Clitics

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A Handbook of Slavic Clitics

Steven Franks,Tracy Holloway King
A Handbook of Slavic Clitics Book PDF

Author : Steven Franks,Tracy Holloway King
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2000-03-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199729425

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A Handbook of Slavic Clitics by Steven Franks,Tracy Holloway King Pdf

Clitics are grammatical elements that are treated as independent words in syntax but form a phonological unit with the word that precedes or follows it. This volume brings together the facts about clitics in the Slavic languages, where they have become a focal points of recent research. The authors draw relevant generalizations across the Slavic languages and highlight the importance of these phenomena for linguistic theory.

On the Placement and Morphology of Clitics

Aaron Halpern
On the Placement and Morphology of Clitics Book PDF

Author : Aaron Halpern
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language (CSLI)
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1881526607

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On the Placement and Morphology of Clitics by Aaron Halpern Pdf

Using data from a variety of languages, this book investigates the place of clitics in the theory of language structure, and their implications for the relationships between syntax, morphology and phonology. It is argued that the least powerful theory of language requires us to recognise at least two classes of clitics, one with the syntax of independent phrases and the other with the syntax of inflectional affixes. It is also argued that prosodic conditions may influence the surface position of clitics beyond what may be accomplished by filtering potential syntactic structures. Finally, the relationship between syntactic, morphological, and phonological constituents within wordlike elements is explored.

Clitics Between Syntax and Lexicon

Birgit Gerlach
Clitics Between Syntax and Lexicon Book PDF

Author : Birgit Gerlach
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027227721

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Clitics Between Syntax and Lexicon by Birgit Gerlach Pdf

As a typical interface phenomenon, clitics have become increasingly important in linguistic theory during the last decade. The present book contributes to the recent discussion and first provides a comprehensive overview of clitic sequencing, clitic placement and clitic doubling in the major Romance languages. In addition, new data from a northern Italian dialect are introduced. The author then gives a critical summary of the current morphological analyses of clitic phenomena. She also discusses recent Optimality-theoretical analyses of clitic combinations and clitic placement and shows how these analyses can be improved upon when we also consider a morphological treatment of clitics. This book provides innovative solutions to clitic phenomena within the framework of a constraint-based morphological theory and will be of interest not only to morphologists, syntacticians and those working on the grammar of Romance languages, but also to linguists who are interested in the organisation of the grammar and the lexicon.

Clitics in the Languages of Europe

Henk van Riemsdijk
Clitics in the Languages of Europe Book PDF

Author : Henk van Riemsdijk
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 1048 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011-03-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110804010

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Clitics in the Languages of Europe by Henk van Riemsdijk Pdf

The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.

Clitics

Andrew Spencer,Ana R. Luis
Clitics Book PDF

Author : Andrew Spencer,Ana R. Luis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139560313

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Clitics by Andrew Spencer,Ana R. Luis Pdf

In most languages we find 'little words' which resemble a full word, but which cannot stand on their own. Instead they have to 'lean on' a neighbouring word, like the 'd, 've and unstressed 'em of Kim'd've helped'em ('Kim would have helped them'). These are clitics, and they are found in most of the world's languages. In English the clitic forms appear in the same place in the sentence that the full form of the word would appear in but in many languages clitics obey quite separate rules of placement. This book is the first introduction to clitics, providing a complete summary of their properties, their uses, the reasons why they are of interest to linguists and the various theoretical approaches that have been proposed for them. The book describes a whole host of clitic systems and presents data from over 100 languages.

Clitics

Joel Ashmore Nevis
Clitics Book PDF

Author : Joel Ashmore Nevis
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027237484

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Clitics by Joel Ashmore Nevis Pdf

This bibliography provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles, books, and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters, e.g. affixes, words, word order, movement, sandhi, etc. The beginning point for the bibliographic entries is 1892, taking Jacob Wackernagel's classic work as the point of departure, and the entries cover the subsequent 100-year period. Each entury is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item. Nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index, based on the descriptors, which can aid in topical searches for relevant material. Prefatory matter includes an essay “What is a Clitic?” by Arnold M. Zwicky, a brief consideration of Wackernagel's scholarly career by Brian D. Joseph, and information on the format and use of the book itself.

Clitics

Andrew Spencer,Ana R. Luis
Clitics Book PDF

Author : Andrew Spencer,Ana R. Luis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780521682923

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Clitics by Andrew Spencer,Ana R. Luis Pdf

In most languages we find 'little words' which resemble a full word, but which cannot stand on their own. Instead they have to 'lean on' a neighbouring word, like the 'd, 've and unstressed 'em of Kim'd've helped'em ('Kim would have helped them'). These are clitics, and they are found in most of the world's languages. In English the clitic forms appear in the same place in the sentence that the full form of the word would appear in but in many languages clitics obey quite separate rules of placement. This book is the first introduction to clitics, providing a complete summary of their properties, their uses, the reasons why they are of interest to linguists and the various theoretical approaches that have been proposed for them. The book describes a whole host of clitic systems and presents data from over 100 languages.

Serbian Clitics

Jasmina Milićević
Serbian Clitics Book PDF

Author : Jasmina Milićević
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027254641

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Serbian Clitics by Jasmina Milićević Pdf

Clitics, those “funny little words” like English contracted future tense and pluperfect tense/conditional mood markers (’ll and ’d) or French pronominal objects (le ‘him’, la ‘her’, lui ‘to him/her’, etc.), have long been a source of fascination for linguists. Lacking an inherent stress that characterizes “well-behaved” words, clitics prosodically depend on a stressed sentence element, called their host, which makes them look and, in some contexts, behave like affixes (parts of words). Some clitics, Serbian second-position clitics being the case in point, also obey stringent linear ordering rules, different from those holding for fully-fledged sentence elements. This monograph offers a comprehensive formalized description of second-position clitics in standard Serbian from the viewpoint of the Meaning-Text theory, an approach relying on syntactic dependencies and oriented towards speech production, which sets it apart from most contemporary frameworks. It will be of interest for general linguists, Slavists, and advanced learners of Serbian.

Challenging Clitics

Christine Meklenborg Salvesen,Hans Petter Helland
Challenging Clitics Book PDF

Author : Christine Meklenborg Salvesen,Hans Petter Helland
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027271945

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Challenging Clitics by Christine Meklenborg Salvesen,Hans Petter Helland Pdf

Challenging Clitics deals with multiple sides of cliticisation from different theoretical frameworks and with data from a number of different languages. Unlike many other books on clitics where clitics are considered from a mere syntactical point of view, this book also discusses the acquisition of clitics; the role of the PF in cliticisation; the morphophonological aspects of cliticisation; and historical change – to name but a few of the approaches presented. As such this collection presents cutting edge theoretical considerations as well as new data on clitics. Taken together, the contributions in this volume not only provide insight into the extremely complex nature of clitics, but also into derivations and structures in language that go beyond the study of clitics themselves.

Clitics in Phonology, Morphology and Syntax

Birgit Gerlach,Janet Grijzenhout
Clitics in Phonology Morphology and Syntax Book PDF

Author : Birgit Gerlach,Janet Grijzenhout
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2001-02-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027299192

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Clitics in Phonology, Morphology and Syntax by Birgit Gerlach,Janet Grijzenhout Pdf

This book contains fourteen articles that reflect current ideas on the phonology, morphology, and syntax of clitics. It covers the forms and functions of clitics in various typologically diverse languages and presents data from, e.g. European Portuguese, Macedonian, and Yoruba. It extensively deals with the prosodic structure of clitics, their morphological status, clitic placement, and clitic doubling. The form and behavior of clitics with respect to tonal phenomena and in verse are discussed in two articles (Akinlabi & Liberman, Reindl & Franks). Other articles address the prosodic representation of clitics in Irish (Green), the differences in the acquisition of clitics and strong pronouns in Catalan (Escobar & Gavarro), the similarities between clitics and affixes or words in Romance and Bantu languages (Cocchi, Crysmann, Monachesi, Ortman & Popescu), the semantics of clitics in the Greek DP and in Spanish doubling (Alexiadou & Stavrou, Uriagereka), and complex problems concerning verbal clitics in Romanian and Balkan languages (Legendre, Spencer, Tomic).

Romance Object Clitics

Diego Pescarini
Romance Object Clitics Book PDF

Author : Diego Pescarini
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198864387

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Romance Object Clitics by Diego Pescarini Pdf

This book offers an empirical and theoretical exploration of the development of object clitic pronouns in the Romance languages, drawing on data from Latin, medieval vernaculars, modern Romance languages, and lesser-known dialects. Diego Pescarini examines phonological, morphological, and especially syntactic aspects of Romance object clitics, using the findings to reconstruct their evolution from Latin to Romance and to model clitic placement in modern Romance languages. On the theoretical side, the volume engages with previous accounts of clitics, particularly in generative theory. It challenges the received idea that cliticization resulted from a form of syntactic deficiency; instead, it proposes that clitics resulted from the feature endowment of discourse features, which initially caused freezing of certain pronominal forms and then - through reanalysis - their successive incorporation to verbal hosts. This approach leads to a revision of earlier analyses of well-known phenomena such as interpolation, climbing, and enclisis/proclisis alternations, and to new approaches to issues including V2 syntax, scrambling, and stylistic fronting, among many others.

Aspects of the Theory of Clitics

Stephen Anderson
Aspects of the Theory of Clitics Book PDF

Author : Stephen Anderson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005-09-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191535550

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Aspects of the Theory of Clitics by Stephen Anderson Pdf

This is the first book to cover the grammar of clitics from all points of view, including their phonology and syntax and relation to morphology. In the process, it deals with the relation of second position clitics to verb-second phenomena in Germanic and other languages, the grammar of contracted auxiliary verbs in English, noun incorporation constructions, and several other much discussed topics in grammar. Stephen Anderson includes analyses of a number of particular languages, and some of these - such as Kwakw'ala (“Kwakiutl”) and Surmiran Rumantsch - are based on his own field research. The study of clitics has broad implications for a general understanding of sentence structure in natural language. Stephen Anderson's clearly-written, wide-ranging, and original account will be of wide interest to scholars and advanced students of phonology, morphology, and syntax.

Pronouns and Clitics in Early Language

Pilar Larranaga,Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes
Pronouns and Clitics in Early Language Book PDF

Author : Pilar Larranaga,Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110238815

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Pronouns and Clitics in Early Language by Pilar Larranaga,Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes Pdf

Traditional grammars have stated that clitics are subject or object pronouns whose distributional features make them different from personal pronouns. This book focuses on the acquisition of personal and demonstrative pronouns as well as clitics with respect to determinative phrases in a variety of languages of the Romance family and several indigenous languages, such as Quechua. A particularly original aspect of the present volume is that it not only addresses syntactic issues, but also semantic and pragmatic questions that have been widely neglected in the literature. It also reports on acquisition data of languages, such as Quechua, which have not attracted the attention of researchers until very recently.

Clitics in Greek

Marios Mavrogiorgos
Clitics in Greek Book PDF

Author : Marios Mavrogiorgos
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027255433

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Clitics in Greek by Marios Mavrogiorgos Pdf

This monograph investigates the morpho-syntactic and other properties of clitic pronouns in Greek and offers a grammar of proclisis and enclisis in light of Chomsky s (1995, 2001a, 2005) Minimalist Program. It explores the nature of clitics as syntactic topicalizers which are probed by structurally higher verbal heads to which they move and into which they incorporate morpho-syntactically. A theory is advanced according to which cliticization derives from syntactic agreement between (the phi-features of) a clitic pronoun and a phase head, v* in the case of proclisis and CM in the case of enclisis. Incorporation of the clitic into its host is argued to depend on two factors, i.e. the fact that the clitic only contains a subset of the features of its host, and the fact that the edge of the host is accessible. Also, the syntax of strong pronouns and their relation to clitics, of negated imperatives, of surrogate imperatives and of free clitic ordering in Greek enclisis are also discussed. This monograph would appeal to syntacticians and morphologists as well as to those interested in Greek and more generally in clitic syntax."

Spanish Clitics on the Move

Elisabeth Mayer
Spanish Clitics on the Move Book PDF

Author : Elisabeth Mayer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-04-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781501500886

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Spanish Clitics on the Move by Elisabeth Mayer Pdf

This volume explores the complex relationship between primary agreement by means of object marking or differential object marking (DOM), and secondary agreement through clitics in non-standardized variation data from Limeño Spanish contact varieties (LSCV). As such it is concerned with diachronic as well as synchronic morphosyntactic variation of the third person object pronoun paradigm, so called clitics, as used in Standard Spanish and non-standardized Spanish contact dialects. The argumentation as well as the data presented cross diachronic and synchronic boundaries.