China S Maritime Gray Zone Operations

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781591146957

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China's Maritime Gray Zone Operations by Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson Pdf

China’s maritime “gray zone” operations represent a new challenge for the U.S. Navy and the sea services of our allies, partners, and friends in maritime East Asia. There, Beijing is waging what some Chinese sources term a “war without gunsmoke.” Already winning in important areas, China could gain far more if left unchecked. One of China’s greatest advantages thus far has been foreign difficulty in understanding the situation, let alone determining an effective response. With contributions from some of the world’s leading subject matter experts, this volume aims to close that gap by explaining the forces and doctrines driving China’s paranaval expansion, operating in the “gray zone” between war and peace. The book covers China’s major maritime forces beyond core gray-hulled Navy units, with particular focus on China’s second and third sea forces: the “white-hulled” Coast Guard and “blue-hulled” Maritime Militia. Increasingly, these paranaval forces, and the “gray zone” in which they typically operate, are on the frontlines of China’s seaward expansion.

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson
Publisher : US Naval Institute Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : East China Sea
ISBN : 1591146933

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China's Maritime Gray Zone Operations by Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson Pdf

This book covers China's major maritime forces beyond core gray-hulled Navy units witha particularfocus on China's second and third sea forces: the white-hulled Coast Guard and blue-hulled Maritime Militia.

Author : Andrew S Erickson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000771527

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Maritime Gray Zone Operations by Andrew S Erickson Pdf

This book addresses the issues raised by Chinese and North Korean maritime ‘gray zone’ activities in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region. For years, China has been harassing its neighbors in South China Sea and East China Sea, employing both coast guard and maritime militia forces, in the name of safeguarding Chinese sovereignty. This behavior is frequently characterized as constituting ‘gray zone’ activity. As the term suggests, this refers to a state of conflict that falls between peace and war. Interestingly, the Yellow Sea, which is geographically much closer to China than South China Sea or East China Sea, has been comparatively quiet. However, there is a danger that the PRC has the capability to replicate its gray zone activities in this area. Worse, North Korea has also been engaging in carefully-calibrated provocations there. This book addresses pressing questions about these activities and offers: (1) a conceptual framework to understand maritime gray zone operations and Beijing and Pyongyang’s approach, with an unprecedented focus on the Yellow Sea; (2) a comprehensive, fully updated fleet force structure for the PRC’s Coast Guard, together with projections regarding how the Coast Guard is likely to develop in the future; (3) an extensive organizational analysis of the PRC’s Maritime Militia that surveys the many units relevant to Yellow Sea operations, some revealed publicly for the first time; and (4) a detailed assessment of North Korean maritime ‘gray zone’ activities. This book will be of great interest to students of naval strategy, maritime security, Asian politics, and international security.

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Carnes Lord
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612511528

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China Goes to Sea by Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Carnes Lord Pdf

In modern history, China has been primarily a land power, dominating smaller states along its massive continental flanks. But China’s turn toward the sea is now very much a reality, as evident in its stunning rise in global shipbuilding markets, its vast and expanding merchant marine, the wide offshore reach of its energy and minerals exploration companies, its growing fishing fleet, and indeed its increasingly modern navy. Yet, for all these achievements, there is still profound skepticism regarding China’s potential as a genuine maritime power. Beijing must still import the most vital subcomponents for its shipyards, maritime governance remains severely bureaucratically challenged, and the navy evinces, at least as of yet, little enthusiasm for significant blue water power projection capabilities. This volume provides a truly comprehensive assessment of prospects for China’s maritime development by situating these important geostrategic phenomena within a larger world historical context. China is hardly the only land power in history to attempt transformation by fostering sea power. Many continental powers have elected or been impelled to transform themselves into significant maritime powers in order to safeguard their strategic position or advance their interests. We examine cases of attempted transformation from the Persian Empire to the Soviet Union, and determine the reasons for their success or failure. Too many works on China view the nation in isolation. Of course, China’s history and culture are to some extent exceptional, but building intellectual fences actually hinders the effort to understand China’s current development trajectory. Without underestimating the enduring pull of China’s past as it relates to threats to the country’s internal stability and its landward borders, this comparative study provides reason to believe that China has turned the corner on a genuine maritime transformation. If that proves indeed to be the case, it would be a remarkable if not singular event in the history of the last two millennia.

Author : Leszek Buszynski,Do Thanh Hai
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030680381

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Maritime Issues and Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific by Leszek Buszynski,Do Thanh Hai Pdf

This edited volume examines the political and security issues influencing and shaping the developing maritime order in the Indo Pacific. If focuses specifically on the impact of China’s maritime expansion upon the policies and strategies of the regional states as well as the major players. The chapters examine the interaction of these players, paying particular attention to Japan, as the originator of the Indo Pacific idea and promoter of security cooperation and regionalism. It also covers the responses of the ASEAN claimants, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines as well as Indonesia, alongside the key players, India, the US and also the EU.

Author : Andrew Chubb
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : China
ISBN : 1935352717

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Chinese Nationalism and the "gray Zone" by Andrew Chubb Pdf

Author : Kathleen H. Hicks,Alice Hunt Friend
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442281196

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By Other Means Part I by Kathleen H. Hicks,Alice Hunt Friend Pdf

Competitors are contesting the rules of the international system and U.S. leadership and their approaches lie in the “gray zone.” The United States needs a concrete and actionable campaign plan is needed to deal with this challenge.

Author : Ryan D. Martinson
Publisher : China Maritime Studies
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : History
ISBN : 1935352644

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Echelon Defense by Ryan D. Martinson Pdf

This monograph examines China's approach to using sea power to defend and advance its maritime claims in the East China Sea and South China Sea. This approach, which Chinese strategists sometimes called "echelon defense," involves the use of non-military instruments of sea power--especially maritime law enforcement forces--to vie with other states for control over disputed maritime space. These non-military forces operate on the first line (or echelon) of China's expanding frontier. Behind them, on the second line, China employs naval forces to deter foreign leaders from using force, thereby compelling them to compete on China's own terms. The echelon defense approach allows China to gradually achieve its objectives without risking a conflict or giving other great powers such as the United States sufficient grounds to intervene. Since 2006, when this approach was pioneered, it has enabled China to expand its influence and control in maritime East Asia. But it has also harmed China's relations with its neighbors and other great powers. Discover more products: Other products produced by the United States Navy, Naval War College (USNWC) can be found here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/naval-war-college-nwc Maritime resources collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/maritime-transportation-shipping Resources relating to China can be found here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/china

Author : Institute for National Strategic Studies
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-12-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0160897637

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The Chinese Navy by Institute for National Strategic Studies Pdf

Tells the story of the growing Chinese Navy - The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) - and its expanding capabilities, evolving roles and military implications for the USA. Divided into four thematic sections, this special collection of essays surveys and analyzes the most important aspects of China's navel modernization.

Author : Michael Green,Kathleen Hicks,Zack Cooper,John Schaus,Jake Douglas
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442279988

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Countering Coercion in Maritime Asia by Michael Green,Kathleen Hicks,Zack Cooper,John Schaus,Jake Douglas Pdf

In the past decade, tensions in Asia have risen as Beijing has become more assertive in maritime disputes with its neighbors and the United States. Although taking place below the threshold of direct military confrontation, China’s assertiveness frequently involves coercive elements that put at risk existing rules and norms; physical control of disputed waters and territory; and the credibility of U.S. security commitments. Regional leaders have expressed increasing alarm that such “gray zone” coercion threatens to destabilize the region by increasing the risk of conflict and undermining the rules-based order. Yet, the United States and its allies and partners have struggled to develop effective counters to China’s maritime coercion. This study reviews deterrence literature and nine case studies of coercion to develop recommendations for how the United States and its allies and partners could counter gray zone activity.

Author : Naval War College Press (U S )
Publisher : China Maritime Studies
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-03
Category : History
ISBN : 016087517X

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Military Activities in the EEZ by Naval War College Press (U S ) Pdf

Author : Eric Heginbotham,Michael Nixon,Forrest E. Morgan,Jacob L. Heim,Jeff Hagen,Sheng Li,Jeffrey Engstrom,Martin C. Libicki,Paul DeLuca,David A. Shlapak,David R. Frelinger,Burgess Laird,Kyle Brady,Lyle J. Morris
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780833082275

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The U.S.-China Military Scorecard by Eric Heginbotham,Michael Nixon,Forrest E. Morgan,Jacob L. Heim,Jeff Hagen,Sheng Li,Jeffrey Engstrom,Martin C. Libicki,Paul DeLuca,David A. Shlapak,David R. Frelinger,Burgess Laird,Kyle Brady,Lyle J. Morris Pdf

A RAND study analyzed Chinese and U.S. military capabilities in two scenarios (Taiwan and the Spratly Islands) from 1996 to 2017, finding that trends in most, but not all, areas run strongly against the United States. While U.S. aggregate power remains greater than China’s, distance and geography affect outcomes. China is capable of challenging U.S. military dominance on its immediate periphery—and its reach is likely to grow in the years ahead.

Author : Michael J. Mazarr,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Reference
ISBN : 1329784618

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Mastering the Gray Zone by Michael J. Mazarr,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College Pdf

"Discussions of an emerging practice of 'gray zone' conflict have become increasingly common throughout the U.S. Army and the wider national security community, but the concept remains ill-defined and poorly understood. This monograph aims to contribute to the emerging dialogue about competition and rivalry in the gray zone by defining the term, comparing and contrasting it with related theories, and offering tentative hypotheses about this increasingly important form of state competition. The idea of operating gradually and somewhat covertly to remain below key thresholds of response is hardly new. Many approaches being used today -- such as support for proxy forces and insurgent militias -- have been employed for millennia. The monograph argues that the emergence of this more coherent and intentional form of gray zone conflict is best understood as the confluence of three factors. Understood in this context, gray zone strategies can be defined as a form of conflict that pursues political objectives through integrated campaigns; employs mostly nonmilitary or nonkinetic tools; strives to remain under key escalatory or red line thresholds to avoid outright conventional conflict; and moves gradually toward its objectives rather than seeking conclusive results in a relatively limited period of time. Having examined the scope and character of gray zone conflict, the monograph offers seven hypotheses about this emerging form of rivalry. Finally, the monograph offers recommendations for the United States and its friends and allies to deal with this challenge"--Publisher's web site.

Author : Peter Dutton,Ryan D. Martinson
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Navies
ISBN : 1935352458

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China's Evolving Surface Fleet by Peter Dutton,Ryan D. Martinson Pdf

Over the past fifteen years, the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN's) missile fast-attack craft and amphibious fleets have been significantly modernized. While these two types of vessels have not increased in numbers, their capabilities have increased exponentially. This publication examines the People's Liberation Army's (PLA's) doctrine and training strategy in order to analyze present and predict future missions by these military vessels. China's deterrence posture is improved greatly by these ships and boats, which aid coastal water defense, and threaten Taiwanese attempts to gain independence. In addition, these two fleets improve China's long-range sealift capabilities, and help with the PLA's traditional, and new, nontraditional security practices. These fleets allow the PLAN to continue offshore operations, and begin "blue-water", or "far-seas" operations, helping the United States to predict the future nature of Chinese maritime missions. Related items: China collection of publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/china Chinese Military Reforms in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/chinese-military-reforms-age-xi-jinping-drivers-challenges-and-implications Indian and Chinese Engagement in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Comparative Assessment can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/indian-and-chinese-engagement-latin-america-and-caribbean U.S. Landpower in the South China Sea can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/us-landpower-south-china-sea

Author : William C. Hannas,Didi Kirsten Tatlow
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000191615

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China's Quest for Foreign Technology by William C. Hannas,Didi Kirsten Tatlow Pdf

This book analyzes China’s foreign technology acquisition activity and how this has helped its rapid rise to superpower status. Since 1949, China has operated a vast and unique system of foreign technology spotting and transfer aimed at accelerating civilian and military development, reducing the cost of basic research, and shoring up its power domestically and abroad—without running the political risks borne by liberal societies as a basis for their creative developments. While discounted in some circles as derivative and consigned to perpetual catch-up mode, China’s "hybrid" system of legal, illegal, and extralegal import of foreign technology, combined with its indigenous efforts, is, the authors believe, enormously effective and must be taken seriously. Accordingly, in this volume, 17 international specialists combine their scholarship to portray the system’s structure and functioning in heretofore unseen detail, using primary Chinese sources to demonstrate the perniciousness of the problem in a manner not likely to be controverted. The book concludes with a series of recommendations culled from the authors’ interactions with experts worldwide. This book will be of much interest to students of Chinese politics, US foreign policy, intelligence studies, science and technology studies, and International Relations in general.