Maritime Gray Zone Operations

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China's Maritime Gray Zone Operations

Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson
China s Maritime Gray Zone Operations Book PDF

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781591146957

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China's Maritime Gray Zone Operations by Andrew S. Erickson,Ryan D. Martinson Pdf

China’s maritime “gray zone” operations represent a new challenge for the U.S. Navy and the sea services of our allies, partners, and friends in maritime East Asia. There, Beijing is waging what some Chinese sources term a “war without gunsmoke.” Already winning in important areas, China could gain far more if left unchecked. One of China’s greatest advantages thus far has been foreign difficulty in understanding the situation, let alone determining an effective response. With contributions from some of the world’s leading subject matter experts, this volume aims to close that gap by explaining the forces and doctrines driving China’s paranaval expansion, operating in the “gray zone” between war and peace. The book covers China’s major maritime forces beyond core gray-hulled Navy units, with particular focus on China’s second and third sea forces: the “white-hulled” Coast Guard and “blue-hulled” Maritime Militia. Increasingly, these paranaval forces, and the “gray zone” in which they typically operate, are on the frontlines of China’s seaward expansion.

Maritime Gray Zone Operations

Andrew S Erickson
Maritime Gray Zone Operations Book PDF

Author : Andrew S Erickson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000771527

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Maritime Gray Zone Operations by Andrew S Erickson Pdf

This book addresses the issues raised by Chinese and North Korean maritime ‘gray zone’ activities in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region. For years, China has been harassing its neighbors in South China Sea and East China Sea, employing both coast guard and maritime militia forces, in the name of safeguarding Chinese sovereignty. This behavior is frequently characterized as constituting ‘gray zone’ activity. As the term suggests, this refers to a state of conflict that falls between peace and war. Interestingly, the Yellow Sea, which is geographically much closer to China than South China Sea or East China Sea, has been comparatively quiet. However, there is a danger that the PRC has the capability to replicate its gray zone activities in this area. Worse, North Korea has also been engaging in carefully-calibrated provocations there. This book addresses pressing questions about these activities and offers: (1) a conceptual framework to understand maritime gray zone operations and Beijing and Pyongyang’s approach, with an unprecedented focus on the Yellow Sea; (2) a comprehensive, fully updated fleet force structure for the PRC’s Coast Guard, together with projections regarding how the Coast Guard is likely to develop in the future; (3) an extensive organizational analysis of the PRC’s Maritime Militia that surveys the many units relevant to Yellow Sea operations, some revealed publicly for the first time; and (4) a detailed assessment of North Korean maritime ‘gray zone’ activities. This book will be of great interest to students of naval strategy, maritime security, Asian politics, and international security.

Maritime Issues and Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific

Leszek Buszynski,Do Thanh Hai
Maritime Issues and Regional Order in the Indo Pacific Book PDF

Author : Leszek Buszynski,Do Thanh Hai
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030680381

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Maritime Issues and Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific by Leszek Buszynski,Do Thanh Hai Pdf

This edited volume examines the political and security issues influencing and shaping the developing maritime order in the Indo Pacific. If focuses specifically on the impact of China’s maritime expansion upon the policies and strategies of the regional states as well as the major players. The chapters examine the interaction of these players, paying particular attention to Japan, as the originator of the Indo Pacific idea and promoter of security cooperation and regionalism. It also covers the responses of the ASEAN claimants, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines as well as Indonesia, alongside the key players, India, the US and also the EU.

China Goes to Sea

Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Carnes Lord
China Goes to Sea Book PDF

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Carnes Lord
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612511528

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China Goes to Sea by Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Carnes Lord Pdf

In modern history, China has been primarily a land power, dominating smaller states along its massive continental flanks. But China’s turn toward the sea is now very much a reality, as evident in its stunning rise in global shipbuilding markets, its vast and expanding merchant marine, the wide offshore reach of its energy and minerals exploration companies, its growing fishing fleet, and indeed its increasingly modern navy. Yet, for all these achievements, there is still profound skepticism regarding China’s potential as a genuine maritime power. Beijing must still import the most vital subcomponents for its shipyards, maritime governance remains severely bureaucratically challenged, and the navy evinces, at least as of yet, little enthusiasm for significant blue water power projection capabilities. This volume provides a truly comprehensive assessment of prospects for China’s maritime development by situating these important geostrategic phenomena within a larger world historical context. China is hardly the only land power in history to attempt transformation by fostering sea power. Many continental powers have elected or been impelled to transform themselves into significant maritime powers in order to safeguard their strategic position or advance their interests. We examine cases of attempted transformation from the Persian Empire to the Soviet Union, and determine the reasons for their success or failure. Too many works on China view the nation in isolation. Of course, China’s history and culture are to some extent exceptional, but building intellectual fences actually hinders the effort to understand China’s current development trajectory. Without underestimating the enduring pull of China’s past as it relates to threats to the country’s internal stability and its landward borders, this comparative study provides reason to believe that China has turned the corner on a genuine maritime transformation. If that proves indeed to be the case, it would be a remarkable if not singular event in the history of the last two millennia.

By Other Means Part I

Kathleen H. Hicks,Alice Hunt Friend
By Other Means Part I Book PDF

Author : Kathleen H. Hicks,Alice Hunt Friend
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442281196

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By Other Means Part I by Kathleen H. Hicks,Alice Hunt Friend Pdf

The United States is being confronted by the liabilities of its strength. Competitors are finding avenues for threatening U.S. interests without triggering escalation. Their approaches lie in the contested arena between routine statecraft and open warfare—the "gray zone." The United States has yet to articulate a comprehensive approach to deterring competitors in the gray zone. A concrete and actionable campaign plan is needed to deal with the gray zone challenge; in order to do so, the United States must identify and employ a broad spectrum of tools and concepts to deter, and if needed, to compete and win contestations in the gray zone.

Six Years at Sea... and Counting

Andrew S. Erickson,Austin M. Strange
Six Years at Sea and Counting Book PDF

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Austin M. Strange
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780615588414

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Six Years at Sea... and Counting by Andrew S. Erickson,Austin M. Strange Pdf

Well over six years of Chinese anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden have directly supported People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) modernization goals and provided invaluable experience operating in distant waters. Lessons learned have spawned PLAN innovations in doctrine, operations, and international coordination. Many of the insights gleaned during deployments are applicable to security objectives closer to home; some officers enjoy promotion to important positions after returning. Anti-piracy operations have been a springboard for China to expand considerably its maritime security operations, from evacuating its citizens from Libya and Yemen to escorting Syrian chemical weapons to their destruction and participating in the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. So great are the benefits to China's global maritime presence and enhanced image at home and abroad that when Gulf of Aden anti-piracy operations finally wind down, Beijing will have to develop new means to address its burgeoning overseas interests.

Contests of Initiative

Raymond Kuo
Contests of Initiative Book PDF

Author : Raymond Kuo
Publisher : Westphalia Press
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1637237049

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Contests of Initiative by Raymond Kuo Pdf

China is engaged in a widespread assertion of sovereignty in the South and East China Seas. It employs a "gray zone" strategy: using coercive but sub-conventional military power to drive off challengers and prevent escalation, while simultaneously seizing territory and asserting maritime control. Contests of Initiative: Confronting China's Gray Zone Strategy provides three courses of action for the US and its Asian security partners to preserve regional peace, uphold freedom of the seas, and deter conflict. Building on theories of escalation dominance, Dr. Kuo casts gray zone strategies as "contests of initiative." States that direct the operational tempo and choice of engagements can exploit gaps in political commitment to seize objectives. Once lost, their opponents face much higher costs to reestablish control. Using case analysis backed by statistical methods, the three courses of action reach different balances between American leadership, allied costs, and Chinese responses. Ultimately, the book recommends the U.S. employ an "extended deterrence" approach. Washington should foster a regional sovereignty settlement, establish a political-military coordinating institution, and attain dominance in sub-conventional capabilities using unmanned ISR and strike platforms to contest and break Beijing's control. The study will be of great value to those in the national security community with responsibility for US policies in East Asia, but it also provides important insights for strategic planners and analysts who will be grappling with the larger strategic dimensions of US-China relations, certain to be the paramount issue in global politics for the foreseeable future. Dr. Raymond Kuo is an independent political scientist focused on international security and East Asia. In addition to this book, he authored Following the Leader: International Order, Alliance Strategies, and Emulation (Stanford University Press, forthcoming 2021), explaining how military alliance strategies generate international order. Dr. Kuo's other research has appeared in International Security, the Journal of Conflict Resolution, The National Interest, and The Diplomat, among others. He previously served in the United Nations, the National Democratic Institute, and the Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan). Dr. Kuo holds a Ph.D. and M.A. from Princeton University, an M.Sc. from the London School of Economics, and a B.A. from Wesleyan University.

Chinese Naval Shipbuilding

Andrew S. Erickson
Chinese Naval Shipbuilding Book PDF

Author : Andrew S. Erickson
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781682470824

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Chinese Naval Shipbuilding by Andrew S. Erickson Pdf

China’s shipbuilding industry has grown more rapidly than any other in modern history. Commercial shipbuilding output jumped thirteen-fold from 2002–12, ensuring that Beijing has largely reached its goal of becoming the world’s leading shipbuilder. Yet progress is uneven, with military shipbuilding leading overall but with significant weakness in propulsion and electronics for military and civilian applications. It has never been more important to assess what ships China can supply its navy and other maritime forces with, today and in the future. Chinese Naval Shipbuilding answers three pressing questions: What are China’s prospects for success in key areas of naval shipbuilding? What are the likely results for China’s navy? What are the implications for the U.S. Navy? To address these critical issues, this volume assembles some of the world’s leading experts and linguistic analysts, often pairing them in research teams. These sailors, scholars, industry professionals, and government specialists have commanded ships at sea, led shipbuilding programs ashore, toured Chinese vessels and production facilities, invested in Chinese shipyards, and analyzed and presented important data to top-level decision-makers in times of crisis. In synthesizing their collective insights, this book fills a key gap in our understanding of China, its shipbuilding industry, its navy, and what it all means.

Countering Coercion in Maritime Asia

Michael Green,Kathleen Hicks,Zack Cooper,John Schaus,Jake Douglas
Countering Coercion in Maritime Asia Book PDF

Author : Michael Green,Kathleen Hicks,Zack Cooper,John Schaus,Jake Douglas
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442279988

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Countering Coercion in Maritime Asia by Michael Green,Kathleen Hicks,Zack Cooper,John Schaus,Jake Douglas Pdf

In the past decade, tensions in Asia have risen as Beijing has become more assertive in maritime disputes with its neighbors and the United States. Although taking place below the threshold of direct military confrontation, China’s assertiveness frequently involves coercive elements that put at risk existing rules and norms; physical control of disputed waters and territory; and the credibility of U.S. security commitments. Regional leaders have expressed increasing alarm that such “gray zone” coercion threatens to destabilize the region by increasing the risk of conflict and undermining the rules-based order. Yet, the United States and its allies and partners have struggled to develop effective counters to China’s maritime coercion. This study reviews deterrence literature and nine case studies of coercion to develop recommendations for how the United States and its allies and partners could counter gray zone activity.

The Dragons and the Snakes

David Kilcullen
The Dragons and the Snakes Book PDF

Author : David Kilcullen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190265700

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The Dragons and the Snakes by David Kilcullen Pdf

Just a few years ago, people spoke of the US as a hyperpower-a titan stalking the world stage with more relative power than any empire in history. Yet as early as 1993, newly-appointed CIA director James Woolsey pointed out that although Western powers had "slain a large dragon" by defeating the Soviet Union in the Cold War, they now faced a "bewildering variety of poisonous snakes." In The Dragons and the Snakes, the eminent soldier-scholar David Kilcullen asks how, and what, opponents of the West have learned during the last quarter-century of conflict. Applying a combination of evolutionary theory and detailed field observation, he explains what happened to the "snakes"-non-state threats including terrorists and guerrillas-and the "dragons"-state-based competitors such as Russia and China. He explores how enemies learn under conditions of conflict, and examines how Western dominance over a very particular, narrowly-defined form of warfare since the Cold War has created a fitness landscape that forces adversaries to adapt in ways that present serious new challenges to America and its allies. Within the world's contemporary conflict zones, Kilcullen argues, state and non-state threats have increasingly come to resemble each other, with states adopting non-state techniques and non-state actors now able to access levels of precision and lethal weapon systems once only available to governments. A counterintuitive look at this new, vastly more complex environment, The Dragons and the Snakes will not only reshape our understanding of the West's enemies' capabilities, but will also show how we can respond given the increasing limits on US power.

China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force

Lyle J Goldstein,Andrew S. Erickson,William S. Murray,Andrew Wilson
China s Future Nuclear Submarine Force Book PDF

Author : Lyle J Goldstein,Andrew S. Erickson,William S. Murray,Andrew Wilson
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612511504

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China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force by Lyle J Goldstein,Andrew S. Erickson,William S. Murray,Andrew Wilson Pdf

One of the key concerns of naval strategists and planners today is the nature of the Chinese geostrategic challenge. Conceding that no one can know for certain China s intentions in terms of future conflict, the editors of this hot-topic book argue that the trajectory of Chinese nuclear propulsion for submarines may be one of the best single indicators of China s ambitions of global military power. Nuclear submarines, with their unparalleled survivability, remain ideal platforms for persistent operations in far-flung sea areas and offer an efficient means for China to project power. This collection of essays presents the latest thinking of leading experts on the emergence of a modern nuclear submarine fleet in China. Each contribution is packed with authoritative data and cogent analysis. The book has been compiled by four professors and analysts at the U.S. Naval War College who are co-founders of the college s recently established China Maritime Studies Institute. Given the opaque nature of China s undersea warfare development, readers will benefit from this penetrating investigation that considers the potential impact of even the most revolutionary changes in Chinese nuclear submarine capabilities. The editors believe that to ignore such possibilities would be the height of strategic folly and represent inexcusable negligence in terms of U.S. national defense. Anyone who is interested in the future of the U.S. Navy and the defense of the United States will find this book to be essential reading.

Chinese Aerospace Power

Lyle J Goldstein,Andrew S. Erickson
Chinese Aerospace Power Book PDF

Author : Lyle J Goldstein,Andrew S. Erickson
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612511542

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Chinese Aerospace Power by Lyle J Goldstein,Andrew S. Erickson Pdf

China's aircraft carrier program is making major waves well before the first ship has been completed. Undoubtedly, this development heralds a new era in Chinese national security policy. While the present volume presents substantial new insight on that particular question, its focus is decidedly broader in scope. Chinese Aerospace Power offers a comprehensive survey of Chinese aerospace developments, with a focus on areas of potential strategic significance previously unexplored in Western scholarship. The book also links these developments to the vast maritime battlespace of the Asia-Pacific region and highlights the consequent implications for the U.S. military, particularly the U.S. Navy.

China, the United States, and 21st-Century Sea Power

Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Nan Li
China the United States and 21st Century Sea Power Book PDF

Author : Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Nan Li
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612511535

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China, the United States, and 21st-Century Sea Power by Andrew S. Erickson,Lyle J Goldstein,Nan Li Pdf

China’s reaction to the United States’ new maritime strategy will significantly impact its success, according to three Naval War College professors. Based on the premise that preventing wars is as important as winning wars, this new U.S. strategy, they explain, embodies a historic reassessment of the international system and how the United States can best pursue its interests in cooperation with other nations. The authors contend that despite recent turbulence in U.S.-China military relations, substantial shared interests could enable extensive U.S.-China maritime security cooperation, as they attempt to reach an understanding of “competitive coexistence.” But for professionals to structure cooperation, they warn, Washington and Beijing must create sufficient political and institutional space.

The Political Economy of the Abe Government and Abenomics Reforms

Takeo Hoshi,Phillip Y. Lipscy
The Political Economy of the Abe Government and Abenomics Reforms Book PDF

Author : Takeo Hoshi,Phillip Y. Lipscy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 573 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108843959

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The Political Economy of the Abe Government and Abenomics Reforms by Takeo Hoshi,Phillip Y. Lipscy Pdf

Explores the politics and economics of the Abe government and evaluates major policies, such as Abenomics policy reforms.

Secret Wars

Austin Carson
Secret Wars Book PDF

Author : Austin Carson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691204123

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Secret Wars by Austin Carson Pdf

Secret Wars is the first book to systematically analyze the ways powerful states covertly participate in foreign wars, showing a recurring pattern of such behavior stretching from World War I to U.S.-occupied Iraq. Investigating what governments keep secret during wars and why, Austin Carson argues that leaders maintain the secrecy of state involvement as a response to the persistent concern of limiting war. Keeping interventions “backstage” helps control escalation dynamics, insulating leaders from domestic pressures while communicating their interest in keeping a war contained. Carson shows that covert interventions can help control escalation, but they are almost always detected by other major powers. However, the shared value of limiting war can lead adversaries to keep secret the interventions they detect, as when American leaders concealed clashes with Soviet pilots during the Korean War. Escalation concerns can also cause leaders to ignore covert interventions that have become an open secret. From Nazi Germany’s role in the Spanish Civil War to American covert operations during the Vietnam War, Carson presents new insights about some of the most influential conflicts of the twentieth century. Parting the curtain on the secret side of modern war, Secret Wars provides important lessons about how rival state powers collude and compete, and the ways in which they avoid outright military confrontations.