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Author : Arnd Bernaerts
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781412048460
Modern climate shows two major climate shifts 1918 and 1939 caused by thousands of naval ships churning seas and oceans during two World Wars that determminated global climate change cnditions
Author : Arnd Bernaerts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 0595413013
The British Prime Minister Tony Blair declared recently that there was no bigger long-term question facing the global community than the threat of a climate change due to man-made greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, the focus is misplaced. It is not the atmosphere which determines the fate of the climate. It is the ocean which does it. Naval warfare during the two World Wars determined two major climate changes: a sustained warming which started at the end of World War I and lasted 20 years, and the next climatic shift which started during the winter 1939/40 and caused a four-decades global cooling. The extensive fighting at sea was a real threat for the normal course of the climate. How could the course of international conflicts have been managed if the world's leading statesmen of the 20th century had been concerned with the climatic changes due to the impact that a war at sea could have had on the ocean and on the climate? Would Adolf Hitler have reconsidered his war aims in the summer of 1939 if the United States had warned him of their immediate implication in the looming war in case his decision would bring 1000 naval ships out on sea, thus generating a substantial climatic shift? The naval war thesis is an intriguing contribution to the 'global warming issue' and has the potential of revolutionizing the current climate change debate.
Author : Arnd Bernaerts
Publisher : Trafford on Demand Pub
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : 1412090598
The book explains how naval warfare during WWI and WWII made global climate shifting direction very pronounced by a big warming in 1918 and a four decade cooling since 1940.
Author : Neta C. Crawford
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262371926
How the Pentagon became the world’s largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it’s not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption. The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world’s largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military’s growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels. The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions. Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.
Author : Rymn J. Parsons
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781584873990
"Climate change, in which man-made global warming is a major factor, will likely have dramatic and long lasting consequences with profound security implications, making it a challenge the United States must urgently take up. The security implications will be most pronounced in places where the effects of climate change are greatest, particularly affecting weak states already especially vulnerable to environmental destabilization. Two things are vitally important: stemming the tide of climate change and adapting to its far-reaching consequences. This project examines the destabilizing effects of climate change and how the military could be used to mitigate global warming and to assist at-risk peoples and states to adapt to climate change, thereby promoting stability and sustainable security. Recommendations are made on the importance of U.S. leadership on the critical issue of global warming, on defining and dealing with the strategic dimensions of climate change, and, as a case in point, on how Sino-American cooperation in Africa would not only benefit areas where climate change effects are already pronounced, but also strengthen a crucial bilateral relationship."--Abstract.
Author : Richard F. Pittenger,Robert B. Gagosian
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Global warming
ISBN : UCLA:L0087587838
Most debates and studies addressing potential climate change have focused on the buildup of industrial greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and a gradual increase in global temperatures. But this "slow ramp" climate change scenario ignores recent and rapidly advancing evidence that Earth's climate repeatedly has become much colder, warmer, wetter, or drier-in time spans as short as three to 10 years. Earth's climate system appears to have sensitive thresholds, the crossing of which shifts the system into different modes of operation and triggers rapid, non-linear, and not necessarily global changes. This new paradigm of abrupt climate change does not appear to be on the radar screens of military planners, who treat climate change as a long term, low-level threat, with mostly sociological, not national security, implications. But intense and abrupt climate changes could escalate environmental issues into unanticipated security threats, and could compromise an unprepared military. The global ocean circulation system, often called the Ocean Conveyor, can change rapidly and shift the distribution patterns of heat and rainfall over large areas of the globe. The North Atlantic region is particularly vulnerable to abrupt regional coolings linked to ocean circulation changes. Global warming and ocean circulation changes also threaten the Arctic Ocean's sea ice cover. Beyond the abrupt climatic impacts, fundamental changes in ocean circulation also have immediate naval implications. Recent evidence suggests that the oceans already may be experiencing large-scale changes that could affect Earth's climate. Military planners should begin to consider potential abrupt climate change scenarios and their impacts on national defense.
Author : Neta C. Crawford
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262047487
How the Pentagon became the world’s largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it’s not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption. The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world’s largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military’s growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels. The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions. Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.
Author : Kristen Fletcher
Publisher : Nimble Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2024-02-27
Category : History
ISBN : 1608882845
The US Navy faces daunting and historic challenges today and for many years to come. It is unable to protect even US-flagged shipping in the Red Sea from attacks by a well-armed faction of rebels in one of the poorest countries in the Middle East. In the Pacific, the USN faces a Chinese Navy that is growing rapidly, powered by Chinese shipbuilding capacity that outmasses the US 200:1. Meanwhile, national strategy imposes the new and, frankly, orthogonal, requirement that the Department of Defense, the world's largest single emitter, should be at net zero carbon emissions by 2050. These circumstances make the following 2022 thesis by ten students at the Naval War College essential, if teeth-grinding, reading. From it, the climate-change-conscious reader may hope to: - Gain valuable insights into strategies and technologies for achieving net zero emissions in the Navy by 2050, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change. - Understand the potential impact of alternative fuels, hydrogen, batteries, and renewable energy on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Navy, addressing the urgent need for sustainability and clean energy solutions. - Connect with current public concerns about climate change and the transition to a more sustainable future by exploring the Navy's efforts to reduce emissions, contribute to national and international climate action, and lead the way in decarbonizing operations. The navalist reader, most concerned with the Navy getting places on time, spending its money on war-fighting, and emerging victorious from conflict, may find the experience more frustrating-but still essential, as the logic demanding reduction in emissions is ineluctable. This annotated edition illustrates the capabilities of the AI Lab for Book-Lovers to add context and ease-of-use to manuscripts. It includes several types of abstracts, building from simplest to more complex: TLDR (one word), ELI5, TLDR (vanilla), Scientific Style, and Action Items; essays to increase viewpoint diversity, such as Grounds for Dissent, Red Team Critique, and MAGA Perspective; and Notable Passages and Nutshell Summaries for each page.
Author : Arnd Bernaerts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1949872718
The focus of Dr. Bernaerts' climate work has been to raise awareness of the importance and better understanding of the oceans to minimize the risk of anthropogenic impact on the marine environment, which may have profound impact on climate change.He discovered that major climatic shifts starting in 1850 can be linked to naval war activities during World War I, namely the warming of the Northern Hemisphere from about 1918 to 1939. Also a factor was global cooling from 1940 through mid-1970s, which started with three extraordinarily harsh winters in Europe from December 1939. In many regions the winters were the coldest in more than a century as analyzed in several studies since 2006.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2003-05-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309088602
Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.S. naval forces during warfare. This report analyzes the current environmental information system used by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and recommends ways to address uncertainty and leverage network-centric operating principles to enhance the value of environmental information.
Author : James Kraska
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011-07-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139499330
This book examines Arctic defense policy and military security from the perspective of all eight Arctic states. In light of climate change and melting ice in the Arctic Ocean, Canada, Russia, Denmark (Greenland), Norway and the United States, as well as Iceland, Sweden and Finland, are grappling with an emerging Arctic security paradigm. This volume brings together the world's most seasoned Arctic political-military experts from Europe and North America to analyze how Arctic nations are adapting their security postures to accommodate increased shipping, expanding naval presence, and energy and mineral development in the polar region. The book analyzes the ascent of Russia as the first 'Arctic superpower', the growing importance of polar security for NATO and the Nordic states, and the increasing role of Canada and the United States in the region.
Author : Arnd Bernaerts
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 9783844812848
The Second World War stands for the criminal madness of German Nazi government. Less known is their responsibility for the only climatic shift from warm to cold in an otherwise constantly warming world over the last 150 years. Not knowing the reason for the biggest climatic shift since industrialization, which started in winter 1939/40, rectifies to speak about failures of meteorology. Only four months into Second World War Northern Europe experienced the coldest winter in 100 years. The reason: plain physics! Naval war in Northern European seas released the summer heat too quickly. Polar air got free access to Europe. The same applies to the second and third war winter. Europe was back in the Little Ice Age. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7th, 1941 naval war became a global affair. In close conformity with naval war in European seas, and subsequently in the Pacific, a pronounced global cooling took place, which lasted until about the mid 1970s. Furthermore, a thorough research of strong warming in the Northern Hemisphere from winter 1918/19 to winter 1939/40 would have revealed a convincing link to naval war in Europe from 1914 to 1918. But climatology does not care! The connection between two naval wars and two climatic changes within 25 years has not yet been investigated and explained. If they had warned governments about the threat of climate change, as their successors currently do with the "greenhouse effect", naval activities in two World Wars may have been prevented, or at least been limited. Claims to understand climate should be regarded as a failure as long as meteorology is unable to explain the two most pronounced climatic shifts during the last century and the role two world wars had in this game. These two events would show that the oceans have a dominate role in the climate system, and man is able to change its direction by intensive activities in the marine environment. It took four months to generate the extreme regional winter 19
Author : Michael T. Klare
Publisher : Metropolitan Books
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781627792493
All Hell Breaking Loose is an eye-opening examination of climate change from the perspective of the U.S. military. The Pentagon, unsentimental and politically conservative, might not seem likely to be worried about climate change—still linked, for many people, with polar bears and coral reefs. Yet of all the major institutions in American society, none take climate change as seriously as the U.S. military. Both as participants in climate-triggered conflicts abroad, and as first responders to hurricanes and other disasters on American soil, the armed services are already confronting the impacts of global warming. The military now regards climate change as one of the top threats to American national security—and is busy developing strategies to cope with it. Drawing on previously obscure reports and government documents, renowned security expert Michael Klare shows that the U.S. military sees the climate threat as imperiling the country on several fronts at once. Droughts and food shortages are stoking conflicts in ethnically divided nations, with “climate refugees” producing worldwide havoc. Pandemics and other humanitarian disasters will increasingly require extensive military involvement. The melting Arctic is creating new seaways to defend. And rising seas threaten American cities and military bases themselves. While others still debate the causes of global warming, the Pentagon is intensely focused on its effects. Its response makes it clear that where it counts, the immense impact of climate change is not in doubt.
Author : W. Craig Reed
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-19
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 0990893014
Human population is skyrocketing, natural resources are dwindling, Russian aggressions are escalating, and Arctic climate changes are forging a new Cold War battleground that's about to turn hot. These alarming world events have converged to create a "perfect storm" that's thrusting the world toward unprecedented economic chaos and global conflict. In Cold War III , W. Craig Reed exposes Russian President Vladimir Putin's plan to dominate world resources, especially in the Arctic, and why the invasion of Ukraine is only the beginning. Reed also reveals details about a scientific breakthrough by the U.S. Navy that could defeat Putin, create jobs, and mitigate climate change. But unless world leaders act now, Putin's plan could plunge the free world into a nightmare scenario of poverty, despair, and chaos not seen since the Great Depression. Reed's previous non-fiction book, Red November, exposed shocking details about a top secret U.S. Navy technology, deployed worldwide by Reed's father, that allowed President John F. Kennedy to avoid World War III and trump Soviet President Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Reed's frightening revelations in Cold War III remind us that the world's superpowers are still bitter enemies, and the third Cold War is heating up rapidly deep beneath the Arctic ice.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 0309153077
Presents "the committee's findings and recommendations, at this stage of the study, under the following four key topics, which are embedded in the terms of reference: (1) naval capabilities and potential climate-change-related operational issues globally, together with the closely related matter of the role of allied partnerships in regard to such global operational issues; (2) climate change impacts on global naval installations; (3) naval capabilities and potential climate-change-related operational issues in the Arctic; and (4) climate-change-related technical issues impacting naval operations, particularly in the Arctic"--Page 3.
