Computational Cognition

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Computation and Cognition

Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Computation and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Publisher : National Geographic Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1986-02-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262660587

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Computation and Cognition by Zenon W. Pylyshyn Pdf

The question, "What is Cognitive Science?" is often asked but seldom answered to anyone's satisfaction. Until now, most of the answers have come from the new breed of philosophers of mind. This book, however, is written by a distinguished psychologist and computer scientist who is well-known for his work on the conceptual foundations of cognitive science, and especially for his research on mental imagery, representation, and perception. In Computation and Cognition, Pylyshyn argues that computation must not be viewed as just a convenient metaphor for mental activity, but as a literal empirical hypothesis. Such a view must face a number of serious challenges. For example, it must address the question of "strong equivalents" of processes, and must empirically distinguish between phenomena which reveal what knowledge the organism has, phenomena which reveal properties of the biologically determined "functional architecture" of the mind. The principles and ideas Pylyshyn develops are applied to a number of contentious areas of cognitive science, including theories of vision and mental imagery. In illuminating such timely theoretical problems, he draws on insights from psychology, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and psychology of mind. A Bradford Book

Computational Modeling in Cognition

Stephan Lewandowsky,Simon Farrell
Computational Modeling in Cognition Book PDF

Author : Stephan Lewandowsky,Simon Farrell
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-11-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781452236193

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Computational Modeling in Cognition by Stephan Lewandowsky,Simon Farrell Pdf

An accessible introduction to the principles of computational and mathematical modeling in psychology and cognitive science This practical and readable work provides students and researchers, who are new to cognitive modeling, with the background and core knowledge they need to interpret published reports, and develop and apply models of their own. The book is structured to help readers understand the logic of individual component techniques and their relationships to each other.

Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience

Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata
Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2000-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262650541

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Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience by Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata Pdf

This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the computational cognitive neuroscience. The goal of computational cognitive neuroscience is to understand how the brain embodies the mind by using biologically based computational models comprising networks of neuronlike units. This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the field. The neural units in the simulations use equations based directly on the ion channels that govern the behavior of real neurons, and the neural networks incorporate anatomical and physiological properties of the neocortex. Thus the text provides the student with knowledge of the basic biology of the brain as well as the computational skills needed to simulate large-scale cognitive phenomena. The text consists of two parts. The first part covers basic neural computation mechanisms: individual neurons, neural networks, and learning mechanisms. The second part covers large-scale brain area organization and cognitive phenomena: perception and attention, memory, language, and higher-level cognition. The second part is relatively self-contained and can be used separately for mechanistically oriented cognitive neuroscience courses. Integrated throughout the text are more than forty different simulation models, many of them full-scale research-grade models, with friendly interfaces and accompanying exercises. The simulation software (PDP++, available for all major platforms) and simulations can be downloaded free of charge from the Web. Exercise solutions are available, and the text includes full information on the software.

Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory

Adrian Brasoveanu,Jakub Dotlačil
Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory Book PDF

Author : Adrian Brasoveanu,Jakub Dotlačil
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-01
Category : Language and languages
ISBN : 9783030318468

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Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory by Adrian Brasoveanu,Jakub Dotlačil Pdf

This open access book introduces a general framework that allows natural language researchers to enhance existing competence theories with fully specified performance and processing components. Gradually developing increasingly complex and cognitively realistic competence-performance models, it provides running code for these models and shows how to fit them to real-time experimental data. This computational cognitive modeling approach opens up exciting new directions for research in formal semantics, and linguistics more generally, and offers new ways of (re)connecting semantics and the broader field of cognitive science. The approach of this book is novel in more ways than one. Assuming the mental architecture and procedural modalities of Anderson's ACT-R framework, it presents fine-grained computational models of human language processing tasks which make detailed quantitative predictions that can be checked against the results of self-paced reading and other psycho-linguistic experiments. All models are presented as computer programs that readers can run on their own computer and on inputs of their choice, thereby learning to design, program and run their own models. But even for readers who won't do all that, the book will show how such detailed, quantitatively predicting modeling of linguistic processes is possible. A methodological breakthrough and a must for anyone concerned about the future of linguistics! (Hans Kamp) This book constitutes a major step forward in linguistics and psycholinguistics. It constitutes a unique synthesis of several different research traditions: computational models of psycholinguistic processes, and formal models of semantics and discourse processing. The work also introduces a sophisticated python-based software environment for modeling linguistic processes. This book has the potential to revolutionize not only formal models of linguistics, but also models of language processing more generally. (Shravan Vasishth) .

Computational Cognition

Roland Hausser
Computational Cognition Book PDF

Author : Roland Hausser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031374999

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Computational Cognition by Roland Hausser Pdf

Modern science is divided into three parts: natural sciences, engineering sciences and humanities. Over the last millennia, natural and engineering sciences evolved a symbiotic relationship, but humanities still stand apart. Today, however, designing and building a talking robot is a comparatively new challenge for which all three branches are needed. Starting from the idea that designing a theory of computational cognition should be as complete as possible, and trying to answer questions such as “Which ontology is required for building a computational cognition?”, the current book integrates interfaces, components, functional flows, data structure, database schema, and algorithms into a coherent system with an extensive range of cognitive functions, and constitutes the background to the book “Ontology of Communication” recently published by the author (Springer, 2023). Part I discusses ontological distinctions between a sign-based and an agent-based approach, and continues with explanations of the data structure, the content-addressable database schema; the time-linear derivations of the speak and the hear mode; resonating content; induction, deduction, and abduction in inferencing, and concludes with a reconstruction of eight classical syllogisms as a test suite for DBS inferencing in the think mode. Part II complements the literal use of language in the speak and hear mode with a reconstruction of syntactic mood adaptations and figurative use. The database schema of DBS is shown to lend itself not only to the tasks of traditional storage and retrieval, but also of reference, coreference, shadowing, coactivation of resonating content, and selective activation. Part III complements the treatment of individual topics in linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive psychology with an overall software structure in the form of three interacting main components, called the interface, the memory, and the production component.

Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior

Simon Farrell,Stephan Lewandowsky
Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior Book PDF

Author : Simon Farrell,Stephan Lewandowsky
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781107109995

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Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior by Simon Farrell,Stephan Lewandowsky Pdf

This book presents an integrated framework for developing and testing computational models in psychology and related disciplines. Researchers and students are given the knowledge and tools to interpret models published in their area, as well as to develop, fit, and test their own models.

From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience

Michael A. Arbib,James J. Bonaiuto
From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Michael A. Arbib,James J. Bonaiuto
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262335270

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From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience by Michael A. Arbib,James J. Bonaiuto Pdf

A comprehensive, integrated, and accessible textbook presenting core neuroscientific topics from a computational perspective, tracing a path from cells and circuits to behavior and cognition. This textbook presents a wide range of subjects in neuroscience from a computational perspective. It offers a comprehensive, integrated introduction to core topics, using computational tools to trace a path from neurons and circuits to behavior and cognition. Moreover, the chapters show how computational neuroscience—methods for modeling the causal interactions underlying neural systems—complements empirical research in advancing the understanding of brain and behavior. The chapters—all by leaders in the field, and carefully integrated by the editors—cover such subjects as action and motor control; neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and reinforcement learning; vision; and language—the core of human cognition. The book can be used for advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses. It presents all necessary background in neuroscience beyond basic facts about neurons and synapses and general ideas about the structure and function of the human brain. Students should be familiar with differential equations and probability theory, and be able to pick up the basics of programming in MATLAB and/or Python. Slides, exercises, and other ancillary materials are freely available online, and many of the models described in the chapters are documented in the brain operation database, BODB (which is also described in a book chapter). Contributors Michael A. Arbib, Joseph Ayers, James Bednar, Andrej Bicanski, James J. Bonaiuto, Nicolas Brunel, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Carmen Canavier, Angelo Cangelosi, Richard P. Cooper, Carlos R. Cortes, Nathaniel Daw, Paul Dean, Peter Ford Dominey, Pierre Enel, Jean-Marc Fellous, Stefano Fusi, Wulfram Gerstner, Frank Grasso, Jacqueline A. Griego, Ziad M. Hafed, Michael E. Hasselmo, Auke Ijspeert, Stephanie Jones, Daniel Kersten, Jeremie Knuesel, Owen Lewis, William W. Lytton, Tomaso Poggio, John Porrill, Tony J. Prescott, John Rinzel, Edmund Rolls, Jonathan Rubin, Nicolas Schweighofer, Mohamed A. Sherif, Malle A. Tagamets, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Nathan Vierling-Claasen, Xiao-Jing Wang, Christopher Williams, Ransom Winder, Alan L. Yuille

Quantifiers and Cognition: Logical and Computational Perspectives

Jakub Szymanik
Quantifiers and Cognition Logical and Computational Perspectives Book PDF

Author : Jakub Szymanik
Publisher : Springer
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319287492

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Quantifiers and Cognition: Logical and Computational Perspectives by Jakub Szymanik Pdf

This volume on the semantic complexity of natural language explores the question why some sentences are more difficult than others. While doing so, it lays the groundwork for extending semantic theory with computational and cognitive aspects by combining linguistics and logic with computations and cognition. Quantifier expressions occur whenever we describe the world and communicate about it. Generalized quantifier theory is therefore one of the basic tools of linguistics today, studying the possible meanings and the inferential power of quantifier expressions by logical means. The classic version was developed in the 1980s, at the interface of linguistics, mathematics and philosophy. Before this volume, advances in "classic" generalized quantifier theory mainly focused on logical questions and their applications to linguistics, this volume adds a computational component, the third pillar of language use and logical activity. This book is essential reading for researchers in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, logic, AI, and computer science.

Language, Cognition, and Computational Models

Thierry Poibeau,Aline Villavicencio
Language Cognition and Computational Models Book PDF

Author : Thierry Poibeau,Aline Villavicencio
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781107162228

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Language, Cognition, and Computational Models by Thierry Poibeau,Aline Villavicencio Pdf

This book uses recent computational models to explore issues related to language and cognition.

What Makes Us Smart

Samuel Gershman
What Makes Us Smart Book PDF

Author : Samuel Gershman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780691225999

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What Makes Us Smart by Samuel Gershman Pdf

How a computational framework can account for the successes and failures of human cognition At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. What Makes Us Smart makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, Gershman presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, Gershman demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, What Makes Us Smart delves into the successes and failures of cognition.

Existential Cognition

Ron McClamrock
Existential Cognition Book PDF

Author : Ron McClamrock
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1995-03-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0226556417

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Existential Cognition by Ron McClamrock Pdf

While the notion of the mind as information-processor—a kind of computational system—is widely accepted, many scientists and philosophers have assumed that this account of cognition shows that the mind's operations are characterizable independent of their relationship to the external world. Existential Cognition challenges the internalist view of mind, arguing that intelligence, thought, and action cannot be understood in isolation, but only in interaction with the outside world. Arguing that the mind is essentially embedded in the external world, Ron McClamrock provides a schema that allows cognitive scientists to address such long-standing problems in artificial intelligence as the "frame" problem and the issue of "bounded" rationality. Extending this schema to cover progress in other studies of behavior, including language, vision, and action, McClamrock reinterprets the importance of the organism/environment distinction. McClamrock also considers the broader philosophical question of the place of mind in the world, particularly with regard to questions of intentionality, subjectivity, and phenomenology. With implications for philosophy, cognitive and computer science, AI, and psychology, this book synthesizes state-of-the-art work in philosophy and cognitive science on how the mind interacts with the world to produce thoughts, ideas, and actions.

Computational Cognitive Neuroscience

Yuko Munakata,Michael Frank,Thomas Hazy
Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Yuko Munakata,Michael Frank,Thomas Hazy
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798633570106

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Computational Cognitive Neuroscience by Yuko Munakata,Michael Frank,Thomas Hazy Pdf

Introduction to computer modeling of the brain, to understand how people think. Networks of interacting neurons produce complex emergent behavior including perception, attention, motor control, learning, memory, language, and executive functions (motivation, decision making, planning, etc).

Cognition in the Wild

Edwin Hutchins
Cognition in the Wild Book PDF

Author : Edwin Hutchins
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1996-08-26
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262581462

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Cognition in the Wild by Edwin Hutchins Pdf

Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation—its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory—"in the wild." Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system. Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science—cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm)—to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales. Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations. A Bradford Book

The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology

Ron Sun
The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology Book PDF

Author : Ron Sun
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 767 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780521674102

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The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology by Ron Sun Pdf

A cutting-edge reference source for the interdisciplinary field of computational cognitive modeling.

Introduction to Modeling Cognitive Processes

Tom Verguts
Introduction to Modeling Cognitive Processes Book PDF

Author : Tom Verguts
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262045360

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Introduction to Modeling Cognitive Processes by Tom Verguts Pdf

An introduction to computational modeling for cognitive neuroscientists, covering both foundational work and recent developments. Cognitive neuroscientists need sophisticated conceptual tools to make sense of their field’s proliferation of novel theories, methods, and data. Computational modeling is such a tool, enabling researchers to turn theories into precise formulations. This book offers a mathematically gentle and theoretically unified introduction to modeling cognitive processes. Theoretical exercises of varying degrees of difficulty throughout help readers develop their modeling skills. After a general introduction to cognitive modeling and optimization, the book covers models of decision making; supervised learning algorithms, including Hebbian learning, delta rule, and backpropagation; the statistical model analysis methods of model parameter estimation and model evaluation; the three recent cognitive modeling approaches of reinforcement learning, unsupervised learning, and Bayesian models; and models of social interaction. All mathematical concepts are introduced gradually, with no background in advanced topics required. Hints and solutions for exercises and a glossary follow the main text. All code in the book is Python, with the Spyder editor in the Anaconda environment. A GitHub repository with Python files enables readers to access the computer code used and start programming themselves. The book is suitable as an introduction to modeling cognitive processes for students across a range of disciplines and as a reference for researchers interested in a broad overview.