Cognitive Illusions

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Cognitive Illusions

Rüdiger F Pohl
Cognitive Illusions Book PDF

Author : Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317448280

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Cognitive Illusions by Rüdiger F Pohl Pdf

Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory.

Cognitive Illusions

Rüdiger F Pohl
Cognitive Illusions Book PDF

Author : Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135844950

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Cognitive Illusions by Rüdiger F Pohl Pdf

Cognitive Illusions investigates a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. At the beginning of each chapter, leading researchers in the field introduce the background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias. This is followed by an explanation of the experimental context in which these illusions can be investigated and a theoretical discussion drawing conclusions about the wider implications of these fallacy and bias effects. Written with researchers and instructors in mind, this tightly edited, reader-friendly text provides both an overview of research in the area and many lively pedagogic features such as chapter summaries, further reading lists and suggestions for classroom demonstrations.

Cognitive Illusions

Rüdiger F Pohl
Cognitive Illusions Book PDF

Author : Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000548112

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Cognitive Illusions by Rüdiger F Pohl Pdf

Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. In this volume, Rüdiger F. Pohl brings together leading international researchers to define what cognitive illusions are and discuss their theoretical status: are such illusions proof of a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? The book describes and discusses 26 different cognitive illusions, with each chapter giving a profound overview of the respective empirical research including potential explanations, individual differences, and relevant applied perspectives. This edition has been thoroughly updated throughout, featuring new chapters on negativity bias, metacognition, and how we respond to fake news, along with detailed descriptions of experiments that can be used as classroom demonstration in every chapter. Demonstrating just how diverse cognitive illusions can be, it is a must read for all students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making, and memory.

Cognitive Illusions

Rüdiger Pohl
Cognitive Illusions Book PDF

Author : Rüdiger Pohl
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781841693514

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Cognitive Illusions by Rüdiger Pohl Pdf

Cognitive Illusions investigates a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. At the beginning of each chapter, leading researchers in the field introduce the background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias. This is followed by an explanation of the experimental context in which these illusions can be investigated and a theoretical discussion drawing conclusions about the wider implications of these fallacy and bias effects. Written with researchers and instructors in mind, this tightly edited, reader-friendly text provides both an overview of research in the area and many lively pedagogic features such as chapter summaries, further reading lists and suggestions for classroom demonstrations.

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology

Harold L. Miller, Jr.
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology Book PDF

Author : Harold L. Miller, Jr.
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 1173 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781506340098

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The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology by Harold L. Miller, Jr. Pdf

Drawing together a team of international scholars, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology examines the contemporary landscape of all the key theories and theorists, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Key features include: · Approximately 300 signed entries fill two volumes · Entries are followed by Cross-References and Further Readings · A Reader's Guide in the front matter groups entries thematically · A detailed Index and the Cross-References provide for effective search-and-browse in the electronic version · Back matter includes a Chronology of theory within the field of psychology, a Master Bibliography, and an annotated Resource Guide to classic books in this field, journals, associations, and their websites The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology is an exceptional and scholarly source for researching the theory of psychology, making it a must-have reference for all academic libraries.

Judgment and Decision Making

Terry Connolly,Hal R. Arkes,Kenneth R. Hammond
Judgment and Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Terry Connolly,Hal R. Arkes,Kenneth R. Hammond
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 814 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Education
ISBN : 0521626021

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Judgment and Decision Making by Terry Connolly,Hal R. Arkes,Kenneth R. Hammond Pdf

This work examines issues such as medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, labour negotiations, risk, public policy, business strategy, eyewitnesses, and jury decisions. This is a revision of Arkes and Hammond's 1986 collection of papers on judgment and decision-making. Updated and extended, the focus of this volume is interdisciplinary and applied.

The Aesthetic Illusion in Literature and the Arts

Tomáš Koblížek
The Aesthetic Illusion in Literature and the Arts Book PDF

Author : Tomáš Koblížek
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350032590

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The Aesthetic Illusion in Literature and the Arts by Tomáš Koblížek Pdf

The notion of aesthetic illusion relates to a number of art forms and media. Defined as a pleasurable mental state that emerges during the reception of texts and artefacts, it amounts to the reader's or viewer's sense of having entered the represented world while at the same time keeping a distance from it. Aesthetic Illusion in Literature and the Arts is an in-depth study of the main questions surrounding this experience of art as reality. Beginning with an introduction providing historical background to modern discussions of illusion, it deals with a wide range of theoretical issues. The collection explores the nature and function of the aesthetic illusion as well as the role of affect and emotion, the implications of aesthetic illusion for the theory of fiction, the variable forms of aesthetic illusion and its relationship to other components of aesthetic response. Aesthetic Illusion in Literature and the Arts brings together a team of scholars from philosophy, literature and art and presents an interdisciplinary examination of a concept lying at the heart of contemporary aesthetics.

The Illusion of Conscious Will

Daniel M. Wegner
The Illusion of Conscious Will Book PDF

Author : Daniel M. Wegner
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 725 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2003-08-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262290555

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The Illusion of Conscious Will by Daniel M. Wegner Pdf

A novel contribution to the age-old debate about free will versus determinism. Do we consciously cause our actions, or do they happen to us? Philosophers, psychologists, neuroscientists, theologians, and lawyers have long debated the existence of free will versus determinism. In this book Daniel Wegner offers a novel understanding of the issue. Like actions, he argues, the feeling of conscious will is created by the mind and brain. Yet if psychological and neural mechanisms are responsible for all human behavior, how could we have conscious will? The feeling of conscious will, Wegner shows, helps us to appreciate and remember our authorship of the things our minds and bodies do. Yes, we feel that we consciously will our actions, Wegner says, but at the same time, our actions happen to us. Although conscious will is an illusion, it serves as a guide to understanding ourselves and to developing a sense of responsibility and morality. Approaching conscious will as a topic of psychological study, Wegner examines the issue from a variety of angles. He looks at illusions of the will—those cases where people feel that they are willing an act that they are not doing or, conversely, are not willing an act that they in fact are doing. He explores conscious will in hypnosis, Ouija board spelling, automatic writing, and facilitated communication, as well as in such phenomena as spirit possession, dissociative identity disorder, and trance channeling. The result is a book that sidesteps endless debates to focus, more fruitfully, on the impact on our lives of the illusion of conscious will.

Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy

Warren Tryon
Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy Book PDF

Author : Warren Tryon
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780124200982

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Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy by Warren Tryon Pdf

Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy provides a bionetwork theory unifying empirical evidence in cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology to explain how emotion, learning, and reinforcement affect personality and its extremes. The book uses the theory to explain research results in both disciplines and to predict future findings, as well as to suggest what the theory and evidence say about how we should be treating disorders for maximum effectiveness. While theoretical in nature, the book has practical applications, and takes a mathematical approach to proving its own theorems. The book is unapologetically physical in nature, describing everything we think and feel by way of physical mechanisms and reactions in the brain. This unique marrying of cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology provides an opportunity to better understand both. Unifying theory for cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology Describes the brain in physical terms via mechanistic processes Systematically uses the theory to explain empirical evidence in both disciplines Theory has practical applications for psychotherapy Ancillary material may be found at: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124200715 including an additional chapter and supplements

Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality

Laura Macchi,Maria Bagassi,Riccardo Viale
Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality Book PDF

Author : Laura Macchi,Maria Bagassi,Riccardo Viale
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262034081

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Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality by Laura Macchi,Maria Bagassi,Riccardo Viale Pdf

Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality—a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base. Contributors Maria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-François Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale

Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue

Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri
Psychotherapist s Guide to Socratic Dialogue Book PDF

Author : Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783031079726

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Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue by Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri Pdf

This concise volume serves as a ready guide to using Socratic dialogue with psychotherapy clients. In very clear language, this volume takes the reader through a working definition of the Socratic method and its clinical application. Used often in cognitive-behavioral therapy, this method is useful to all modes of psychotherapy. This guide provides a solid background to understanding Socratic questioning and examines the various types of questions that may be employed, as well as the different levels that may apply. Theory and explication are bolstered by numerous clinical examples. Useful for both beginning and experienced therapists, this book will enhance the therapeutic relationship and contribute effectively to better outcomes.

Associative Illusions of Memory

David Gallo
Associative Illusions of Memory Book PDF

Author : David Gallo
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134606832

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Associative Illusions of Memory by David Gallo Pdf

The last decade has seen a flurry of experimental research into the neurocognitive underpinnings of illusory memories. Using simple materials and tests (e.g., recalling words or pictures), methods such as the famed Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task have attracted considerable attention. These tasks elicit false memories of nonstudied events that are vivid, long lasting, and difficult to consciously avoid. Additional research shows that these memory illusions are fundamentally related to more complex memory distortions. As a result, this rapidly expanding literature has generated a great deal of excitement - and even some controversy - in contemporary psychology. Associative Illusions of Memory provides an ambitious overview of this research area. Starting with the historical roots and major theoretical trends, this book exhaustively reviews the most recent studies by cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. The strengths and limits of various experimental techniques are outlined, and the large body of existing data is meaningfully distilled into a few core theoretical concepts. This book highlights the malleability of memory, as well as the strategies and situations that can help us avoid false memories. Throughout the review, it is argued that these basic memory illusions contribute to a deeper understanding of how human memory works.

Adaptive Thinking

Gerd Gigerenzer
Adaptive Thinking Book PDF

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2002-03-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0195153723

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Adaptive Thinking by Gerd Gigerenzer Pdf

Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social.Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.

The Illusionist Brain

Jordi Camí,Luis M. Martínez
The Illusionist Brain Book PDF

Author : Jordi Camí,Luis M. Martínez
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691239156

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The Illusionist Brain by Jordi Camí,Luis M. Martínez Pdf

How magicians exploit the natural functioning of our brains to astonish and amaze us How do magicians make us see the impossible? The Illusionist Brain takes you on an unforgettable journey through the inner workings of the human mind, revealing how magicians achieve their spectacular and seemingly impossible effects by interfering with your cognitive processes. Along the way, this lively and informative book provides a guided tour of modern neuroscience, using magic as a lens for understanding the unconscious and automatic functioning of our brains. We construct reality from the information stored in our memories and received through our senses, and our brains are remarkably adept at tricking us into believing that our experience is continuous. In fact, our minds create our perception of reality by elaborating meanings and continuities from incomplete information, and while this strategy carries clear benefits for survival, it comes with blind spots that magicians know how to exploit. Jordi Camí and Luis Martínez explore the many different ways illusionists manipulate our attention—making us look but not see—and take advantage of our individual predispositions and fragile memories. The Illusionist Brain draws on the latest findings in neuroscience to explain how magic deceives us, surprises us, and amazes us, and demonstrates how illusionists skillfully “hack” our brains to alter how we perceive things and influence what we imagine.

Inevitable Illusions

Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini
Inevitable Illusions Book PDF

Author : Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1994-11-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : UOM:39015031803920

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Inevitable Illusions by Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini Pdf

Scientists have recently made the alarming discovery that the human mind is apparently "hard wired" to make mistakes in judgement--cognitive illusions--thatfunction like mental blinders, including "juror's fallacy", "predictability in hindsight", and the "seven deadly mental sins".