Circulation And Control

Author : Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire,Will Slauter
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781800641495

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Circulation and Control by Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire,Will Slauter Pdf

The nineteenth century witnessed a series of revolutions in the production and circulation of images. From lithographs and engraved reproductions of paintings to daguerreotypes, stereoscopic views, and mass-produced sculptures, works of visual art became available in a wider range of media than ever before. But the circulation and reproduction of artworks also raised new questions about the legal rights of painters, sculptors, engravers, photographers, architects, collectors, publishers, and subjects of representation (such as sitters in paintings or photographs). Copyright and patent laws tussled with informal cultural norms and business strategies as individuals and groups attempted to exert some degree of control over these visual creations. With contributions by art historians, legal scholars, historians of publishing, and specialists of painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic arts, this rich collection of essays explores the relationship between intellectual property laws and the cultural, economic, and technological factors that transformed the pictorial landscape during the nineteenth century. This book will be valuable reading for historians of art and visual culture; legal scholars who work on the history of copyright and patent law; and literary scholars and historians who work in the field of book history. It will also resonate with anyone interested in current debates about the circulation and control of images in our digital age.

Author : Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire,Will Slauter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1800641478

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Circulation and Control by Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire,Will Slauter Pdf

The nineteenth century witnessed a series of revolutions in the production and circulation of images. From lithographs and engraved reproductions of paintings to daguerreotypes, stereoscopic views, and mass-produced sculptures, works of visual art became available in a wider range of media than ever before. But the circulation and reproduction of artworks also raised new questions about the legal rights of painters, sculptors, engravers, photographers, architects, collectors, publishers, and subjects of representation (such as sitters in paintings or photographs). Copyright and patent laws tussled with informal cultural norms and business strategies as individuals and groups attempted to exert some degree of control over these visual creations. With contributions by art historians, legal scholars, historians of publishing, and specialists of painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic arts, this rich collection of essays explores the relationship between intellectual property laws and the cultural, economic, and technological factors that transformed the pictorial landscape during the nineteenth century. This book will be valuable reading for historians of art and visual culture; legal scholars who work on the history of copyright and patent law; and literary scholars and historians who work in the field of book history. It will also resonate with anyone interested in current debates about the circulation and control of images in our digital age.

Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047239

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The Cerebral Circulation by Marilyn J. Cipolla Pdf

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Author : Irving H. Zucker,Joseph P. Gilmore
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1088 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000725384

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Reflex Control of the Circulation by Irving H. Zucker,Joseph P. Gilmore Pdf

Reflex Control of the Circulation presents an interdisciplinary discussion of concepts in the reflex control of circulation. This volume describes aspects of autonomic receptor physiology, central pathways of reflex control, the electrophysiology of cardiovascular afferents, the interaction between reflexes, the autonomic control of regional blood flows, the autonomic control of fluid and electrolyte balance, and neurohumoral control of the circulation through normal and pathological states (e.g., hypertension, congestive heart failure). In addition, the regulation of regional blood flow during exercise and developmental aspects of reflex control are examined. Any researcher interested in the autonomic system and its role in circulation will find this book fascinating reading.

Author : Konstantinos Kanistras,Kimon P. Valavanis,Matthew J. Rutherford
Publisher : Springer
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319678528

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Foundations of Circulation Control Based Small-Scale Unmanned Aircraft by Konstantinos Kanistras,Kimon P. Valavanis,Matthew J. Rutherford Pdf

This book focuses on using and implementing Circulation Control (CC) - an active flow control method used to produce increased lift over the traditionally used systems, like flaps, slats, etc. - to design a new type of fixed-wing unmanned aircraft that are endowed with improved aerodynamic efficiency, enhanced endurance, increased useful payload (fuel capacity, battery cells, on-board sensors) during cruise flight, delayed stall, and reduced runway during takeoff and landing. It presents the foundations of a step-by-step comprehensive methodology from design to implementation and experimental testing of Coandǎ based Circulation Control Wings (CCWs) and CC system, both integral components of the new type of aircraft, called Unmanned Circulation Control Air Vehicle. The methodology is composed of seven coupled phases: theoretical and mathematical analysis, design, simulation, 3-D printing/prototyping, wind tunnel testing, wing implementation and integration, and flight testing. The theoretical analysis focuses on understanding the physics of the flow and on defining the design parameters of the geometry restrictions of the wing and the plenum. The design phase centers on: designs of Coandǎ surfaces based on wing geometry specifications; designing and modifying airfoils from well-known ones (NACA series, Clark-Y, etc.); plenum designs for flow uniformity; dual radius flap designs to delay flow separation and reduce cruise drag. The simulation phase focuses on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and simulations, and on calculating lift and drag coefficients of the designed CCWs in a simulation environment. 3-D printing and prototyping focuses on the actual construction of the CCWs. Wind tunnel testing centers on experimental studies in a laboratory environment. One step before flight testing is implementation of the qualified CCW and integration on the UAV platform, along with the CC system. Flight testing is the final phase, where design validation is performed. This book is the first of its kind, and it is suitable for students and researchers interested in the design and development of CCWs for small-scale aircraft. Background knowledge on fundamental Aerodynamics is required.

Author : Roland N. Pittman
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047215

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Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by Roland N. Pittman Pdf

This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Author : Ronald J. Korthuis
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041831

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Skeletal Muscle Circulation by Ronald J. Korthuis Pdf

The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References

Author : Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041176

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The Gastrointestinal Circulation by Peter R. Kvietys Pdf

The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography

Author : George Fry & Associates.
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0758198663

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Study of Circulation Control Systems by George Fry & Associates. Pdf

Author : Boyun Guo,,Gefei Liu
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 012381958X

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Applied Drilling Circulation Systems by Boyun Guo,,Gefei Liu Pdf

Used to clean the borehole, stabilize rock, control pressures, or enhance drilling rates, drilling fluids and their circulation systems are used in all phases of a drilling operation. These systems are highly dynamic and complicated to model until now. Written by an author with over 25 years of experience, Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models provide users with the necessary analytical/numerical models to handle problems associated with the design and optimization of cost-effective drilling circulation systems. The only book which combines system modeling, design, and equipment, Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models provides a clear and rigorous exposition of traditional and non-traditional circulation systems and equipment followed by self contained chapters concerning system modelling applications. Theories are illustrated by case studies based on the author’s real life experience. The book is accompanied by a website which permits readers to construct, validate, and run models employing Newtonian fluids, Bingham Plastic fluids, Power Law fluids, and aerated fluids principles. This combination book and website arrangement will prove particularly useful to drilling and production engineers who need to plan operations including pipe-tripping, running-in casing, and cementing. In-depth coverage of both on- and offshore drilling hydraulics. Methods for optimizing both on- and offshore drilling hydraulics. Contains problems and solutions based on years of experience.

Author : Jeffrey W. Kiel
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041695

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The Ocular Circulation by Jeffrey W. Kiel Pdf

This presentation describes the unique anatomy and physiology of the vascular beds that serve the eye. The needs for an unobstructed light path from the cornea to the retina and a relatively fixed corneal curvature and distance between refractive structures pose significant challenges for the vasculature to provide nutrients and remove metabolic waste. To meet these needs, the ocular vascular beds are confined to the periphery of the posterior two thirds of the eye and a surrogate circulation provides a continuous flow of aqueous humor to nourish the avascular cornea, lens and vitreous compartment. The production of aqueous humor (and its ease of egress from the eye) also generates the intraocular pressure (IOP), which maintains the shape of the eye. However, the IOP also exerts a compressing force on the ocular blood vessels that is higher than elsewhere in the body. This is particularly true for the intraocular veins, which must have a pressure higher than IOP to remain patent, and so the IOP is the effective venous pressure for the intraocular vascular beds. Consequently, the ocular circulation operates at a lower perfusion pressure gradient than elsewhere in the body and is more at risk for ischemic damage when faced with low arterial pressure, particularly if IOP is elevated. This risk and the specialized tissues of the eye give rise to the fascinating physiology of the ocular circulations.

Author : Chong Lin,Arash Dahi Taleghani,Zhenjiang You,Chengyuan Xu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832537404

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Lost circulation control during drilling and completion in complex formations by Chong Lin,Arash Dahi Taleghani,Zhenjiang You,Chengyuan Xu Pdf

Author : Maysie Hurnes
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323160506

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Neural Control of Circulation by Maysie Hurnes Pdf

Neural Control of Circulation presents an in-depth view of specialized areas in the neural regulation of the circulatory system that have been the subject of intensive research, the historical basis and theory from which those investigations evolved, and directions for future studies. Special emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of the experimental data in each field of research. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a synthesis of a large number of studies undertaken using conscious animals, particularly those that focuses on the behavioral and cerebral control of cardiovascular function. The second chapter explores the role of the brain stem and cerebellum in cardiovascular control. Next, specific research areas concerning bulbospinal control of sympathetic nerve discharge are discussed. This is followed by a chapter devoted to the nucleus tractus solitarii and experimental neurogenic hypertension. A concept in potential hypertensive mechanisms involving long-term transsynaptic regulation of adrenal medullary function is also described, and the neural control of the circulation during hypoxia is considered. Finally, aspects of central nervous system pharmacology and regulation of circulation are examined. This book is designed for individuals who are interested in the cardiovascular system and its function, and should also prove useful to students and researchers in physiology and individuals in other ancillary areas of bioscience.

Author : M. D. Shovlin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Air flow
ISBN : UIUC:30112106605519

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Large-scale Static Investigation of Circulation-control-wing Concepts Applied to Upper-surface-blowing Aircraft by M. D. Shovlin Pdf

Author : American Library Association. Library Technology Project,George Fry and Associates
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1961
Category : Academic libraries
ISBN : OCLC:185994966

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Study of Circulation Control Systems by American Library Association. Library Technology Project,George Fry and Associates Pdf