Hollywood S Censor

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Hollywood's Censor

Author : Thomas Doherty
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-31
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780231512848

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Hollywood's Censor by Thomas Doherty Pdf

From 1934 to 1954 Joseph I. Breen, a media-savvy Victorian Irishman, reigned over the Production Code Administration, the Hollywood office tasked with censoring the American screen. Though little known outside the ranks of the studio system, this former journalist and public relations agent was one of the most powerful men in the motion picture industry. As enforcer of the puritanical Production Code, Breen dictated "final cut" over more movies than anyone in the history of American cinema. His editorial decisions profoundly influenced the images and values projected by Hollywood during the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. Cultural historian Thomas Doherty tells the absorbing story of Breen's ascent to power and the widespread effects of his reign. Breen vetted story lines, blue-penciled dialogue, and excised footage (a process that came to be known as "Breening") to fit the demands of his strict moral framework. Empowered by industry insiders and millions of like-minded Catholics who supported his missionary zeal, Breen strove to protect innocent souls from the temptations beckoning from the motion picture screen. There were few elements of cinematic production beyond Breen's reach he oversaw the editing of A-list feature films, low-budget B movies, short subjects, previews of coming attractions, and even cartoons. Populated by a colorful cast of characters, including Catholic priests, Jewish moguls, visionary auteurs, hardnosed journalists, and bluenose agitators, Doherty's insightful, behind-the-scenes portrait brings a tumultuous era and an individual both feared and admired to vivid life.

Censoring Hollywood

Author : Aubrey Malone
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-10
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780786489398

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Censoring Hollywood by Aubrey Malone Pdf

Censorship has been an ongoing issue from the early days of filmmaking. One hundred years of film censorship, encompassing the entire 20th century, are chronicled in this work. The freewheeling nature of films in the early decades was profoundly affected by Prohibition, the Depression and the formation of the Legion of Decency--culminating in a new age of restrictiveness in the movies. Such powerful arbiters of public taste as Will H. Hays of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America and Joseph Breen of the Production Code Association fomented an era whereby films with contentious material were severely censored or even condemned. This held sway until rebellious filmmakers like Otto Preminger challenged the system in the 1950s, eventually resulting in the abandonment of the old regime in favor of the contemporary "G" through "NC-17" ratings system.

Operation Hollywood

Author : David L. Robb
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114315919

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Operation Hollywood by David L. Robb Pdf

Directors of war and action movies receive access to billions of dollars worth of military equipment and personnel, but it comes with a hidden cost. As a veteran Hollywood journalist shows, the final product is often not just what the director intends but also what the powers-that-be in the military want to project about America's armed forces.

Sex and Violence

Author : Tom Pollard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317252207

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Sex and Violence by Tom Pollard Pdf

Sex and Violence examines the history and social dynamics of film censorship in the United States. It examines censorship controversies throughout film history, from the beginning of cinema in the 1890s to the present. The book focuses both on formal censorship systems, including state and local censorship boards and industry self-regulation efforts, to unofficial censorship rendered by pressure groups and powerful social movements. It probes beneath the official rhetoric and explanations, revealing sensitive, festering controversies. The book critically examines dozens of Hollywood's most controversial (and interesting) movies, focusing on recurring issues and censorship themes. The book reveals the social and political processes of vetting films and their effect on film form and content. In addition, it examines the use of sexuality and violence in movies and the effects of movie censorship on those issues. Finally, it analyzes and makes recommendations for dramatic changes in motion picture ratings.

Film Censorship in America

Author : Jeremy Geltzer
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-28
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781476630120

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Film Censorship in America by Jeremy Geltzer Pdf

Since the first films played in nickelodeons, controversial movies have been cut or banned across the United States. Far from Hollywood, regional productions such as Oscar Micheaux's provocative race films and Nell Shipman's wildlife adventures were censored by men like Major M.L.C. Funkhouser, the terror of Chicago's cinemas, and Myrtelle Snell, the Alabama administrator who made the slogan "Banned in Birmingham" famous. Censorship continues today, with Utah's case against Deadpool (2016) pending in federal court and Robert Rodriguez's Machete Kills (2013) versus the Texas Film Commission. This authoritative state-by-state account covers the history of film censorship and the battle for free speech in America.

Movie Censorship and American Culture

Author : Francis G. Couvares
Publisher : Univ of Massachusetts Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 1558495754

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Movie Censorship and American Culture by Francis G. Couvares Pdf

From the earliest days of public outrage over "indecent" nickelodeon shows, Americans have worried about the power of the movies. The eleven essays in this book examine nearly a century of struggle over cinematic representations of sex, crime, violence, religion, race, and ethnicity, revealing that the effort to regulate the screen has reflected deep social and cultural schisms. In addition to the editor, contributors include Daniel Czitrom, Marybeth Hamilton, Garth Jowett, Charles Lyons, Richard Maltby, Charles Musser, Alison M. Parker, Charlene Regester, Ruth Vasey, and Stephen Vaughn. Together they make it clear that censoring the movies is more than just a reflex against "indecency," however defined. Whether censorship protects the vulnerable or suppresses the creative, it is part of a broader culture war that breaks out recurrently as Americans try to come to terms with the market, the state, and the plural society in which they live.

Controlling Hollywood

Author : Matthew Bernstein
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0485300923

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Controlling Hollywood by Matthew Bernstein Pdf

Explaining the major forces at play behind the making of Hollywood films, this text assesses how changing values have influenced censorship in Hollywood. The text also analyses the major cultural, social, legal and religious changes and their effect on Hollywood.

Hollywood v. Hard Core

Author : Jon Lewis
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2002-09-01
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780814729335

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Hollywood v. Hard Core by Jon Lewis Pdf

A tale of censorship and regulation at the heart of the modern film industry In 1972, The Godfather and Deep Throat were the two most popular films in the country. One, a major Hollywood studio production, the other an independently made "skin flick." At that moment, Jon Lewis asserts, the fate of the American film industry hung in the balance. Spanning the 20th century, Hollywood v. Hard Core weaves a gripping tale of censorship and regulation. Since the industry's infancy, film producers and distributors have publicly regarded ratings codes as a necessary evil. Hollywood regulates itself, we have been told, to prevent the government from doing it for them. But Lewis argues that the studios self-regulate because they are convinced it is good for business, and that censorship codes and regulations are a crucial part of what binds the various competing agencies in the film business together. Yet between 1968 and 1973 Hollywood films were faltering at the box office, and the major studios were in deep trouble. Hollywood's principal competition came from a body of independently produced and distributed films—from foreign art house film Last Tango in Paris to hard-core pornography like Behind the Green Door—that were at once disreputable and, for a moment at least, irresistible, even chic. In response, Hollywood imposed the industry-wide MPAA film rating system (the origins of the G, PG, and R designations we have today) that pushed sexually explicit films outside the mainstream, and a series of Supreme Court decisions all but outlawed the theatrical exhibition of hard core pornographic films. Together, these events allowed Hollywood to consolidate its iron grip over what films got made and where they were shown, thus saving it from financial ruin.

Censored Hollywood

Author : Frank Miller
Publisher : Turner Publications Incorporated
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Motion pictures
ISBN : UCSC:32106018971223

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Censored Hollywood by Frank Miller Pdf

Sex and violence have been part of films right from the start. Guns were brandished in the first widely-viewed movie, The Great Train Robbery. Jean Harlow, Bette Davis, and Barbara Stanwyck are a few of the stars whose early roles, while modest by today's standards, garnered backlash from critics and the public alike. Here is the history of Hollywood's notorious Production Code, the film industry's attempts at self-regulation, and the development of the present-day rating system. Examines how film censorship reflects the morals, sexuality, and politics prevalent in society during each decade of the past century, and explores how violence has replaced sex as the target of censorship today. Photos.

Film Censorship

Author : Sheri Chinen Biesen
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-28
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780231851138

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Film Censorship by Sheri Chinen Biesen Pdf

Film Censorship is a concise overview of Hollywood censorship and efforts to regulate American films. It provides a lean introductory survey of U.S. cinema censorship from the pre-Code years and classic studio system Golden Age—in which film censorship thrived—to contemporary Hollywood. From the earliest days of cinema, movies faced controversy over screen images and threats of censorship. This volume draws extensively on primary research from motion picture archives to unveil the fascinating behind-the-scenes history of cinema censorship and explore how Hollywood responded to censorial constraints on screen content in a changing American cultural and industrial landscape. This primer on American film censorship considers the historical evolution of motion-picture censorship in the United States spanning the Jazz Age Prohibition era, lobbying by religious groups against Hollywood, industry self-censorship for the Hays Office, federal propaganda efforts during wartime, easing of regulation in the 1950s and 1960s, the MPAA ratings system, and the legacy of censorship in later years. Case studies include The Outlaw, The Postman Always Rings Twice, Scarface, Double Indemnity, Psycho, Bonnie and Clyde, Midnight Cowboy, and The Exorcist, among many others.

Hollywood Censored

Author : Gregory D. Black
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 0521565928

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Hollywood Censored by Gregory D. Black Pdf

After a series of sex scandals rocked the film industry in 1922, movie moguls hired Will Hays to clear the image of movies. Hays tried a variety of ways to regulate movies before adopting what became known as the production code. Written in 1930 by a St Louis priest, the code stipulated that movies stress proper behaviour, respect for government, and 'Christian values'. The Catholic Church reinforced these efforts by launching its Legion of Decency in 1934. Intended to force Hays and Hollywood to censor films, the Legion of Decency engineered the appointment of Joseph Breen as head of the Production Code Administration. For the next three decades, Breen, Hays, and the Catholic Legion of Decency virtually controlled the content of all Hollywood films.

Obscene, Indecent, Immoral & Offensive

Author : Stephen Tropiano
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780879104542

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Obscene, Indecent, Immoral & Offensive by Stephen Tropiano Pdf

This entertaining and insightful book is the first devoted exclusively to the films that have earned a special place in motion picture history by pushing the “cinematic envelope” with their treatment of provocative subjects and themes. Obscene, Indecent, Immoral & Offensive: 100+ Years of Controversial Cinema chronicles the history of Hollywood censorship and the films that were banned, censored, and condemned by the Production Code Administration and the Legion of Decency. Stephen Tropiano offers readers insightful and accessible analysis of films that were branded “controversial” at the time of their release due to explicit language, nudity, graphic sex, violence, and their treatment of “adult” subject matter and themes. The films profiled include The Birth of a Nation, Anatomy of a Murder, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Baby Doll, Blackboard Jungle, Bonnie and Clyde, The Wild Bunch, A Clockwork Orange, Natural Born Killers, Caligula, Rosemary's Baby, Life of Brian, The Last Temptation of Christ, and The Passion of the Christ.

The Dame in the Kimono

Author : Leonard J. Leff,Jerold Simmons
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : PSU:000018770988

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The Dame in the Kimono by Leonard J. Leff,Jerold Simmons Pdf

A valuable and thoroughly researched history of Hollywood censorship.--The Philadelphia Inquirer. As the debate over the current movie rating system rages, no book could be more topical than this. Using 12 movies to explore the history and implementation of the Motion Picture Production Code, the authors combine a lively style with provocative insights and a wealth of fascinating anecdotes to show how this sytem helped shape screen content for nearly 50 years of American life. 16-page photo insert.

“The American public wants its movies passionate but pure”. The Question of Morality in American Film Censorship of the 1920s

Author : Amelie Meyer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9783346143570

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“The American public wants its movies passionate but pure”. The Question of Morality in American Film Censorship of the 1920s by Amelie Meyer Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject History - America, grade: 1,0, University of Göttingen (Seminar für Mittlere und Neuere Geschichte), course: The "Roaring Twenties": Die Massenkultur der 1920er Jahre in transatlantischer Perspektive, language: English, abstract: For as long as there have been moving pictures, there have also been attempts to regulate their content. The first court case surrounding moving pictures has been recorded as early as 1897 and many more were to follow. While film was thus always subjected to scrutiny from various groups, the 1920s saw a more fervent battle for control over censorship which resulted in the formation of the 1930 Production Code remaining in effect until 1968. Lee Grieveson’s study Policing Cinema: Movies and Censorship in Early-Twentieth-Century America comprehensively describes long-lasting battles over movie content regulation and the discussion of the function of cinema. Yet, he is among many scholars who sees the 1915 Supreme Court decision in the case “Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio” as the culmination of these struggles as it proved “the validity of state censorship.” Justice McKenna is quoted ruling that “the exhibition of moving picture is a business, pure and simple, originated and conducted for profit, like other spectacles, not to be regarded ... as part of the press of the country, or as organs of the public opinion.” This ruling was not only significant for the increased state and city censorship which followed, but it also fueled censorship demands by various parties including religious groups, social reformers, politicians, and journalists who all called for the elusive concept of morality. The road from this first ruling which titled the film industry as a business to be regulated towards a formal censorship with the aim of restoring morality manifested in the so-called Production Code in 1934 will be the focus of this paper. The first part will consist of an analysis of the various parties involved in the attempt to regulate movie content in order to expose the individual motives behind their requests as well as their practices to reach their goal of censorship. The following part will then deal with the question of how well the reformers were able to realize their goal of censoring the movies during the first years of the 1920s. The questions posed above will mainly be studied on the basis of guiding works written by Gregory D. Black, Francis G. Couvares, Stephen Vaughn, Lee Grieveson and Leonard J. Leff. Analyzed sources will include newspaper articles, state review board standards, studies on audience behavior, and an original text written by a direct participant of the 1920 censorship struggle, MPPDA president William Hays.

Breaking the Code

Author : Nat Segaloff
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-15
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781493074891

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Breaking the Code by Nat Segaloff Pdf

Breaking the Code reveals the efforts of director-producer Otto Preminger to bring his aesthetic vision to the screen even if it meant challenging the Production Code, a system of self-censorship that shaped the movies during the four decades it was in force. Along the way, Preminger sent shock waves through Hollywood and a network of exhibitors, publishers, and religious leaders who had personal, and even financial, stakes in the repression of artistic freedom. The process of telling this story began in 2003 when Arnie Reisman and Nat Segaloff thought it might be interesting to write a play about Preminger's efforts to get a Code seal for his 1954 romantic comedy The Moon is Blue, based on F. Hugh Herbert's 1951 play. In those days, no film could be shown that did not receive authorization from the Production Code Administration, and his film was deemed too "adult" for even adults to see. Preminger was met with opposition from administrator, Joseph Breen, who was prepared to go to war to save the rest of the country from its sensibilities. Along with their play Code Blue, which dramatizes the clash between these two evenly matched but wildly disparate titans, Breaking the Code chronicles the battle between Otto Preminger and the Code. Between 1953 and 1962, he fought the censorship of The Moon Is Blue, The Man with the Golden Arm, Anatomy of a Murder, and Advise and Consent. The details of each skirmish vary, but they cover the same issues: art versus commerce, freedom of speech versus censorship, and money versus principle. Times may have changed, but these battles continue. Breaking the Code is an attempt to go back and see how the walls can be made to crumble.