Cocoa Industry

Author : Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466598232

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Cocoa Production and Processing Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa Pdf

One of the largest food commodities exported from the developing countries to the rest of the world, cocoa has gained increasing attention on the global market—raising many questions about its quality, sustainability and traceability. Cocoa Production and Processing Technology presents detailed explanations of the technologies that could be employed to assure sustainable production of high-quality and safe cocoa beans for the global confectionary industry. It provides overviews of up-to-date technologies and approaches to modern cocoa production practices, global production and consumption trends as well as principles of cocoa processing and chocolate manufacture. The book covers the origin, history and taxonomy of cocoa, and examines the fairtrade and organic cocoa industries and their influence on smallholder farmers. The chapters provide in-depth coverage of cocoa cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest treatments with a focus on cocoa bean composition, genotypic variations and their influence on quality, post-harvest pre-treatments, fermentation techniques, drying, storage and transportation. The author provides details on cocoa fermentation processes as well as the biochemical and microbiological changes involved and how they influence flavour. He also addresses cocoa trading systems, bean selection and quality criteria, as well as industrial processing of fermented and dried cocoa beans into liquor, cake, butter and powder. The book examines the general principles of chocolate manufacture, detailing the various stages of the processes involved, the factors that influence the quality characteristics and strategies to avoid post-processing quality defects. This volume presents innovative techniques for sustainability and traceability in high-quality cocoa production and explores new product development with potential for cost reduction as well as improved cocoa bean and chocolate product quality.

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210579278

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Cocoa Industry by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Pdf

This publication examines the vertical and horizontal integration in the cocoa industry and its potential impacts on stakeholders along the value chain, in particular small cocoa farmers who constitute the backbone of cocoa production worldwide. It contends that the concentration pattern observed at all segments of cocoa GVC may have contributed to a high level of efficiency, but could become problematic, in particular if it fosters oligopsonic/monopsonic or monopolistic/oligopolistic behaviour in the industry with detrimental effects for small players. It also discusses the extent of integration of cocoa farmers into international markets by assessing the transmission of international cocoa prices to the domestic prices paid to farmers. The results suggest that transmission has increased with trade liberalizing reforms undertaken by cocoa producing countries, but, overall, the outcomes are mixed, so far. The reforms have increased the exposure of farmers to the vagaries of international markets, but they are not associated with a significant, if any, increase in the share of world prices of cocoa accruing to farmers. In order to make cocoa cultivation a more viable source of livelihoods for farmers, and ensure a sustainable global cocoa economy, it would be essential for governments and other stakeholders to implement policies that enable cocoa farmers to increase their incomes. The publication is useful for governments of cocoa producing countries, development practitioners, including agricultural economists and the private sector, with an interest in empowering farmers, and in the development of a sustainable cocoa economy. Ultimately, it should make an invaluable contribution to the debate on how to reduce poverty, and attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with their commitment to ''leave no on behind'', especially in cocoa farming communities.

Author : Olisa Muojama
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781527515529

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The Nigerian Cocoa Industry and the International Economy in the 1930s by Olisa Muojama Pdf

Periodic cycles and waves are characteristics of global capitalism. The contraction in world trade during the Great Depression of the 1930s stands out as the strongest adverse shock to international trade in modern history. This book uses the Nigerian cocoa industry’s encounter with the world economy of the 1930s to knit together a gamut of themes ranging from the social formations of production to the forces of demand and supply, and price fluctuations and stabilization, as well as the protest movements against monopoly capitalism. It examines the Nigerian cocoa industry within the international economy of the inter-war years, in order to demonstrate how the dynamics of the international capitalism of the 1930s such as the Great Depression and the fluctuations in commodity prices affected the cocoa industry and the peasant cocoa producers in colonial Nigeria. It provides an interesting case study of the impact of international capitalism on the periphery economy, as well as the consequences of economic dependence on the external market. This book will be an indispensable resource for historians, economists, anthropologists and the general reader with an interest in the areas of international political economy, depression economics, world commodity trade, and agriculture and its related industries.

Author : Kristy Leissle
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781509513208

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Cocoa by Kristy Leissle Pdf

Chocolate has long been a favorite indulgence. But behind every chocolate bar we unwrap, there is a world of power struggles and political maneuvering over its most important ingredient: cocoa. In this incisive book, Kristy Leissle reveals how cocoa, which brings pleasure and wealth to relatively few, depends upon an extensive global trade system that exploits the labor of five million growers, as well as countless other workers and vulnerable groups. The reality of this dramatic inequity, she explains, is often masked by the social, cultural, emotional, and economic values humans have placed upon cocoa from its earliest cultivation in Mesoamerica to the present day. Tracing the cocoa value chain from farms in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, through to chocolate factories in Europe and North America, Leissle shows how cocoa has been used as a political tool to wield power over others. Cocoa's politicization is not, however, limitless: it happens within botanical parameters set by the crop itself, and the material reality of its transport, storage, and manufacture into chocolate. As calls for justice in the industry have grown louder, Leissle reveals the possibilities for and constraints upon realizing a truly sustainable and fulfilling livelihood for cocoa growers, and for keeping the world full of chocolate.

Author : Carol Off
Publisher : Vintage Canada
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780307370792

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Bitter Chocolate by Carol Off Pdf

Award-winning author and broadcaster Carol Off reveals the fascinating—and often horrifying—stories behind our desire for all things chocolate. Whether it’s part of a Hallowe’en haul, the contents of a heart-shaped box or just a candy bar stashed in a desk drawer, chocolate is synonymous with pleasures both simple and indulgent. But behind the sweet image is a long history of exploitation. In the eighteenth century the European aristocracy went wild for the Aztec delicacy. In later years, colonial territories were ravaged and slaves imported in droves as native populations died out under the strain of feeding the world’s appetite for chocolate. Carol Off traces the origins of the cocoa craze and follows chocolate’s evolution under such overseers as Hershey, Cadbury and Mars. In Côte d’Ivoire, the West African nation that produces nearly half of the world’s cocoa beans, she follows a dark and dangerous seam of greed. Against a backdrop of civil war and corruption, desperately poor farmers engage in appalling practices such as the indentured servitude of young boys—children who don’t even know what chocolate tastes like. Off shows that, with the complicity of Western governments and corporations, unethical practices continue to thrive. Bitter Chocolate is a social history, a passionate investigative account and an eye-opening exposé of the workings of a multi-billion dollar industry that has institutionalized misery as it served our pleasures.

Author : Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781040077153

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Cocoa Production and Processing Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa Pdf

This book presents detailed explanations of technologies for sustainable production of high-quality and safe cocoa beans for the global confectionary industry. It describes up-to-date technologies and approaches to modern cocoa production practices, global production and consumption trends as well as principles of cocoa processing and chocolate manufacture. It covers the origin, history and taxonomy of cocoa, and examines the fairtrade and organic cocoa industries. The chapters provide in-depth coverage of cocoa cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest treatments, genotypic variations, fermentation techniques, drying, storage and transportation.

Author : S. T. Beckett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461521112

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Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use by S. T. Beckett Pdf

Author : Kolavalli, Shashidhara,Vigneri, Marcella
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2018-02-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896292680

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The cocoa coast: The board-managed cocoa sector in Ghana by Kolavalli, Shashidhara,Vigneri, Marcella Pdf

After almost 20 years of declining cocoa production, Ghana has been able in the last decade to increase the share of export prices going to producers and more than double production. Contrary to Washington Consensus prescriptions, these accomplishments were achieved through reforms that did not include market liberalization. In The Cocoa Coast: The Board-Managed Cocoa Sector in Ghana, the authors identify factors that have contributed to Ghana’s success in cocoa production. These include the accountability of the government for the sector’s performance (cocoa-sector performance being seen as a key dimension of economic management), its interest in maintaining the ability to raise funds globally as a reliable supplier of high-quality cocoa, and its policy of retaining a portion of producer revenues to promote the adoption of yield-enhancing measures. The authors also suggest how Ghana can improve the efficiency of the cocoa sector through measures such as increased transparency and curtailing services that would be better provided by the private sector. The Cocoa Coast will be a valuable resource for policy makers, development specialists, and others interested in different national development paths.

Author : Elevina Pèrez Sira
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Cocoa
ISBN : 1536134562

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The Uses of Cocoa and Cupuaçu Byproducts in Industry, Health, and Gastronomy by Elevina Pèrez Sira Pdf

This book compiles technical, chemical and nutritional information in regards to the main species of the Theobroma genus, T. cacao and T. grandiflorum. The use of Theobroma cacao processing residues (pod and bean husks) as organic fertilizers, ingredients for animal feeding, sources of enzymes, fiber, hydrocolloids, and antioxidants, industrial biosorbents, and polymers for foams to formulate culture media, such as alkalis for soap production and as phenylalanine-free ingredients are discussed. T. cacao and T. grandiflorum phytochemical composition changes during processing and its importance on consumer health is stressed in order to contribute to clarify phytochemical function, their chemical structure, and how post-harvest processing could change them. The innovative use of chocolate as a carrier of encapsulated probiotics is also discussed. The development and application of the micro-encapsulation to increase the resistance of probiotic strains in chocolate-based matrices, uses of the main probiotic strains in the production of chocolates and derivatives, research involving the incorporation of probiotics in chocolates, and related products and symbiotic chocolates and future prospects in this area are all emphsized. The correlation between the consumption of cocoa and chocolate and human health is stressed, and experimental studies that have pointed out the beneficial effects of cocoa and dark chocolate consumption are compiled and discussed. This book reports research that clearly demonstrates that cocoa components have an important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photo-protective role in pathologies (cognitive impairment, inflammatory bowel disease, dental health, skin photo-protection, and cancer) in which inflammation is one of the main features. Byproducts from the Theobroma genus are without a doubt one of the main ingredients in the gastronomic and food styling area. This book compiles recipes of both salty and sweet cuisine, as well as beverages prepared with ingredients from T. cacao and T. grandiflorum. The recipes are detailed with their correspondent nutritional information. This research shows that the versatility of products from Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum are traditional, yet contemporary in a variety of beautiful and fancy dishes in gourmet cuisine.

Author : Peter Aikpokpodion
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781839627323

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Theobroma Cacao by Peter Aikpokpodion Pdf

Almost five million tonnes of cocoa produced annually drives the US$100 billion global chocolate industry. To sustain the industry, cacao planting materials (seeds and clones) have been successfully moved from the Amazon forests in America to the humid tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and Australia. In more than 150 years of commercial cacao cultivation, smallholder farmers that supply the bulk of cocoa beans still face several production constraints that impede their efficiency. Scientific technologies have therefore been deployed to remove these constraints by ensuring a continuous supply of good quality cocoa beans to meet growing global demand. This book provides insight into these scientific advances to address these current and emerging problems and to assure the sustainability of the global cocoa industry.

Author : Edoh Adabe, K.,Ngo-Samnick L.
Publisher : CTA
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789290815662

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Cocoa by Edoh Adabe, K.,Ngo-Samnick L. Pdf

A highly nutritious crop, cocoa constitutes a significant source of income for small-scale producers. Attractively presented, with full-colour illustrations, tables and step-by-step guides, the text clearly sets out the procedure to start growing cocoa. In addition to recommending a technical schedule for the production of cocoa plants, the guide stresses the importance of phytosanitary protection and post-harvest operations. Useful advice and economic information on the sector is also given in later chapters.

Author : Paul Chrystal
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-20
Category : Cooking
ISBN : 9780747813132

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Chocolate by Paul Chrystal Pdf

Kit Kat, Turkish Delight, Creme Egg, Rolo and All Gold: they are all as much a part of British life as were the companies that made them and which led the chocolate revolution in the nineteenth century: Rowntree's, Fry's, Cadbury's, Mackintosh and Terry's. This book charts the history of chocolate manufacture, marketing and consumption in Britain from its origins in the eighteenth century. It then describes the golden age from 1900 to the 1970s and the subsequent US and Swiss invasions, spearheaded by brands such as Mars, Toblerone and Nestlé's Milky Bar, including the takeovers by Nestle and Kraft.

Author : François Ruf,P S Siswoputranto
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1995-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1855732157

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Cocoa Cycles by François Ruf,P S Siswoputranto Pdf

The cyclical boom-to-recession nature of the economics of cocoa supply is a major problem for the international cocoa industry - and especially for countries whose economies depend on cocoa exports. Only through an understanding of the dynamics of cocoa cycles can policy decisions be made through the various phases of supply cycles. Based on a major international cocoa conference, this book presents seventeen edited papers from leading experts, making a major contribution to that understanding. It explains the powerful economic, social and political factors which impact on the cocoa economy. It shows the laws of cocoa supply are closely linked to environmental, ecological and institutional factors.

Author : Jeanne Mager Stellman
Publisher : International Labour Organization
Page : 1266 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9221098168

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Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety by Jeanne Mager Stellman Pdf

Author : Doreen Pendgracs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06
Category : Chocolate
ISBN : 0991890108

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Chocolatour by Doreen Pendgracs Pdf