Conceptual Revolutions

Author : Paul Thagard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691186672

Get Book

Conceptual Revolutions by Paul Thagard Pdf

In this path-breaking work, Paul Thagard draws on the history and philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and the field of artificial intelligence to develop a theory of conceptual change capable of accounting for all major scientific revolutions. The history of science contains dramatic episodes of revolutionary change in which whole systems of concepts have been replaced by new systems. Thagard provides a new and comprehensive perspective on the transformation of scientific conceptual systems. Thagard examines the Copernican and the Darwinian revolutions and the emergence of Newton's mechanics, Lavoisier's oxygen theory, Einstein's theory of relativity, quantum theory, and the geological theory of plate tectonics. He discusses the psychological mechanisms by which new concepts and links between them are formed, and advances a computational theory of explanatory coherence to show how new theories can be judged to be superior to previous ones.

Author : Wenceslao J. González
Publisher : Netbiblo
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 9788497459334

Get Book

Conceptual Revolutions by Wenceslao J. González Pdf

Author : Michalis Sialaros
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110565270

Get Book

Revolutions and Continuity in Greek Mathematics by Michalis Sialaros Pdf

This volume brings together a number of leading scholars working in the field of ancient Greek mathematics to present their latest research. In their respective area of specialization, all contributors offer stimulating approaches to questions of historical and historiographical ‘revolutions’ and ‘continuity’. Taken together, they provide a powerful lens for evaluating the applicability of Thomas Kuhn’s ideas on ‘scientific revolutions’ to the discipline of ancient Greek mathematics. Besides the latest historiographical studies on ‘geometrical algebra’ and ‘premodern algebra’, the reader will find here some papers which offer new insights into the controversial relationship between Greek and pre-Hellenic mathematical practices. Some other contributions place emphasis on the other edge of the historical spectrum, by exploring historical lines of ‘continuity’ between ancient Greek, Byzantine and post-Hellenic mathematics. The terminology employed by Greek mathematicians, along with various non-textual and material elements, is another topic which some of the essays in the volume explore. Finally, the last three articles focus on a traditionally rich source on ancient Greek mathematics; namely the works of Plato and Aristotle.

Author : David W. Galenson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781139479394

Get Book

Conceptual Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Art by David W. Galenson Pdf

From Picasso's Cubism and Duchamp's readymades to Warhol's silkscreens and Smithson's earthworks, the art of the twentieth century broke completely with earlier artistic traditions. A basic change in the market for advanced art produced a heightened demand for innovation, and young conceptual innovators – from Picasso and Duchamp to Rauschenberg and Warhol to Cindy Sherman and Damien Hirst – responded not only by creating dozens of new forms of art, but also by behaving in ways that would have been incomprehensible to their predecessors. Conceptual Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Art presents the first systematic analysis of the reasons for this discontinuity. David W. Galenson, whose earlier research has changed our understanding of creativity, combines social scientific methods with qualitative analysis to produce a fundamentally new interpretation of modern art that will give readers a far deeper appreciation of the art of the past century, and of today, than is available elsewhere.

Author : Simon Goldhill,Robin Osborne
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006-09-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521862127

Get Book

Rethinking Revolutions Through Ancient Greece by Simon Goldhill,Robin Osborne Pdf

Publisher description

Author : Hanne Andersen,Peter Barker,Xiang Chen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2006-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139452632

Get Book

The Cognitive Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Hanne Andersen,Peter Barker,Xiang Chen Pdf

Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions became the most widely read book about science in the twentieth century. His terms 'paradigm' and 'scientific revolution' entered everyday speech, but they remain controversial. In the second half of the twentieth century, the new field of cognitive science combined empirical psychology, computer science, and neuroscience. In this book, the theories of concepts developed by cognitive scientists are used to evaluate and extend Kuhn's most influential ideas. Based on case studies of the Copernican revolution, the discovery of nuclear fission, and an elaboration of Kuhn's famous 'ducks and geese' example of concept learning, this volume, first published in 2006, offers accounts of the nature of normal and revolutionary science, the function of anomalies, and the nature of incommensurability.

Author : Oana Şerban
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110774726

Get Book

After Thomas Kuhn: The Structure of Aesthetic Revolutions by Oana Şerban Pdf

This book reflects the most recent research devoted to a systematized perspective and a critical (re)construction of previous theoretical attempts of explaining, justifying and continuing Kuhn’s ingenious hypothesis in arts. Hofstadter, Clignet and Habermas revealed to be the most engaged scholars in solving this aesthetic "puzzled-problem". In this context, the structural similarities between science and arts are attentively evaluated, thus satisfying an older concern attributed to the historical Kuhn-Kubler dispute, extensively commented along the pages of this book. How can we track the matter of rationality and truth in art and aesthetics, inspired by scientific perspectives? Are artistic styles similar to scientific paradigms? Are we entitled to pursue paradigms and masterpieces as rational models in science, respectively in arts? On what possible grounds can we borrow from science notions such as progress and predictability, in the study of the evolution of art and its aesthetic backgrounds? Are the historical dynamics of science and art affected by political factors in the same manner? This book will be of interest to philosophers, but also to historians of science and historians of art alike in the reassessment it provides of recent debates on reshaping the art world using Kuhn's "paradigm shift".

Author : Chaomei Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447151289

Get Book

Mapping Scientific Frontiers by Chaomei Chen Pdf

This is an examination of the history and the state of the art of the quest for visualizing scientific knowledge and the dynamics of its development. Through an interdisciplinary perspective this book presents profound visions, pivotal advances, and insightful contributions made by generations of researchers and professionals, which portrays a holistic view of the underlying principles and mechanisms of the development of science. This updated and extended second edition: highlights the latest advances in mapping scientific frontiers examines the foundations of strategies, principles, and design patterns provides an integrated and holistic account of major developments across disciplinary boundaries “Anyone who tries to follow the exponential growth of the literature on citation analysis and scientometrics knows how difficult it is to keep pace. Chaomei Chen has identified the significant methods and applications in visual graphics and made them clear to the uninitiated. Derek Price would have loved this book which not only pays homage to him but also to the key players in information science and a wide variety of others in the sociology and history of science.” – Eugene Garfield “This is a wide ranging book on information visualization, with a specific focus on science mapping. Science mapping is still in its infancy and many intellectual challenges remain to be investigated and many of which are outlined in the final chapter. In this new edition Chaomei Chen has provided an essential text, useful both as a primer for new entrants and as a comprehensive overview of recent developments for the seasoned practitioner.” – Henry Small Chaomei Chen is a Professor in the College of Information Science and Technology at Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA, and a ChangJiang Scholar at Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Information Visualization and the author of Turning Points: The Nature of Creativity (Springer, 2012) and Information Visualization: Beyond the Horizon (Springer, 2004, 2006).

Author : Alois Pichler,Herbert Hrachovec
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110328462

Get Book

Wittgenstein and the Philosophy of Information by Alois Pichler,Herbert Hrachovec Pdf

This is the first of two volumes of the proceedings from the 30th International Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg, August 2007. In addition to several new contributions to Wittgenstein research (by N. Garver, M. Kross, St. Majetschak, K. Neumer, V. Rodych, L. M. Valdés-Villanueva), this volume contains articles with a special focus on digital Wittgenstein research and Wittgenstein's role for the understanding of the digital turn (by L. Bazzocchi, A. Biletzki, J. de Mul, P. Keicher, D. Köhler, K. Mayr, D. G. Stern), as well as discussions - not necessarily from a Wittgensteinian perspective - about issues in the philosophy of information, including computational ontologies (by D. Apollon, G. Chaitin, F. Dretske, L. Floridi, Y. Okamoto, M. Pasin and E. Motta).

Author : R. Michael Fisher,B. Maria Kumar
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781664105072

Get Book

Resistances to Fearlessness by R. Michael Fisher,B. Maria Kumar Pdf

The current dominating worldview and its paradigms of operations are unhealthy and unsustainable. Ecological, economic, political and psychological health are at stake. As experts in a philosophy of fearism, they apply a critical perspective on the dominant Fear Paradigm as root cause of the global crises in the 21st century. They offer a worldview shift via the Fearlessness Paradigm. This is a second major book on this topic, of which the first was Fisher’s The World’s Fearlessness Teachings (2010). This follow-up book is deep, punchy and provocative. It points to the failure of the world to understand the spirit of fearlessness that has existed from the beginning of Life some four billion years ago. The authors, from diverse backgrounds, point to the resistances that work against the recognition and development of the natural ‘gift’ of fearlessness and the design of a Fearlessness Paradigm, both which can counter the abuses of the Fear Paradigm. With extensive research and philosophical thought, the authors dialogue in a fresh imaginative way to help readers and leaders in all walks of life to better understand what resistances they may have to escaping from what Fisher calls the ‘Fear’ Matrix.

Author : A. Esser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781468418934

Get Book

Behavior and Environment by A. Esser Pdf

The International Symposium on "The Use of Space by Animals and Men," sponsored by the Animal Behavior Society, took place at the 135th Annual Meeting of the AAAS in Dallas, Texas, on December 29-31, 1968. This book presents the text of all papers and edited discus sions, as well as the contributions made by several individuals who were unable ·to attend the Symposium. The idea of holding the Symposium evolved following my presenta tion of a paper to the Animal Behavior Society in 1965 [2] on the use of space by psychiatric patients. Members in attendance at that ses sion, chaired by G. Gottlieb, shared his interest in my compilation of human data presented in a measurable spatial context. This plea sant experience persuaded me that a discussion of space might be shared as a frame of reference which could open avenues of communica tion between behavioral scientists, the design community, and the de cision makers in our society.

Author : Philip N. Johnson-Laird
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781135440305

Get Book

Human and Machine Thinking by Philip N. Johnson-Laird Pdf

This book aims to reach an understanding of how the mind carries out three sorts of thinking -- deduction, induction, and creation -- to consider what goes right and what goes wrong, and to explore computational models of these sorts of thinking. Written for students of the mind -- psychologists, computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and other cognitive scientists -- it also provides general readers with a self-contained account of human and machine thinking. The author presents his point of view, rather than a review, as simply as possible so that no technical background is required. Like the field of research itself, it calls for hard thinking about thinking.

Author : Thomas S. Kuhn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Science
ISBN : OCLC:1303903719

Get Book

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn Pdf

Author : Woosuk Park
Publisher : Springer
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319489568

Get Book

Abduction in Context by Woosuk Park Pdf

This book offers a novel perspective on abduction. It starts by discussing the major theories of abduction, focusing on the hybrid nature of abduction as both inference and intuition. It reports on the Peircean theory of abduction and discusses the more recent Magnani concept of animal abduction, connecting them to the work of medieval philosophers. Building on Magnani's manipulative abduction, the accompanying classification of abduction, and the hybrid concept of abduction as both inference and intuition, the book examines the problem of visual perception together with the related concepts of misrepresentation and semantic information. It presents the author's views on caricature and the caricature model of science, and then extends the scope of discussion by introducing some standard issues in the philosophy of science. By discussing the concept of ad hoc hypothesis generation as enthymeme resolution, it demonstrates how ubiquitous the problem of abduction is in all the different individual scientific disciplines. This comprehensive text provides philosophers, logicians and cognitive scientists with a historical, unified and authoritative perspective on abduction.

Author : Daniel D. Hutto
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1999-05-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789027283450

Get Book

The Presence of Mind by Daniel D. Hutto Pdf

Will our everyday account of ourselves be vindicated by a new science? Or, will our self-understanding remain untouched by such developments? This book argues that beliefs and desires have a legitimate place in the explanation of action. Eliminativist arguments mistakenly focus on the vehicles of content not content itself. This book asks whether a naturalistic theory of content is possible. It is argued that a modest biosemantic theory of intentional, but nonconceptual, content is the naturalist’s best bet. A theory of this kind complements connectionism and recent work on embodied and embedded cognition. But intentional content is not equivalent to propositional content. In order to understand propositional content we must rely on Davidsonian radical interpretation. However, radical interpretation is shown to be at odds with physicalism. But if the best naturalised theory of content we are likely to get from cognitive science is only a theory of intentional content, then a naturalistic explanation of scientific theorising is not possible. It is concluded that cognitive science alone cannot explain the nature of our minds and that eliminativism is intellectually incoherent. (Series A)