Compositional Semantics

Author : Pauline Jacobson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-08-29
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191664830

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Compositional Semantics by Pauline Jacobson Pdf

This book provides an introduction to compositional semantics and to the syntax/semantics interface. It is rooted within the tradition of model theoretic semantics, and develops an explicit fragment of both the syntax and semantics of a rich portion of English. Professor Jacobson adopts a Direct Compositionality approach, whereby the syntax builds the expressions while the semantics simultaneously assigns each a model-theoretic interpretation. Alongside this approach, the author also presents a competing view that makes use of an intermediate level, Logical Form. She develops parallel treatments of a variety of phenomena from both points of view with detailed comparisons. The book begins with simple and fundamental concepts and gradually builds a more complex fragment, including analyses of more advanced topics such as focus, negative polarity, and a variety of topics centering on pronouns and binding more generally. Exercises are provided throughout, alongside open-ended questions for students to consider. The exercises are interspersed with the text to promote self-discovery of the fundamentals and their applications. The book provides a rigorous foundation in formal analysis and model theoretic semantics and is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, philosophy of language, and related fields.

Author : U. Sauerland,P. Stateva
Publisher : Springer
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780230210752

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Presupposition and Implicature in Compositional Semantics by U. Sauerland,P. Stateva Pdf

All humans can interpret sentences of their native language quickly and without effort. Working from the perspective of generative grammar, the contributors to this volume investigate three mental mechanisms, widely assumed to underlie this ability: compositional semantics, implicature computation and presupposition computation.

Author : Zhiyuan Liu,Yankai Lin,Maosong Sun
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811555732

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Representation Learning for Natural Language Processing by Zhiyuan Liu,Yankai Lin,Maosong Sun Pdf

This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.

Author : Pauline I. Jacobson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199677153

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Compositional Semantics by Pauline I. Jacobson Pdf

This book provides an introduction to compositional semantics and to the syntax/semantics interface. It is rooted within the tradition of model theoretic semantics, and develops an explicit fragment of both the syntax and semantics of a rich portion of English. Professor Jacobson adopts a Direct Compositionality approach, whereby the syntax builds the expressions while the semantics simultaneously assigns each a model-theoretic interpretation. Alongside this approach, the author also presents a competing view that makes use of an intermediate level, Logical Form. She develops parallel treatments of a variety of phenomena from both points of view with detailed comparisons. The book begins with simple and fundamental concepts and gradually builds a more complex fragment, including analyses of more advanced topics such as focus, negative polarity, and a variety of topics centering on pronouns and binding more generally. Exercises are provided throughout, alongside open-ended questions for students to consider. The exercises are interspersed with the text to promote self-discovery of the fundamentals and their applications. The book provides a rigorous foundation in formal analysis and model theoretic semantics and is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, philosophy of language, and related fields.

Author : Mohammad Forouzani
Publisher : Austin Macauley Publishers
Page : 1200 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781685623098

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An Illustrative Dictionary of Semantics by Mohammad Forouzani Pdf

The significance of “meaning” goes beyond the word-level. Few disciplines, if at all, would do away with the knowledge and principles of semantics in their spoken and written discourse. ILLUDS is an illustrative dictionary of semantics aiming to provide language researchers with the key terms, terminologies, and phrases with even slight or indirect relation to semantics that appear in linguistics coursebooks and reference books. About 150 references have been used to compile this dictionary, one feature among several others that makes this book the first of its kind in content, approach, and scope.

Author : Steven Davis,Brendan S. Gillon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 936 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004-11-18
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0198031335

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Semantics by Steven Davis,Brendan S. Gillon Pdf

Semantics: A Reader contains a broad selection of classic articles on semantics and the semantics/pragmatics interface. Comprehensive in the variety and breadth of theoretical frameworks and topics that it covers, it includes articles representative of the major theoretical frameworks within semantics, including: discourse representation theory, dynamic predicate logic, truth theoretic semantics, event semantics, situation semantics, and cognitive semantics. All the major topics in semantics are covered, including lexical semantics and the semantics of quantified noun phrases, adverbs, adjectives, performatives, and interrogatives. Included are classic papers in the field of semantics as well as papers written especially for the volume. The volume comes with an extensive introduction designed not only to provide an overview of the field, but also to explain the technical concepts the beginner will need to tackle before the more demanding articles. Semantics will have appeal as a textbook for upper level and graduate courses and as a reference for scholars of semantics who want the classic articles in their field in one convenient place.

Author : Richard E. Grandy,Richard Warner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Belief and doubt
ISBN : 9780198244646

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Philosophical Grounds of Rationality by Richard E. Grandy,Richard Warner Pdf

H.P. Grice is a distinguished philosopher predominantly known for his influential contributions to the philosophy of language, but that is only one strand in a rich tapestry of ideas bearing on the philosophy of mind, ethics, and metaphysics as well. Some of the essays in this collection of original papers by leading philosophers edited by Grandy and Warner develop Grice's earlier work in the philosophy of language, but most of them discuss or present his newer and less-known; work. Together they demonstrate the unified and powerful character of his thoughts on being, mind, meaning, and morals. An introductory essay provides some of the first overview of Grice's thought, and makes explicit some of the relations among the essays.

Author : Ivano Ciardelli,Jeroen Groenendijk,Floris Roelofsen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198814788

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Inquisitive Semantics by Ivano Ciardelli,Jeroen Groenendijk,Floris Roelofsen Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book presents a new logical framework to capture the meaning of sentences in conversation. The traditional approach equates meaning with truth-conditions: to know the meaning of a sentence is to know under which circumstances it is true. The reason for this is that linguistic and philosophical investigations are usually carried out in a logical framework that was originally designed to characterize valid argumentation. However, argumentation is neither the sole, nor the primary function of language. One task that language more widely and ordinarily fulfils is to enable the exchange of information between conversational participants. In the framework outlined in this volume, inquisitive semantics, information exchange is seen as a process of raising and resolving issues. Inquisitive semantics provides a new formal notion of meaning, which makes it possible to model various concepts that are crucial for the analysis of linguistic information exchange in a more refined and more principled way than has been possible in previous frameworks. Importantly, it also allows an integrated treatment of statements and questions. The first part of the book presents the framework in detail, while the second demonstrates its benefits in the semantic analysis of questions, coordination, modals, conditionals, and intonation. The book will be of interest to researchers and students from advanced undergraduate level upwards in the fields of semantics, pragmatics, philosophy of language, and logic.

Author : Hongyuan Dong
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781351021562

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Semantics of Chinese Questions by Hongyuan Dong Pdf

Semantics of Chinese Questions is the first major study of Chinese questions, especially wh-questions, within the framework of Alternative Semantics. It takes an interface approach to study the syntax, semantics, and phonology of questions and proposes a phonological scope-marking strategy in Chinese questions, based upon experimental data. It also incorporates historical linguistic data regarding the grammaticalization of sentence-final particles such as –ne and –ma to study the formal diachronic semantics of questions. Primarily suitable for scholars in the field of Chinese linguistics, this book makes new theoretical contributions to the study of questions.

Author : Claudia Maienborn,Klaus von Heusinger,Paul Portner
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 989 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Semantics
ISBN : 9783110184709

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Semantics by Claudia Maienborn,Klaus von Heusinger,Paul Portner Pdf

Author : Matti Miestamo,Kaius Sinnemäki,Fred Karlsson
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027231044

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Language Complexity by Matti Miestamo,Kaius Sinnemäki,Fred Karlsson Pdf

Language complexity has recently attracted considerable attention from linguists of many different persuasions. This volume – a thematic selection of papers from the conference Approaches to Complexity in Language, held in Helsinki, August 2005 – is the first collection of articles devoted to the topic. The sixteen chapters of the volume approach the notion of language complexity from a variety of perspectives. The papers are divided into three thematic sections that reflect the central themes of the book: Typology and theory, Contact and change, Creoles and pidgins. The book is mainly intended for typologists, historical linguists, contact linguists and creolists, as well as all linguists interested in language complexity in general. As the first collective volume on a very topical theme, the book is expected to be of lasting interest to the linguistic community.

Author : Jörg Meibauer,Markus Steinbach
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027255587

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Experimental Pragmatics/semantics by Jörg Meibauer,Markus Steinbach Pdf

In recent years, a lively debate ensued on an old issue, namely the proper distinction between semantics and pragmatics against the background of the classical Gricean distinction between what is said and what is implicated . From a linguist s point of view, however, there has always been a regrettable lack of empirical data in this otherwise sophisticated debate. Recently, a new strand of research emerged under the name of experimental pragmatics, the attempt to gain experimental data on pragmatic and semantic issues by using psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic methods. This volume brings together work by scholars engaging in experimental research on the semantics/pragmatics distinction. The contribution of experimental pragmatics to pragmatic and semantic theory is discussed from a number of different angles, ranging from implicature and pragmatic enrichment to pragmatic acquisition, pragmatic impairment, and pragmatic processing. In addition, methodological issues are discussed. The contributions will appeal to theoretical linguists, psycholinguists, neurolinguists, and language philosophers."

Author : Jozef Hooman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1991-11-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540549471

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Specification and Compositional Verification of Real-Time Systems by Jozef Hooman Pdf

The research described in this monograph concerns the formal specification and compositional verification of real-time systems. A real-time programminglanguage is considered in which concurrent processes communicate by synchronous message passing along unidirectional channels. To specifiy functional and timing properties of programs, two formalisms are investigated: one using a real-time version of temporal logic, called Metric Temporal Logic, and another which is basedon extended Hoare triples. Metric Temporal Logic provides a concise notationto express timing properties and to axiomatize the programming language, whereas Hoare-style formulae are especially convenient for the verification of sequential constructs. For both approaches a compositional proof system has been formulated to verify that a program satisfies a specification. To deduce timing properties of programs, first maximal parallelism is assumed, modeling the situation in which each process has itsown processor. Next, this model is generalized to multiprogramming where several processes may share a processor and scheduling is based on priorities. The proof systems are shown to be sound and relatively complete with respect to a denotational semantics of the programming language. The theory is illustrated by an example of a watchdog timer.

Author : Claire Beyssade
Publisher : Presses Paris Sorbonne
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Grammar, Comparative and general
ISBN : 2840502895

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Empirical Issues in Formal Syntax and Semantics 4 by Claire Beyssade Pdf

Author : Kathleen Dahlgren
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781461310754

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Naive Semantics for Natural Language Understanding by Kathleen Dahlgren Pdf

This book introduces a theory, Naive Semantics (NS), a theory of the knowledge underlying natural language understanding. The basic assumption of NS is that knowing what a word means is not very different from knowing anything else, so that there is no difference in form of cognitive representation between lexical semantics and ency clopedic knowledge. NS represents word meanings as commonsense knowledge, and builds no special representation language (other than elements of first-order logic). The idea of teaching computers common sense knowledge originated with McCarthy and Hayes (1969), and has been extended by a number of researchers (Hobbs and Moore, 1985, Lenat et aI, 1986). Commonsense knowledge is a set of naive beliefs, at times vague and inaccurate, about the way the world is structured. Traditionally, word meanings have been viewed as criterial, as giving truth conditions for membership in the classes words name. The theory of NS, in identifying word meanings with commonsense knowledge, sees word meanings as typical descriptions of classes of objects, rather than as criterial descriptions. Therefore, reasoning with NS represen tations is probabilistic rather than monotonic. This book is divided into two parts. Part I elaborates the theory of Naive Semantics. Chapter 1 illustrates and justifies the theory. Chapter 2 details the representation of nouns in the theory, and Chapter 4 the verbs, originally published as "Commonsense Reasoning with Verbs" (McDowell and Dahlgren, 1987). Chapter 3 describes kind types, which are naive constraints on noun representations.