Children As Research Subjects Science Ethics And Law

Author : Program in Medical Ethics Michael A. Grodin Director,Leonard H. Glantz Associate Director and Professor of Health Law both at the Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1994-02-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0199771421

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Children As Research Subjects : Science, Ethics, and Law by Program in Medical Ethics Michael A. Grodin Director,Leonard H. Glantz Associate Director and Professor of Health Law both at the Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health Pdf

Is using children as research subjects ever justified? Are there limits to such use? Does the fact that children are medically and psychosocially different from adults have implications for research? What can we learn from the history of the use and abuse of children as research subjects? Do parents have the authority to volunteer their children for research projects? How should children participate in the decision to be involved in research? How should research risks be assessed and balanced? These perplexing questions and others are addressed by a distinguished group of experts in the field of biomedical and behavioral research with children. This book adopts an integrated multidisciplinary approach which uses science, ethics, and law as guides for exploring these most difficult issues. The tension between acquiring important new knowledge and fulfilling the obligation to protect children from exploitation and harm is a recurring theme. As the first book to be devoted solely to the science, ethics, and law of research with children, it is an indispensable resource to physicians, psychologists, educators, lawyers, ethicists, Institutional Review Board members, child advocates and others involved in performing or reviewing research with children.

Author : Richard H. Nicholson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UOM:39015010144122

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Medical Research with Children by Richard H. Nicholson Pdf

Should children be excluded from medical research? Some child rights activists argue that no child should ever be used for research, while many physicians claim that health care for children will not improve without such experimentation. This informative study examines the legal and ethical basis for carrying out research on children, discussing such factors as the distinction between therapeutic and nontherapeutic research, the nature of risk in medical research, and the degree to which children can make responsible decisions regarding research on themselves. A thoughtful, lucid consideration of an important issue in medical ethics, this book will be of interest to all doctors working in medical research, and to pediatricians, moral philosophers, family lawyers, child welfare proponents, and interested lay people.

Author : Ann Farrell
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-16
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780335224982

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Ethical research with children by Ann Farrell Pdf

This book focuses on doing ethical research with children in today's climate of increased globalization, surveillance and awareness of children as competent research participants. It covers a range of conceptual, methodological and procedural issues, and provides a framework for doing ethical research with children. Written by international experts in the fields of early childhood research and ethics, this book supports students, practitioner-researchers and research gatekeepers with resources on how to conduct and evaluate ethical research with children. The contributors: Use key examples of cutting-edge research from a range of countries to examine research ethics with children and those around them Provide strategies for planning, conducting and evaluating research in an ethical way Explore theoretical approaches to children and childhood that are relevant to ethical research Ethical Research with Children is key reading for students in childhood studies, teacher education, public health, nursing, human services, legal studies, psychology and social sciences, as well as practitioner-researchers in these fields.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Clinical Research Involving Children
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2004-07-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309133388

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Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Clinical Research Involving Children Pdf

In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save or lengthen the lives of children around the world. With improved therapies, child and adolescent mortality rates have decreased significantly in the last half century. Despite these advances, pediatricians and others argue that children have not shared equally with adults in biomedical advances. Even though we want children to benefit from the dramatic and accelerating rate of progress in medical care that has been fueled by scientific research, we do not want to place children at risk of being harmed by participating in clinical studies. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children considers the necessities and challenges of this type of research and reviews the ethical and legal standards for conducting it. It also considers problems with the interpretation and application of these standards and conduct, concluding that while children should not be excluded from potentially beneficial clinical studies, some research that is ethically permissible for adults is not acceptable for children, who usually do not have the legal capacity or maturity to make informed decisions about research participation. The book looks at the need for appropriate pediatric expertise at all stages of the design, review, and conduct of a research project to effectively implement policies to protect children. It argues persuasively that a robust system for protecting human research participants in general is a necessary foundation for protecting child research participants in particular.

Author : Priscilla Alderson,Virginia Morrow
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-31
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781446209387

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The Ethics of Research with Children and Young People by Priscilla Alderson,Virginia Morrow Pdf

Ethical questions are at the centre of research with children and young people. This clear and practical text informs students and researchers about the relevant laws and guidelines and current debates in research ethics. Priscilla Alderson and Virginia Morrow cover ethics at every stage of research, and with all kinds of young research participants, particularly those who are vulnerable or neglected. They break down the process of research into ten stages, each with its own set of related questions and problems, and they show how these need to be addressed. This practical book is essential reading for anyone who conducts or reviews research with children or young people. Priscilla Alderson is Emerita Professor of Childhood Studies at the Institute of Education University of London. Virginia Morrow is Senior Research Officer in the Department of International Development, University of Oxford.

Author : Eric Kodish,Robert M. Nelson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190647254

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Ethics and Research with Children by Eric Kodish,Robert M. Nelson Pdf

Fundamental questions about the morality of pediatric medical research persist despite years of debate and the establishment of strict codes of ethics. Is it ever permissible to use a child as a means to an end? How much authority should parents have over decisions about research involving their children? Should children or their parents be paid for participation in research? Most importantly, how can the twin goals of access to the benefits of clinical research and protection from research risk be reconciled? Promoting more thoughtful attention to the complex ethical problems that arise when research involves children, this fully updated new edition of Ethics and Research with Children presents 14 case studies featuring some of the most challenging and fascinating ethical dilemmas in pediatric research. Each chapter begins with a unique case vignette, followed by rich discussion and incisive ethical analysis. Chapters represent a host of current controversies and are contributed by leading scholars from a variety of disciplines that must grapple with how to best protect children from research risk while driving innovation in the fight against childhood diseases. Chapters end with questions for discussion, providing faculty and students with accessible starting points from which to explore more in depth the thorny issues that are raised. In the final chapter, the editors provide a synthesis and summary that serve as a capstone and companion to the case-based chapters. Unique in its specific focus on research, Ethics and Research with Children provides a balanced and thorough account of the enduring dilemmas that arise when children become research subjects, and will be essential reading for those involved with pediatric research in any context.

Author : United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Children
ISBN : UOM:39015004345826

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Appendix to Report and Recommendations, Research Involving Children by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf

Author : Holly Fernandez Lynch,Barbara E. Bierer,I. Glenn Cohen,Suzanne M. Rivera
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262036108

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Specimen Science by Holly Fernandez Lynch,Barbara E. Bierer,I. Glenn Cohen,Suzanne M. Rivera Pdf

Advances in medicine often depend on the effective collection, storage, research use, and sharing of human biological specimens and associated data. But what about the sources of such specimens? When a blood specimen is drawn from a vein in your arm, is that specimen still you? Is it your property, intellectual or otherwise? Should you be allowed not only to consent to its use in research but also to specify under what circumstances it may be used? These and other questions are at the center of a vigorous debate over the use of human biospecimens in research. In this book, experts offer legal, regulatory, and ethical perspectives on balancing social benefit and human autonomy in biospecimen research. After discussing the background to current debates as well as several influential cases, including that of Henrietta Lacks, the contributors consider the rights, obligations, risks, and privacy of the specimen source; different types of informed consent under consideration (broad, blanket, and specific); implications for special patient and researcher communities; and the governance of biospecimen repositories and the responsibilities of investigators.

Author : United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 630 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Children
ISBN : STANFORD:36105061003377

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Research Involving Children by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf

Author : Ezekiel J. Emanuel,Christine C. Grady,Robert A. Crouch,Reidar K. Lie,Franklin G. Miller
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 848 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199768639

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The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics by Ezekiel J. Emanuel,Christine C. Grady,Robert A. Crouch,Reidar K. Lie,Franklin G. Miller Pdf

The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics is the first comprehensive and systematic reference on clinical research ethics. Under the editorship of experts from the U.S. National Institutes of Health of the United States, the book's 73 chapters offer a wide-ranging and systematic examination of all aspects of research with human beings. Considering the historical triumphs of research as well as its tragedies, the textbook provides a framework for analyzing the ethical aspects of research studies with human beings. Through both conceptual analysis and systematic reviews of empirical data, the contributors examine issues ranging from scientific validity, fair subject selection, risk benefit ratio, independent review, and informed consent to focused consideration of international research ethics, conflicts of interests, and other aspects of responsible conduct of research. The editors of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics offer a work that critically assesses and advances scholarship in the field of human subjects research. Comprehensive in scope and depth, this book will be a crucial resource for researchers in the medical sciences, as well as teachers and students.

Author : Kimberly Hoagwood,Peter S. Jensen,Celia B. Fisher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317824602

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Ethical Issues in Mental Health Research With Children and Adolescents by Kimberly Hoagwood,Peter S. Jensen,Celia B. Fisher Pdf

Studies involving children with mental, emotional, or behavioral problems--or their families--have to meet certain standards of research ethics. This book contains chapters on the kinds of ethical dilemmas that typically occur in different types of studies of children, and then presents 65 real-world cases from experts who study children's mental health. These experts offer practical suggestions for how to handle these dilemmas. Chapters on the perspectives of parents, regulators, and bioethicists provide additional points of view on these issues. Written in down-to-earth language, this book will be useful for professionals who study children, for those who train students in research methods, and for parents who are thinking about participating in research studies. In attempting to bridge the apparent gap between ethics and science, the editors close this volume on a note commonly sounded by researchers: more research is needed. Yet in this area, a new kind of research is required. The science of scientific ethics must be developed and expanded, and better understanding of the determinants and circumstances under which children can comprehend and evaluate risks and benefits is needed. Likewise, fuller knowledge of the contextual factors affecting children's and families' consent to participate in research is essential. In particular, development of scales to assess children's ability to comprehend risk-benefit issues, studies of families' reactions to research procedures, and empirical data on the impact of various forms of participant reimbursement will advance both science and ethics. This volume should spur further research, serving as a guide for current investigators, participating families, institutional review boards, and policymakers who shape the research enterprise.

Author : Sana Loue
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780306468391

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Textbook of Research Ethics by Sana Loue Pdf

This textbook provides a brief history of human experimentation and reviews various theories of ethics from which the principles and rules that govern this research are derived. All relevant international documents and national regulations, policies and memoranda are referred to extensively to assist in addressing issues that regularly arise during the course of research involving human subjects. It includes case examples and exercises and is of interest to students and experienced researchers.

Author : William O'Donohue,Kyle E. Ferguson
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2003-01-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781452214887

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Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists by William O'Donohue,Kyle E. Ferguson Pdf

The Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists considers the compatibility of science and morality. Challenging readers to question the fundamental philosophical values of professional psychology, the editors and contributors inspire the ethical impulse and encourage active moral leadership. An essential reference for professional and academic psychologists and counselors, the Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists is also an exceptional primary or supplementary reader for graduate students enrolled in courses on Ethics in Psychology and Ethics and Professional Concerns and for anyone considering the compatibility of science and morality.

Author : Robert I. Field
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195159684

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Health Care Regulation in America by Robert I. Field Pdf

Regulation shapes all aspects of America's fragmented health care industry. While the health and lives of patients as well as almost one-sixth of the national economy depend on its effectiveness, health care regulation in America is bewilderingly complex. 'Health Care Regulation in America' is a guide to this regulatory maze.

Author : D.N. Weisstub
Publisher : Pergamon
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1998-10-23
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015042762800

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Research on Human Subjects by D.N. Weisstub Pdf

There have been serious controversies in the latter part of the 20th century about the roles and functions of scientific and medical research. In whose interests are medical and biomedical experiments conducted and what are the ethical implications of experimentation on subjects unable to give competent consent? From the decades following the Second World War and calls for the global banning of medical research to the cautious return to the notion that in controlled circumstances, medical research on human subjects is in the best interest of the given individual and the broader population, this book addresses the key implications of experimentation on humans. This volume covers major ethical themes within biomedical research providing historical, philosophical, legal and policy reflections on the literature and specific issues in the field of research on human subjects. Focusing on special populations (the elderly, children, prisoners and the cognitively impaired) it represents the most up-to-date review of the special ethical and legal conflicts that arise with relation to experimentation on subjects from these groups. In the light of current initiatives for law reform pertaining to research ethics the world over, this volume provides a timely, comprehensive and provocative exploration of the field. The volume has been carefully organized to present important philosophical perspectives on organizing principles that should underlie any practical application. A forward-looking historical review of the regulatory regimes of principal jurisdictions, including of the legal controls already in place, provides the backdrop for future policy initiatives. Additionally, in the light of global restructuring of health care systems, several chapters have been devoted to epidemiological research and related issues.