Quantifiers And Cognition Logical And Computational Perspectives

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Quantifiers and Cognition: Logical and Computational Perspectives

Jakub Szymanik
Quantifiers and Cognition Logical and Computational Perspectives Book PDF

Author : Jakub Szymanik
Publisher : Springer
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319287492

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Quantifiers and Cognition: Logical and Computational Perspectives by Jakub Szymanik Pdf

This volume on the semantic complexity of natural language explores the question why some sentences are more difficult than others. While doing so, it lays the groundwork for extending semantic theory with computational and cognitive aspects by combining linguistics and logic with computations and cognition. Quantifier expressions occur whenever we describe the world and communicate about it. Generalized quantifier theory is therefore one of the basic tools of linguistics today, studying the possible meanings and the inferential power of quantifier expressions by logical means. The classic version was developed in the 1980s, at the interface of linguistics, mathematics and philosophy. Before this volume, advances in "classic" generalized quantifier theory mainly focused on logical questions and their applications to linguistics, this volume adds a computational component, the third pillar of language use and logical activity. This book is essential reading for researchers in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, logic, AI, and computer science.

Meaning in the Brain

Giosue Baggio
Meaning in the Brain Book PDF

Author : Giosue Baggio
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262347204

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Meaning in the Brain by Giosue Baggio Pdf

An argument that the meaning of written or auditory linguistic signals is not derived from the input but results from the brain's internal construction process. When we read a text or listen to speech, meaning seems to be given to us instantaneously, as if it were part of the input. In Meaning in the Brain, Giosuè Baggio explains that this is an illusion created by the tremendous speed at which sensory systems and systems for meaning and grammar operate in the brain. Meaning, Baggio argues, is not derived from input but results from the brain's internal construction process. With this book, Baggio offers the first integrated, multilevel theory of semantics in the brain, describing how meaning is generated during language comprehension, production, and acquisition. Baggio's theory draws on recent advances in formal semantics and pragmatics, including vector-space semantics, discourse representation theory, and signaling game theory. It is designed to explain a growing body of experimental results on semantic processing that have accumulated in the absence of a unifying theory since the introduction of electrophysiology and neuroimaging methods. Baggio argues that there is evidence for the existence of three semantic systems in the brain—relational semantics, interpretive semantics, and evolutionary semantics—and he discusses each in turn, developing neural theories of meaning for all three. Moreover, in the course of his argument, Baggio addresses several long-standing issues in the neuroscience of language, including the role of compositionality as a principle of meaning construction in the brain, the role of sensory-motor processes in language comprehension, and the neural and evolutionary links among meaning, consciousness, sociality, and action.

Pursuit of the Universal

Arnold Beckmann,Laurent Bienvenu,Nataša Jonoska
Pursuit of the Universal Book PDF

Author : Arnold Beckmann,Laurent Bienvenu,Nataša Jonoska
Publisher : Springer
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-06-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319401898

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Pursuit of the Universal by Arnold Beckmann,Laurent Bienvenu,Nataša Jonoska Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2016, held in Paris, France, in June/July 2016. The 18 revised full papers and 19 invited papers and invited extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The conference CiE 2016 has six special sessions – two sessions, cryptography and information theory and symbolic dynamics, are organized for the first time in the conference series. In addition to this new developments in areas frequently covered in the CiE conference series were addressed in the following sessions: computable and constructive analysis; computation in biological systems; history and philosophy of computing; weak arithmetic.

The Oxford Handbook of Negation

Viviane Déprez,M. Teresa Espinal
The Oxford Handbook of Negation Book PDF

Author : Viviane Déprez,M. Teresa Espinal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 832 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780192566270

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The Oxford Handbook of Negation by Viviane Déprez,M. Teresa Espinal Pdf

In this volume, international experts in negation provide a comprehensive overview of cross-linguistic and philosophical research in the field, as well as accounts of more recent results from experimental linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neuroscience. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to a range of fundamental questions ranging from why negation displays so many distinct linguistic forms to how prosody and gesture participate in the interpretation of negative utterances. Following an introduction from the editors, the chapters are arranged in eight parts that explore, respectively, the fundamentals of negation; issues in syntax; the syntax-semantics interface; semantics and pragmatics; negative dependencies; synchronic and diachronic variation; the emergence and acquisition of negation; and experimental investigations of negation. The volume will be an essential reference for students and researchers across a wide range of disciplines, and will facilitate further interdisciplinary work in the field.

A Guided Tour of Artificial Intelligence Research

Pierre Marquis,Odile Papini,Henri Prade
A Guided Tour of Artificial Intelligence Research Book PDF

Author : Pierre Marquis,Odile Papini,Henri Prade
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030061708

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A Guided Tour of Artificial Intelligence Research by Pierre Marquis,Odile Papini,Henri Prade Pdf

The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of AI research, ranging from basic work to interfaces and applications, with as much emphasis on results as on current issues. It is aimed at an audience of master students and Ph.D. students, and can be of interest as well for researchers and engineers who want to know more about AI. The book is split into three volumes: - the first volume brings together twenty-three chapters dealing with the foundations of knowledge representation and the formalization of reasoning and learning (Volume 1. Knowledge representation, reasoning and learning) - the second volume offers a view of AI, in fourteen chapters, from the side of the algorithms (Volume 2. AI Algorithms) - the third volume, composed of sixteen chapters, describes the main interfaces and applications of AI (Volume 3. Interfaces and applications of AI). This third volume is dedicated to the interfaces of AI with various fields, with which strong links exist either at the methodological or at the applicative levels. The foreword of this volume reminds us that AI was born for a large part from cybernetics. Chapters are devoted to disciplines that are historically sisters of AI: natural language processing, pattern recognition and computer vision, and robotics. Also close and complementary to AI due to their direct links with information are databases, the semantic web, information retrieval and human-computer interaction. All these disciplines are privileged places for applications of AI methods. This is also the case for bioinformatics, biological modeling and computational neurosciences. The developments of AI have also led to a dialogue with theoretical computer science in particular regarding computability and complexity. Besides, AI research and findings have renewed philosophical and epistemological questions, while their cognitive validity raises questions to psychology. The volume also discusses some of the interactions between science and artistic creation in literature and in music. Lastly, an epilogue concludes the three volumes of this Guided Tour of AI Research by providing an overview of what has been achieved by AI, emphasizing AI as a science, and not just as an innovative technology, and trying to dispel some misunderstandings.

Computation, Information, Cognition

Gordana Dodig Crnkovic,Susan Stuart
Computation Information Cognition Book PDF

Author : Gordana Dodig Crnkovic,Susan Stuart
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781443809320

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Computation, Information, Cognition by Gordana Dodig Crnkovic,Susan Stuart Pdf

This book draws together a number of important strands in contemporary approaches to the philosophical and scientific questions that emerge when dealing with the issues of computing, information, cognition and the conceptual issues that arise at their intersections. It discovers and develops the connections at the borders and in the interstices of disciplines and debates, and presents a range of essays that deal with the currently vigorous concerns of the philosophy of information, ontology creation and control, bioinformation and biosemiotics, computational and post- computational ap- proaches to the philosophy of cognitive science, computational linguistics, ethics, and education.

Figuring It Out

George Englebretsen
Figuring It Out Book PDF

Author : George Englebretsen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110624458

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Figuring It Out by George Englebretsen Pdf

Many systems of logic diagrams have been offered both historically and more recently. Each of them has clear limitations. An original alternative system is offered here. It is simpler, more natural, and more expressively and inferentially powerful. It can be used to analyze not only syllogisms but arguments involving relational terms and unanalyzed statement terms.

Probabilistic Logic Networks

Ben Goertzel,Matthew Iklé,Izabela Freire Goertzel,Ari Heljakka
Probabilistic Logic Networks Book PDF

Author : Ben Goertzel,Matthew Iklé,Izabela Freire Goertzel,Ari Heljakka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2008-12-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780387768724

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Probabilistic Logic Networks by Ben Goertzel,Matthew Iklé,Izabela Freire Goertzel,Ari Heljakka Pdf

Abstract In this chapter we provide an overview of probabilistic logic networks (PLN), including our motivations for developing PLN and the guiding principles underlying PLN. We discuss foundational choices we made, introduce PLN knowledge representation, and briefly introduce inference rules and truth-values. We also place PLN in context with other approaches to uncertain inference. 1.1 Motivations This book presents Probabilistic Logic Networks (PLN), a systematic and pragmatic framework for computationally carrying out uncertain reasoning – r- soning about uncertain data, and/or reasoning involving uncertain conclusions. We begin with a few comments about why we believe this is such an interesting and important domain of investigation. First of all, we hold to a philosophical perspective in which “reasoning” – properly understood – plays a central role in cognitive activity. We realize that other perspectives exist; in particular, logical reasoning is sometimes construed as a special kind of cognition that humans carry out only occasionally, as a deviation from their usual (intuitive, emotional, pragmatic, sensorimotor, etc.) modes of thought. However, we consider this alternative view to be valid only according to a very limited definition of “logic.” Construed properly, we suggest, logical reasoning may be understood as the basic framework underlying all forms of cognition, including those conventionally thought of as illogical and irrational.

Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation

Michal Krynicki,M. Mostowski,L.W. Szczerba
Quantifiers Logics Models and Computation Book PDF

Author : Michal Krynicki,M. Mostowski,L.W. Szczerba
Publisher : Springer
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2010-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9048145392

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Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation by Michal Krynicki,M. Mostowski,L.W. Szczerba Pdf

Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation is the first concentrated effort to give a systematic presentation of the main research results on the subject, since the modern concept was formulated in the late '50s and early '60s. The majority of the papers are in the nature of a handbook. All of them are self-contained, at various levels of difficulty. The Introduction surveys the main ideas and problems encountered in the logical investigation of quantifiers. The Prologue, written by Per Lindström, presents the early history of the concept of generalised quantifiers. The volume then continues with a series of papers surveying various research areas, particularly those that are of current interest. Together they provide introductions to the subject from the points of view of mathematics, linguistics, and theoretical computer science. The present volume has been prepared in parallel with Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation, Volume Two. Contributions, which contains a collection of research papers on the subject in areas that are too fresh to be summarised. The two volumes are complementary. For logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. Suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate specialised courses in logic.

Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science IX

D. Prawitz,B. Skyrms,D. Westerståhl
Logic Methodology and Philosophy of Science IX Book PDF

Author : D. Prawitz,B. Skyrms,D. Westerståhl
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1005 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1995-01-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780080544953

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Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science IX by D. Prawitz,B. Skyrms,D. Westerståhl Pdf

This volume is the product of the Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and contains the text of most of the invited lectures. Divided into 15 sections, the book covers a wide range of different issues. The reader is given the opportunity to learn about the latest thinking in relevant areas other than those in which they themselves may normally specialise.

Automated Reasoning

Jürgen Giesl,Reiner Hähnle
Automated Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Jürgen Giesl,Reiner Hähnle
Publisher : Springer
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-07-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642142031

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Automated Reasoning by Jürgen Giesl,Reiner Hähnle Pdf

This volume contains the proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR 2010). IJCAR 2010 was held during July 16-19 as part of the 2010 Federated Logic Conference, hosted by the School of Informatics at the University ofEdinburgh,Scotland. Support by the conference sponsors – EPSRC, NSF, Microsoft Research, Association for Symbolic Logic, CADE Inc. , Google, Hewlett-Packard, Intel – is gratefully acknowledged. IJCARisthepremierinternationaljointconferenceonalltopicsinautomated reasoning, including foundations, implementations, and applications. Previous IJCAR conferences were held at Siena (Italy) in 2001, Cork (Ireland) in 2004, Seattle (USA) in 2006, and Sydney (Australia) in 2008. IJCAR comprises s- eral leading conferences and workshops. In 2010, IJCAR was the fusion of the following events: –CADE: International Conference on Automated Deduction –FroCoS: International Symposium on Frontiers of Combining Systems –FTP: International Workshop on First-Order Theorem Proving – TABLEAUX: InternationalConferenceonAutomatedReasoningwith- alytic Tableaux and Related Methods There were 89 submissions (63 regular papers and 26 system descriptions) of which 40 were accepted (28 regular papers and 12 system descriptions). Each submission was assigned to at least three Program Committee members, who carefully reviewed the papers, with the help of 92 external referees. Afterwards, the submissions were discussed by the ProgramCommittee during two weeks by means of Andrei Voronkov’s EasyChair system. We want to thank Andrei very much for providing his system, which was very helpful for the management of the submissions and reviews and for the discussion of the Program Committee.

Computational Cognition

Roland Hausser
Computational Cognition Book PDF

Author : Roland Hausser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031374999

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Computational Cognition by Roland Hausser Pdf

Modern science is divided into three parts: natural sciences, engineering sciences and humanities. Over the last millennia, natural and engineering sciences evolved a symbiotic relationship, but humanities still stand apart. Today, however, designing and building a talking robot is a comparatively new challenge for which all three branches are needed. Starting from the idea that designing a theory of computational cognition should be as complete as possible, and trying to answer questions such as “Which ontology is required for building a computational cognition?”, the current book integrates interfaces, components, functional flows, data structure, database schema, and algorithms into a coherent system with an extensive range of cognitive functions, and constitutes the background to the book “Ontology of Communication” recently published by the author (Springer, 2023). Part I discusses ontological distinctions between a sign-based and an agent-based approach, and continues with explanations of the data structure, the content-addressable database schema; the time-linear derivations of the speak and the hear mode; resonating content; induction, deduction, and abduction in inferencing, and concludes with a reconstruction of eight classical syllogisms as a test suite for DBS inferencing in the think mode. Part II complements the literal use of language in the speak and hear mode with a reconstruction of syntactic mood adaptations and figurative use. The database schema of DBS is shown to lend itself not only to the tasks of traditional storage and retrieval, but also of reference, coreference, shadowing, coactivation of resonating content, and selective activation. Part III complements the treatment of individual topics in linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive psychology with an overall software structure in the form of three interacting main components, called the interface, the memory, and the production component.

Semantics in Acquisition

Veerle van Geenhoven
Semantics in Acquisition Book PDF

Author : Veerle van Geenhoven
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2006-07-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781402044854

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Semantics in Acquisition by Veerle van Geenhoven Pdf

This volume contains writings focusing on semantic phenomena and their interpretation in the analysis of the language of a learner. The variety of phenomena that are addressed is substantial: temporal aspect and tense, specificity, quantification, scope, finiteness, focus structure, and focus particles. These phenomena are investigated is many languages. The volume creates a theoretical as well as an empirical bridge between semantic research on the one hand and psycholinguistic acquisition studies on the other.

Dynamic Epistemic Logic

Hans van Ditmarsch,Wiebe van der Hoek,Barteld Kooi
Dynamic Epistemic Logic Book PDF

Author : Hans van Ditmarsch,Wiebe van der Hoek,Barteld Kooi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2007-05-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402058394

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Dynamic Epistemic Logic by Hans van Ditmarsch,Wiebe van der Hoek,Barteld Kooi Pdf

Dynamic Epistemic Logic is the logic of knowledge change. This book provides various logics to support such formal specifications, including proof systems. Concrete examples and epistemic puzzles enliven the exposition. The book also offers exercises with answers. It is suitable for graduate courses in logic. Many examples, exercises, and thorough completeness proofs and expressivity results are included. A companion web page offers slides for lecturers and exams for further practice.

Johan van Benthem on Logic and Information Dynamics

Alexandru Baltag,Sonja Smets
Johan van Benthem on Logic and Information Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Alexandru Baltag,Sonja Smets
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1027 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319060255

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Johan van Benthem on Logic and Information Dynamics by Alexandru Baltag,Sonja Smets Pdf

This book illustrates the program of Logical-Informational Dynamics. Rational agents exploit the information available in the world in delicate ways, adopt a wide range of epistemic attitudes, and in that process, constantly change the world itself. Logical-Informational Dynamics is about logical systems putting such activities at center stage, focusing on the events by which we acquire information and change attitudes. Its contributions show many current logics of information and change at work, often in multi-agent settings where social behavior is essential, and often stressing Johan van Benthem's pioneering work in establishing this program. However, this is not a Festschrift, but a rich tapestry for a field with a wealth of strands of its own. The reader will see the state of the art in such topics as information update, belief change, preference, learning over time, and strategic interaction in games. Moreover, no tight boundary has been enforced, and some chapters add more general mathematical or philosophical foundations or links to current trends in computer science. The theme of this book lies at the interface of many disciplines. Logic is the main methodology, but the various chapters cross easily between mathematics, computer science, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive and social sciences, while also ranging from pure theory to empirical work. Accordingly, the authors of this book represent a wide variety of original thinkers from different research communities. And their interconnected themes challenge at the same time how we think of logic, philosophy and computation. Thus, very much in line with van Benthem's work over many decades, the volume shows how all these disciplines form a natural unity in the perspective of dynamic logicians (broadly conceived) exploring their new themes today. And at the same time, in doing so, it offers a broader conception of logic with a certain grandeur, moving its horizons beyond the traditional study of consequence relations.