Cognitive Biases

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Cognitive Biases in Visualizations

Geoffrey Ellis
Cognitive Biases in Visualizations Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey Ellis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319958316

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Cognitive Biases in Visualizations by Geoffrey Ellis Pdf

This book brings together the latest research in this new and exciting area of visualization, looking at classifying and modelling cognitive biases, together with user studies which reveal their undesirable impact on human judgement, and demonstrating how visual analytic techniques can provide effective support for mitigating key biases. A comprehensive coverage of this very relevant topic is provided though this collection of extended papers from the successful DECISIVe workshop at IEEE VIS, together with an introduction to cognitive biases and an invited chapter from a leading expert in intelligence analysis. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations will be of interest to a wide audience from those studying cognitive biases to visualization designers and practitioners. It offers a choice of research frameworks, help with the design of user studies, and proposals for the effective measurement of biases. The impact of human visualization literacy, competence and human cognition on cognitive biases are also examined, as well as the notion of system-induced biases. The well referenced chapters provide an excellent starting point for gaining an awareness of the detrimental effect that some cognitive biases can have on users’ decision-making. Human behavior is complex and we are only just starting to unravel the processes involved and investigate ways in which the computer can assist, however the final section supports the prospect that visual analytics, in particular, can counter some of the more common cognitive errors, which have been proven to be so costly.

Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders

Tatjana Aue,Hadas Okon-Singer
Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders Book PDF

Author : Tatjana Aue,Hadas Okon-Singer
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128166611

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Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders by Tatjana Aue,Hadas Okon-Singer Pdf

Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders: Neurophysiological Foundations focuses on the neurophysiological basis of biases in attention, interpretation, expectancy and memory. Each chapter includes a review of each specific bias, including both positive and negative information in both healthy individuals and psychiatric populations. This book provides readers with major theories, methods used in investigating biases, brain regions associated with the related bias, and autonomic responses to specific biases. Its end goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the neural, autonomic and cognitive mechanisms related to processing biases. Outlines neurophysiological research on diverse types of information processing bias, including attention bias, expectancy bias, interpretation bias, and memory bias Discusses both normal and pathological forms of each cognitive biases Provides specific examples on how to translate research on cognitive biases to clinical applications

Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process

Juárez Ramos, Verónica
Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision Making Process Book PDF

Author : Juárez Ramos, Verónica
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781522529798

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Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process by Juárez Ramos, Verónica Pdf

Decision making or making judgments is an essential function in the ordinary life of any individual. Decisions can often be made easily, but sometimes, it can be difficult due to conflict, uncertainty, or ambiguity of the variables required to make the decision. As human beings, we constantly have to decide between different activities such as occupational, recreational, political, economic, etc. These decisions can be transcendental or inconsequential. Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process presents comprehensive research focusing on cognitive shortcuts in the decision-making process. While highlighting topics including jumping to conclusion bias, personality traits, and theoretical models, this book is ideally designed for mental health professionals, psychologists, sociologists, managers, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students seeking current research on cognitive biases that affect individual decision making in daily life.

Cognitive Biases

J.-P. Caverni,J.-M. Fabre,M. Gonzalez
Cognitive Biases Book PDF

Author : J.-P. Caverni,J.-M. Fabre,M. Gonzalez
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1990-08-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080867227

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Cognitive Biases by J.-P. Caverni,J.-M. Fabre,M. Gonzalez Pdf

Many studies in cognitive psychology have provided evidence of systematic deviations in cognitive task performance relative to that dictated by optimality, rationality, or coherency. The texts in this volume present an account of research into the cognitive biases observed on various tasks: reasoning, categorization, evaluation, and probabilistic and confidence judgments. The authors have attempted to discern the contribution of the study of bias to our understanding of the cognitive processes involved in each case, rather than proposing an inventory of the different types of biases. A special section has been devoted to studies on the correction of biases and cognitive aids.

Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes

Jonathan Howard
Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Howard
Publisher : Springer
Page : 588 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319932248

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Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes by Jonathan Howard Pdf

This case-based book illustrates and explores common cognitive biases and their consequences in the practice of medicine. The book begins with an introduction that explains the concept of cognitive errors and their importance in clinical medicine and current controversies within healthcare. The core of the book features chapters dedicated to particular cognitive biases; cases are presented and followed by a discussion of the clinician's rationale and an overview of the particular cognitive bias. Engaging and easy to read, this text provides strategies on minimizing cognitive errors in various medical and professional settings.

BIASES and HEURISTICS

Henry Priest
BIASES and HEURISTICS Book PDF

Author : Henry Priest
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1078432317

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BIASES and HEURISTICS by Henry Priest Pdf

Powerful Hidden Forces (Biases) Impair Our Decisions. Here is a Comprehensive Collection Biases to Help You Understand How They Work and How to Overcome Them Are you a manager in the financial services sector, and wish to avoid a situation like the recent financial crisis? Do you know that all of us have mental blind spots which prevent us from being rational? If you have seen or read about the recent financial crisis that straddled across the globe and brought down some of the oldest and most venerated financial institutions in the world, then you need this book! In this book, I share authentic research findings on cognitive biases and how they impact our judgment. These are powerful biases that you must avoid in order to succeed. Improve Your Judgment by Knowing How Biases Work This book is a comprehensive guide on cognitive biases, with inputs from real academic research with full references. If you are a financial sector executive and want to learn how to improve decisions, then this book is for you. In this book you will: * Identify the most powerful cognitive biases that impair business and financial decisions * Understand how cognitive biases work * Learn techniques to overcome them Here are the answers to some questions you might have about this book: Q: What is this book about? A: This book is a guide on how to identify cognitive biases. In this book, you learn about powerful biases which afflict the world of business and banking. Understanding how biases work (Bias-in-Action) can help avoid these biases, and at times even use the presence of biases in our competitors to our advantage. Q: What kind of techniques will I get to learn in this book? A: This is a comprehensive collection of all empirically proven cognitive biases that impair our decisions. In this book, I bring out the most powerful cognitive biases that impair judgment. You will also get to learn about more biases that impair decisions in business and banking. Q: Do I need to have prior qualifications before I read this book? A: The only thing that is required is your keenness to learn. Some experience in the financial sector or knowledge of basic economics can make the grasping faster, but it is not a prerequisite. Every day that you delay is another day that you stagnate in your growth as a manager-leader. Take action now and buy this book by clicking the 'Buy now with 1-click' button

Cognitive Biases

Jerrell Forman
Cognitive Biases Book PDF

Author : Jerrell Forman
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798653619465

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Cognitive Biases by Jerrell Forman Pdf

Have you thought about developing your thinking skills? Do you want to stop making bad decisions or letting biases or emotions get in the way? Then you've come to the right place. Are you fed up with not being able to make the right call when under pressure? Is it time to admit that you need to ditch your terrible decision-making skills and learn something that really does work? If the answer is "Yes!" then this is the book for you. It comes down to this: being able to think logically really isn't that hard, whether you have enrolled in various training programs or not. You might be surprised to learn that it is even easier than you imagine. In this book, I will show you various scientific studies and research that explain exactly how human minds work and how you can improve your problem-solving and thinking skills. This means that you can become a more objective thinker without wasting too much time and money. Here's just some of what you will learn: 10 shocking truths about how humans think. The 20 most common cognitive biases to watch out for. 4 ways to beat your own biases. How our beliefs influence our thoughts, behaviors, and actions. 10 mind hacks to be a better thinker. How to sharpen your logical thinking skills. And much more! Stop and think for a minute how you will feel when you unlock the secrets to the mind. What will your friends and family think when you always make great decisions? It doesn't matter if you are someone who has always made impulsive decisions-you can still gain massive improvement in your thinking capabilities and learn how to make better decisions. It's true! And if you truly want to be free from bias and become an objective thinker, then scroll up and click "Add to Cart."

Heuristics and Biases

Thomas Gilovich,Dale Griffin,Daniel Kahneman
Heuristics and Biases Book PDF

Author : Thomas Gilovich,Dale Griffin,Daniel Kahneman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 884 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2002-07-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 0521796792

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Heuristics and Biases by Thomas Gilovich,Dale Griffin,Daniel Kahneman Pdf

This book, first published in 2002, compiles psychologists' best attempts to answer important questions about intuitive judgment.

The 25 Cognitive Biases

Kai Musashi
The 25 Cognitive Biases Book PDF

Author : Kai Musashi
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1532703236

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The 25 Cognitive Biases by Kai Musashi Pdf

The 25 Cognitive Biases You NEED To Know! Want To Get Ahead In Life? Well You've Come To The Right Place... Learn These 25 Cognitive Biases Today! Have you ever found yourself wondering why you make the decisions you make? Why you seem to like the same things as others, or why you believe only what you want to believe? Well, it may be because certain Cognitive Biases are working-and they're slowly taking over your brain. Now, this really isn't something good because it means you are somehow not in control of yourself anymore. Cognitive Biases also begin to blind you. They make you believe in certain things that could cloud your judgment-and that's why you do the things you do. However, there's a way for you to fight these Cognitive Biases-and you'll find them all right here! With the help of this book, you'd learn about the 25 Cognitive Biases-what they're about, and how to stop being their victim! Read this book now and be a better, more decisive, and confident you in time!

Overcoming Cognitive Biases

E. Scott Fruehwald
Overcoming Cognitive Biases Book PDF

Author : E. Scott Fruehwald
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-28
Category : Cognition
ISBN : 1546902686

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Overcoming Cognitive Biases by E. Scott Fruehwald Pdf

Comedian Bill Maher recently declared, "Apple, Google, Facebook, they are essentially drug dealers." Similarly, 60 Minutes had a segment on "brain hacking." What were Maher and 60 Minutes talking about? Brain biases that clog up our thinking and allow us to be manipulated by others. The human thinking process is imperfect. The brain evolved. Parts of our brains today are remnants of the brains our early ancestors had, brains which had developed to survive under very different conditions from today. These remnants produce cognitive biases-ways of thinking that are different from reality. Individuals need to overcome their cognitive biases in order to think more clearly and avoid being manipulated by others. I have written this book for anyone who wants to understand cognitive biases and begin to overcome them. First, I give you the big picture. I discuss the basics of cognitive biases and the dangers of biased thinking. Then, I ask you to look at your inner self through a series of questions and exercises. Next, I deal with specific cognitive biases, such as optimism biases, negativity biases, biases concerning others, and behavioral economic biases, and I help you deal with these biases through a series of exercises. Then, I ask you to apply what you have learned in more complicated exercises. Finally, the Epilogue shows you how Uber is using brain biases to control their drivers and how smartphone and social media are employing these biases to get you to stay on-line longer.

Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition

Timothy L. Hubbard
Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Timothy L. Hubbard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781107154988

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Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition by Timothy L. Hubbard Pdf

Numerous spatial biases influence navigation, interactions, and preferences in our environment. This volume considers their influences on perception and memory.

Biased

Henry Priest
Biased Book PDF

Author : Henry Priest
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1070367524

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Biased by Henry Priest Pdf

The Rational Man?Homo sapiens, the biological name for humans, literally means discerning, wise or sensible human being. But, are humans really sensible or rational? The Biased BrainResearch in psychology and economics has shown that human beings are systematically irrational. Not only do they misjudge situations, but they do it in fairly predictable patterns. Famous BiasesThis compilation of academic research by eminent psychologists and economists presents 50 famous cognitive biases that impair our judgment. These biases occur frequently and affect us all - from the baker to the banker, the pariah to the priest. 'Bias-in-Action' Alongside the biases you will find an easy-to-use tool or 'Bias-in-Action' to help you understand how the bias operates and prepare you for possible counter to them. FREE Bonus!Upon buying this paperback, you get a copy of its Kindle eBook, absolutely FREE!

Strategic Instincts

Dominic D. P. Johnson
Strategic Instincts Book PDF

Author : Dominic D. P. Johnson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691210605

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Strategic Instincts by Dominic D. P. Johnson Pdf

"A very timely book."—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New America How cognitive biases can guide good decision making in politics and international relations A widespread assumption in political science and international relations is that cognitive biases—quirks of the brain we all share as human beings—are detrimental and responsible for policy failures, disasters, and wars. In Strategic Instincts, Dominic Johnson challenges this assumption, explaining that these nonrational behaviors can actually support favorable results in international politics and contribute to political and strategic success. By studying past examples, he considers the ways that cognitive biases act as “strategic instincts,” lending a competitive edge in policy decisions, especially under conditions of unpredictability and imperfect information. Drawing from evolutionary theory and behavioral sciences, Johnson looks at three influential cognitive biases—overconfidence, the fundamental attribution error, and in-group/out-group bias. He then examines the advantageous as well as the detrimental effects of these biases through historical case studies of the American Revolution, the Munich Crisis, and the Pacific campaign in World War II. He acknowledges the dark side of biases—when confidence becomes hubris, when attribution errors become paranoia, and when group bias becomes prejudice. Ultimately, Johnson makes a case for a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive biases and argues that in the complex world of international relations, strategic instincts can, in the right context, guide better performance. Strategic Instincts shows how an evolutionary perspective can offer the crucial next step in bringing psychological insights to bear on foundational questions in international politics.

Noise

Daniel Kahneman,Olivier Sibony,Cass R. Sunstein
Noise Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kahneman,Olivier Sibony,Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher : Little, Brown
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780316451383

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Noise by Daniel Kahneman,Olivier Sibony,Cass R. Sunstein Pdf

From the Nobel Prize-winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow and the coauthor of Nudge, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones—"a tour de force” (New York Times). Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients—or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants—or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions. Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment—and what we can do about it.

Evidence-Based Decision-Making

Andrew D. Banasiewicz
Evidence Based Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Andrew D. Banasiewicz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351050067

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Evidence-Based Decision-Making by Andrew D. Banasiewicz Pdf

Evidence-Based Decision-Making: How to Leverage Available Data and Avoid Cognitive Biases examines how a wide range of factual evidence, primarily derived from a variety of data available to organizations, can be used to improve the quality of business decision-making, by helping decision makers circumvent the various cognitive biases that adversely impact how we all think. The book is built on the following premise: During the past decade, the new ‘data world’ emerged, in which the rush to develop competencies around business analytics and data science can be characterized as nothing less than the new commercial arms race. The ever-expanding volume and variety of data are well known, as are the great advances in data processing/analytics, data visualization, and related information production-focused capabilities. Yet, comparatively little effort has been devoted to how the informational products of business analytics and data science are ‘consumed’ or used in the organizational decision-making processes, as the available evidence shows that only some of that information is used to drive some business decisions some of the time. Evidence-Based Decision-Making details an explicit process describing how the universe of available and applicable evidence, which includes organizational and other data, industry benchmarks, scientific studies, and professional experience, can be assessed, amalgamated, and funneled into an objective driver of key business decisions. Introducing key concepts in relation to data and evidence, and the history of evidence-based management, this new and extremely topical book will be essential reading for researchers and students of data analytics as well as those working in the private and public sectors, and in the voluntary sector.