Chronic Inflammation In Conditions Associated With A Deficient Clearance Of Dying And Dead Cells Their Remnants And Intracellular Constituents

Author : Luis Enrique Muñoz,Christian Berens,Kirsten Lauber
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-17
Category : Immunologic diseases. Allergy
ISBN : 9782889196012

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Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents by Luis Enrique Muñoz,Christian Berens,Kirsten Lauber Pdf

In multicellular organisms, states with a high degree of tissue turnover like embryogenesis, development, and adult tissue homeostasis need an instantaneous, tightly regulated and immunologically silent clearance of these dying cells to ensure appropriate development of the embryo and adult tissue remodelling. The proper and swift clearance of apoptotic cells is essential to prevent cellular leakage of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which would lead to the stimulation of inflammatory cytokine responses. In addition to the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), backup mechanisms are required to cope with DAMPs (HMGB-1, DNA, RNA, S100 molecules, ATP and adenosine) and other intracellular material (uric acid, intracellular proteins and their aggregates) released from cells, that were not properly cleared and have entered the stage of secondary necrosis. Furthermore, under certain pathologic conditions (e.g. gout, cancer, diabetes) non-apoptotic cell death may transiently occur (NETosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis) which generates material that also has to be cleared to avoid overloading tissues with non-functional cellular waste. Efficient efferocytosis is therefore indispensable for normal tissue turnover and homeostasis. The characterization of various signalling pathways that regulate this complex and evolutionary conserved process has shed light on new pathogenetic mechanisms of many diseases. Impaired clearance promotes initiation of autoimmunity as well as the perpetuation of chronic inflammation, but may also foster anti-tumor immunity under certain microenvironmental conditions. Immunological tolerance is continuously being challenged by the presence of post-apoptotic remnants in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Besides the autoimmune phenotype of chronic inflammatory rheumatoid disorders a plethora of pathologies have been associated with defects in genes involved in clearance, e.g. atherosclerosis, cancer, gout, diabetes, some forms of blindness, neuropathy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The main goal of this research topic is to collect contributions from various disciplines committed to studying pathogenetic mechanisms of the aforementioned disorders and dealing with alterations in the clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and their constituents that leak out after membrane rupture. Integrating the combined collection of knowledge on efferocytosis and clearance of dead cells and their derived waste from different fields of research in physiology and pathophysiology could improve the molecular understanding of these increasingly prevalent diseases and may ultimately result in new therapeutic strategies.

Author : Ivan K. H. Poon,Christopher D. Gregory,Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-02-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889457540

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The Immunomodulatory Properties of Extracellular Vesicles from Pathogens, Immune Cells and Non-Immune Cells by Ivan K. H. Poon,Christopher D. Gregory,Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos Pdf

Author : G. S. Gupta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1122 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783709110652

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Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications by G. S. Gupta Pdf

Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications presents up-to-date knowledge of animal lectins. Detailed descriptions on biological activities, tissue and/or subcellular distribution, molecular structure, gene organization, possible functions, clinical applications, lectin-ligand interactions and their intervention for therapeutic purposes are provided. The recently discovered C-type lectins as well as further novel super-families of this group of molecules are described in detail. Furthermore, the clinical significance of animal lectins in inflammatory diseases, defects of immune defense and autoimmunity are described and their application as drugs and therapeutic targets is discussed. With the increasing interest in lectins in biomedical research and their therapeutic applications, this book on animal lectins and associated proteins is a must have for researchers in the area.

Author : George Tsokos
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 640 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2015-12-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128020098

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by George Tsokos Pdf

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus combines basic science with clinical science to provide a translational treatment of the disease and is a useful reference for specialists in the diagnosis and management of patients with SLE, a tool for measurement of clinical activity for pharmaceutical development and basic research of the disease and a reference work for hospital libraries. Provides the very latest overview of the pathogenesis of SLE Distills current understanding of the cellular, molecular, genetic and environmental factors that instigate and drive the disease Includes comprehensive coverage of clinical features, including fatigue, organ system manifestations, overlap syndromes, infections, and more Conveys the very latest understanding of mechanisms of tissue damage, including immune complexes, antibodies, and other mechanisms that lead to organ damage Discusses the latest treatment options on disease modifying or disease controlling agents Provides 'one stop' coverage of all the latest scientific and clinical developments in SLE

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCSD:31822037817723

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How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by Anonim Pdf

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Author : Betty Diamond,Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832500484

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Insights in autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders: 2021 by Betty Diamond,Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Diseases: The State of the Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309211093

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Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention, Amelioration, and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Diseases: The State of the Science Pdf

A single tick bite can have debilitating consequences. Lyme disease is the most common disease carried by ticks in the United States, and the number of those afflicted is growing steadily. If left untreated, the diseases carried by ticks-known as tick-borne diseases-can cause severe pain, fatigue, neurological problems, and other serious health problems. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop October 11-12, 2010, to examine the state of the science in Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.

Author : Han-Ming Shen,Peter Vandenabeele
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461482208

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Necrotic Cell Death by Han-Ming Shen,Peter Vandenabeele Pdf

Starting with discussion of basic concepts and the molecular mechanisms of necrosis, this book looks first at several forms of necrotic cell death that have been identified, including necroptosis, autophagic cell death, and PARP-mediated cell death. As necrotic cell death is increasingly known to play a critical role in many physiological processes, the next chapters discuss its effect on metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and development. Necrotic cell death is closely implicated in human diseases like cancer, so the next chapters examine its relevance to human diseases, and final chapters cover methodologies for measuring necrosis. This book presents comprehensive coverage of necrosis from recognized experts from leading academic and medical institutions around the world. ​In contrast to apoptosis, well-defined as a form of programmed cell death, necrosis used to be considered as accidental (i.e., non-programmed) cell death, usually in response to a severe injury. Accumulating evidence now suggests, however, that necrosis is also programmed and controlled by distinctive "death machinery" in response to various stimuli like oxidative stress or DNA damage.

Author : Valentina Pucino,Monica Guma
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889714940

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The Role of Immunometabolism in Autoimmune Mediated and Autoinflammatory Disorders by Valentina Pucino,Monica Guma Pdf

Author : Dmitri V. Krysko,Peter Vandenabeele
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402092930

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Phagocytosis of Dying Cells by Dmitri V. Krysko,Peter Vandenabeele Pdf

Phagocytosis has been at the forefront of cell biology for more than a century. Initially, phagocytosis, which comes from Greek words meaning “devouring cells,” was discovered in the late 19th century by Ilya Metchnikoff, who was awarded, together with Paul Ehrlich, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity.” At that time Metchnikoff had already identified a function for phagocytes not only in host defense but also as scavengers of degenerating host cells during metamorphosis of tadpoles, thus providing one of the first descriptions of apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages (Kaufmann 2008). Since then, much has been learned about phagocytosis, and the previous several decades have witnessed outstanding progress in understanding the functions and the molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis. Two main types of targets are cleared by phagocytosis: microbial pathogens and dying cells. Rapid recognition and clearance of dying cells by phagocytes plays a pivotal role in development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, control of immune responses, and resolution of inflammation. Clearance of dying cells can be divided into several stages, including sensing, r- ognition, binding and signaling, internalization, and immunological responses. In this book, our contributors address these different stages of dead cell cle- ance and examine how impaired clearance of dying cells may lead to human d- eases. We have attempted to provide sufficient cross-referencing and indexing to enable the reader to easily locate the ideas elaborated in the different chapters.

Author : John Burke Sullivan,Gary R. Krieger
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 1348 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Medical
ISBN : 068308027X

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Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures by John Burke Sullivan,Gary R. Krieger Pdf

Now in its revised and updated Second Edition, this volume is the most comprehensive and authoritative text in the rapidly evolving field of environmental toxicology. The book provides the objective information that health professionals need to prevent environmental health problems, plan for emergencies, and evaluate toxic exposures in patients.Coverage includes safety, regulatory, and legal issues; clinical toxicology of specific organ systems; emergency medical response to hazardous materials releases; and hazards of specific industries and locations. Nearly half of the book examines all known toxins and environmental health hazards. A Brandon-Hill recommended title.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 736 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Passive smoking
ISBN : PURD:32754076769391

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The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke by Anonim Pdf

This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.

Author : William T. Jackson,Michele S. Swanson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118677643

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Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response by William T. Jackson,Michele S. Swanson Pdf

The relationship between infection and immunity and autophagy, a pathway of cellular homeostasis and stress response, has been a rapidly growing field of study over the last decade. While some cellular processes are pro- or anti-infection, autophagy has been proven to be both: a part of the innate immune response against some microbes, and a cellular pathway subverted by some pathogens to promote their own replication. Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response provides a unified overview of the roles of cellular autophagy during microbial infection. Introductory chapters ground the reader by delineating the autophagic pathway from a cellular perspective, and by listing assays available for measuring autophagy. Subsequent chapters address virus interactions with autophagy machinery, the various roles of autophagy parasitic infection, and interactions of bacteria with the autophagic pathway. Concluding chapters explore the relationships of autophagy to systemic immune responses, including antigen presentation, ER stress, and production of IFN-gamma. Designed as a resource for those interested in initiating studies on the relationship between autophagy and infection or immunity, Autophagy, Infection, and the Immune Response combines practical state-of the art technique descriptions with an overview of the wide variety of known interactions between pathogens and the autophagic pathway.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Diet and Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 765 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309039949

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Diet and Health by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Diet and Health Pdf

Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients,Panel on Micronutrients
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 804 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2002-07-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309072794

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients,Panel on Micronutrients Pdf

This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.