor Book PDF

Author : Thomas Doherty
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-31
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780231512848

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Hollywood's Censor by Thomas Doherty Pdf

From 1934 to 1954 Joseph I. Breen, a media-savvy Victorian Irishman, reigned over the Production Code Administration, the Hollywood office tasked with censoring the American screen. Though little known outside the ranks of the studio system, this former journalist and public relations agent was one of the most powerful men in the motion picture industry. As enforcer of the puritanical Production Code, Breen dictated "final cut" over more movies than anyone in the history of American cinema. His editorial decisions profoundly influenced the images and values projected by Hollywood during the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. Cultural historian Thomas Doherty tells the absorbing story of Breen's ascent to power and the widespread effects of his reign. Breen vetted story lines, blue-penciled dialogue, and excised footage (a process that came to be known as "Breening") to fit the demands of his strict moral framework. Empowered by industry insiders and millions of like-minded Catholics who supported his missionary zeal, Breen strove to protect innocent souls from the temptations beckoning from the motion picture screen. There were few elements of cinematic production beyond Breen's reach he oversaw the editing of A-list feature films, low-budget B movies, short subjects, previews of coming attractions, and even cartoons. Populated by a colorful cast of characters, including Catholic priests, Jewish moguls, visionary auteurs, hardnosed journalists, and bluenose agitators, Doherty's insightful, behind-the-scenes portrait brings a tumultuous era and an individual both feared and admired to vivid life.

Censoring Hollywood

Aubrey Malone
Censoring Hollywood Book PDF

Author : Aubrey Malone
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-10
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780786489398

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Censoring Hollywood by Aubrey Malone Pdf

Censorship has been an ongoing issue from the early days of filmmaking. One hundred years of film censorship, encompassing the entire 20th century, are chronicled in this work. The freewheeling nature of films in the early decades was profoundly affected by Prohibition, the Depression and the formation of the Legion of Decency--culminating in a new age of restrictiveness in the movies. Such powerful arbiters of public taste as Will H. Hays of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America and Joseph Breen of the Production Code Association fomented an era whereby films with contentious material were severely censored or even condemned. This held sway until rebellious filmmakers like Otto Preminger challenged the system in the 1950s, eventually resulting in the abandonment of the old regime in favor of the contemporary "G" through "NC-17" ratings system.

Controlling Hollywood

Matthew Bernstein
Controlling Hollywood Book PDF

Author : Matthew Bernstein
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0485300923

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Controlling Hollywood by Matthew Bernstein Pdf

Explaining the major forces at play behind the making of Hollywood films, this text assesses how changing values have influenced censorship in Hollywood. The text also analyses the major cultural, social, legal and religious changes and their effect on Hollywood.

Sex and Violence

Tom Pollard
Sex and Violence Book PDF

Author : Tom Pollard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2015-11-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317252207

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Sex and Violence by Tom Pollard Pdf

Sex and Violence examines the history and social dynamics of film censorship in the United States. It examines censorship controversies throughout film history, from the beginning of cinema in the 1890s to the present. The book focuses both on formal censorship systems, including state and local censorship boards and industry self-regulation efforts, to unofficial censorship rendered by pressure groups and powerful social movements. It probes beneath the official rhetoric and explanations, revealing sensitive, festering controversies. The book critically examines dozens of Hollywood's most controversial (and interesting) movies, focusing on recurring issues and censorship themes. The book reveals the social and political processes of vetting films and their effect on film form and content. In addition, it examines the use of sexuality and violence in movies and the effects of movie censorship on those issues. Finally, it analyzes and makes recommendations for dramatic changes in motion picture ratings.

Operation Hollywood

David L. Robb
Operation Hollywood Book PDF

Author : David L. Robb
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114315919

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Operation Hollywood by David L. Robb Pdf

Directors of war and action movies receive access to billions of dollars worth of military equipment and personnel, but it comes with a hidden cost. As a veteran Hollywood journalist shows, the final product is often not just what the director intends but also what the powers-that-be in the military want to project about America's armed forces.

Hitchcock and the Censors

John Billheimer
Hitchcock and the Censors Book PDF

Author : John Billheimer
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780813177434

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Hitchcock and the Censors by John Billheimer Pdf

Edgar Award Winner: This lively account of the director’s battles with the Code Office is “an essential addition to any Hitchcock shelf” (Mystery Scene Magazine). From 1934 to 1968, the Motion Picture Production Code Office controlled the content and final cut on all films made and distributed in the United States. Code officials protected sensitive ears from standard four-letter words, as well as a few five-letter words like tramp and six-letter words like cripes. They also scrubbed “excessively lustful” kissing from the screen and ensured that no criminal went unpunished. Thus, throughout his career, Alfred Hitchcock had to deal with a wide variety of censors attuned to the slightest suggestion of sexual innuendo, undue violence, toilet humor, religious disrespect, and all forms of indecency, real or imagined. During their review of Hitchcock’s films, the censors demanded an average of 22.5 changes, ranging from the mundane to the mind-boggling, on each of his American films. Code reviewers dictated the ending of Rebecca, absolved Cary Grant of guilt in Suspicion, edited Cole Porter’s lyrics in Stage Fright, decided which shades should be drawn in Rear Window, and shortened the shower scene in Psycho. In Hitchcock and the Censors, John Billheimer traces the forces that led to the Production Code and describes Hitchcock’s interactions with code officials on a film-by-film basis as he fought to protect his creations, bargaining with code reviewers and sidestepping censorship to produce a lifetime of memorable films. Despite the often-arbitrary decisions of the code board, Hitchcock still managed to push the boundaries of sex and violence permitted in films by charming—and occasionally tricking—the censors and by swapping off bits of dialogue, plot points, and individual shots (some of which had been deliberately inserted as trading chips) to protect cherished scenes and images. By examining Hitchcock’s priorities in dealing with the censors, this work highlights the director’s theories of suspense as well as his magician-like touch when negotiating with code officials.

Film Censorship in America

Jeremy Geltzer
Film Censorship in America Book PDF

Author : Jeremy Geltzer
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-28
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781476630120

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Film Censorship in America by Jeremy Geltzer Pdf

Since the first films played in nickelodeons, controversial movies have been cut or banned across the United States. Far from Hollywood, regional productions such as Oscar Micheaux's provocative race films and Nell Shipman's wildlife adventures were censored by men like Major M.L.C. Funkhouser, the terror of Chicago's cinemas, and Myrtelle Snell, the Alabama administrator who made the slogan "Banned in Birmingham" famous. Censorship continues today, with Utah's case against Deadpool (2016) pending in federal court and Robert Rodriguez's Machete Kills (2013) versus the Texas Film Commission. This authoritative state-by-state account covers the history of film censorship and the battle for free speech in America.

Hollywood's Last Golden Age

Jonathan Kirshner
Hollywood s Last Golden Age Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Kirshner
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-15
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780801465406

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Hollywood's Last Golden Age by Jonathan Kirshner Pdf

Between 1967 and 1976 a number of extraordinary factors converged to produce an uncommonly adventurous era in the history of American film. The end of censorship, the decline of the studio system, economic changes in the industry, and demographic shifts among audiences, filmmakers, and critics created an unprecedented opportunity for a new type of Hollywood movie, one that Jonathan Kirshner identifies as the "seventies film." In Hollywood's Last Golden Age, Kirshner shows the ways in which key films from this period—including Chinatown, Five Easy Pieces, The Graduate, and Nashville, as well as underappreciated films such as The Friends of Eddie Coyle, Klute, and Night Moves—were important works of art in continuous dialogue with the political, social, personal, and philosophical issues of their times. These "seventies films" reflected the era's social and political upheavals: the civil rights movement, the domestic consequences of the Vietnam war, the sexual revolution, women's liberation, the end of the long postwar economic boom, the Shakespearean saga of the Nixon Administration and Watergate. Hollywood films, in this brief, exceptional moment, embraced a new aesthetic and a new approach to storytelling, creating self-consciously gritty, character-driven explorations of moral and narrative ambiguity. Although the rise of the blockbuster in the second half of the 1970s largely ended Hollywood’s embrace of more challenging films, Kirshner argues that seventies filmmakers showed that it was possible to combine commercial entertainment with serious explorations of politics, society, and characters’ interior lives.

Hollywood V. Hard Core

Jon Lewis
Hollywood V Hard Core Book PDF

Author : Jon Lewis
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2002-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780814751435

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Hollywood V. Hard Core by Jon Lewis Pdf

An intriguing look at how the American film industry imposed the rating system upon itself to control competition from films independently produced and distributed.

Hollywood Diplomacy

Hye Seung Chung
Hollywood Diplomacy Book PDF

Author : Hye Seung Chung
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-28
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781978801578

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Hollywood Diplomacy by Hye Seung Chung Pdf

Hollywood Diplomacy contends that, rather than simply reflect the West’s cultural fantasies of an imagined “Orient,” images of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ethnicities have long been contested sites where the commercial interests of Hollywood studios and the political mandates of U.S. foreign policy collide, compete against one another, and often become compromised in the process. While tracing both Hollywood’s internal foreign relations protocols—from the “Open Door” policy of the silent era to the “National Feelings” provision of the Production Code—and external regulatory interventions by the Chinese government, the U.S. State Department, the Office of War Information, and the Department of Defense, Hye Seung Chung reevaluates such American classics as Shanghai Express and The Great Dictator and applies historical insights to the controversies surrounding contemporary productions including Die Another Day and The Interview. This richly detailed book redefines the concept of “creative freedom” in the context of commerce: shifting focus away from the artistic entitlement to offend foreign audiences toward the opportunity to build new, better relationships with partners around the world through diplomatic representations of race, ethnicity, and nationality.

Censored Screams

Tom Johnson
Censored Screams Book PDF

Author : Tom Johnson
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2006-07-05
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780786427314

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Censored Screams by Tom Johnson Pdf

As Dracula (1931) and Frankenstein (1931) ushered in the golden age of horror films in the United States, studios and distributors were faced with a major problem in their number one overseas market: the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) were demanding extensive cuts, enforcing age restrictions, and banning outright many of Hollywood's horror movies. The issue most often used to limit the showing of horror films was their "unsuitability" to children. With that in mind, the BBFC developed specific film codes--the "A" (for adults) and the "H" (for horrific), both of which restricted viewing to those 16 or older--and then applied them liberally. This work examines how and why horror films were censored or banned in the United Kingdom, and the part these actions played in ending Hollywood's golden age of horror.

Race, Gender, and Film Censorship in Virginia, 1922–1965

Melissa Ooten
Race Gender and Film Censorship in Virginia 1922 1965 Book PDF

Author : Melissa Ooten
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780739190302

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Race, Gender, and Film Censorship in Virginia, 1922–1965 by Melissa Ooten Pdf

This book chronicles the history of movie censorship in Virginia from the 1920s to 1960s. At its most basic level, it analyzes the project of state film censorship in Virginia. It uses the contestations surrounding film censorship as a framework for more fully understanding the dominant political, economic, and cultural hierarchies that structured Virginia and much of the New South in the mid-twentieth century and ways in which citizens contested these prevailing structures. This study highlights the centrality of gendered and racialized discourses in the debates over the movies and the broader regulatory power of the state. It particularly emphasizes ways in which issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed debates over popular culture in the South. It ties the regulation of racial and sexual boundaries in other areas such as public facilities, schools, public transportation, the voting booth, and residential housing to ways in which censors regulated those same boundaries in popular culture. This book shows how the same racialized and gendered social norms and legal codes that placed audience members in different theater spaces also informed ways in which what they viewed on-screen had been mediated by state officials. Ultimately, this study shows how Virginia’s officials attempted to use the project of film censorship as the cultural arm of regulation to further buttress the state’s political and economic hierarchies of the time period and the ways in various citizens and community groups supported and challenged these hierarchies across the censorship board’s forty-three-year history.

Hollywood's Representations of the Sino-Tibetan Conflict

J. Daccache,B. Valeriano
Hollywood s Representations of the Sino Tibetan Conflict Book PDF

Author : J. Daccache,B. Valeriano
Publisher : Springer
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781137290489

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Hollywood's Representations of the Sino-Tibetan Conflict by J. Daccache,B. Valeriano Pdf

Using film as a lens though which we can witness the global transformations in politics, economy, culture, and communication, this book analyzes Hollywood's shift in its depictions of China and Tibet.