Constituting Objectivity

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Constituting Objectivity

Michael Bitbol,Pierre Kerszberg,Jean Petitot
Constituting Objectivity Book PDF

Author : Michael Bitbol,Pierre Kerszberg,Jean Petitot
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2009-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402095108

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Constituting Objectivity by Michael Bitbol,Pierre Kerszberg,Jean Petitot Pdf

In recent years, many philosophers of modern physics came to the conclusion that the problem of how objectivity is constituted (rather than merely given) can no longer be avoided, and therefore that a transcendental approach in the spirit of Kant is now philosophically relevant. The usual excuse for skipping this task is that the historical form given by Kant to transcendental epistemology has been challenged by Relativity and Quantum Physics. However, the true challenge is not to force modern physics into a rigidly construed static version of Kant’s philosophy, but to provide Kant’s method with flexibility and generality. In this book, the top specialists of the field pin down the methodological core of transcendental epistemology that must be used in order to throw light on the foundations of modern physics. First, the basic tools Kant used for his transcendental reading of Newtonian Mechanics are examined, and then early transcendental approaches of Relativistic and Quantum Physics are revisited. Transcendental procedures are also applied to contemporary physics, and this renewed transcendental interpretation is finally compared with structural realism and constructive empiricism. The book will be of interest to scientists, historians and philosophers who are involved in the foundational problems of modern physics.

Constituting Objectivity

Michael Bitbol,Pierre Kerszberg,Jean Petitot
Constituting Objectivity Book PDF

Author : Michael Bitbol,Pierre Kerszberg,Jean Petitot
Publisher : Springer
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402095090

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Constituting Objectivity by Michael Bitbol,Pierre Kerszberg,Jean Petitot Pdf

In recent years, many philosophers of modern physics came to the conclusion that the problem of how objectivity is constituted (rather than merely given) can no longer be avoided, and therefore that a transcendental approach in the spirit of Kant is now philosophically relevant. The usual excuse for skipping this task is that the historical form given by Kant to transcendental epistemology has been challenged by Relativity and Quantum Physics. However, the true challenge is not to force modern physics into a rigidly construed static version of Kant’s philosophy, but to provide Kant’s method with flexibility and generality. In this book, the top specialists of the field pin down the methodological core of transcendental epistemology that must be used in order to throw light on the foundations of modern physics. First, the basic tools Kant used for his transcendental reading of Newtonian Mechanics are examined, and then early transcendental approaches of Relativistic and Quantum Physics are revisited. Transcendental procedures are also applied to contemporary physics, and this renewed transcendental interpretation is finally compared with structural realism and constructive empiricism. The book will be of interest to scientists, historians and philosophers who are involved in the foundational problems of modern physics.

Philosophy after Objectivity

Paul K. Moser
Philosophy after Objectivity Book PDF

Author : Paul K. Moser
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1999-10-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195351354

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Philosophy after Objectivity by Paul K. Moser Pdf

Since the beginning of philosophy, philosophers have sought objective knowledge: knowledge of things whose existence does not depend on one's conceiving of them. This book uses lessons from debates over objective knowledge to characterize the kinds of reasons pertinent to philosophical and other theoretical views. It argues that we cannot meet skeptics' typical demands for nonquestion-begging support for claims to objective truth, and that therefore we should not regard our supporting reasons as resistant to skeptical challenges. One key lesson is that a constructive, explanatory approach to philosophy must change the subject from skeptic-resistant reasons to perspectival reasons arising from variable semantic commitments and instrumental, purpose-relative considerations. The book lays foundations for such a reorientation of philosophy, treating fundamental methodological issues in ontology, epistemology, the theory of meaning, the philosophy of mind, and the theory of practical rationality. It explains how certain perennial debates in philosophy rest not on genuine disagreement, but on conceptual diversity: talk about different matters. The book shows how acknowledgment of conceptual diversity can resolve a range of traditional disputes in philosophy. It also explains why philosophers need not anchor their discipline in the physicalism of the natural sciences.

Scientific Objectivity and Its Contexts

Evandro Agazzi
Scientific Objectivity and Its Contexts Book PDF

Author : Evandro Agazzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319046600

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Scientific Objectivity and Its Contexts by Evandro Agazzi Pdf

The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted.

Faith and Objectivity

C.D. Hardwick
Faith and Objectivity Book PDF

Author : C.D. Hardwick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401027601

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Faith and Objectivity by C.D. Hardwick Pdf

In the last decade, too many American theologians have been preoc cupied with charting and interpreting in a superficial manner the move ments of the newest stars in the Continental theological firmament. This preoccupation contributed much, unfortunately, to that faddism that was so characteristic of American theology in the Sixties, the period imme diately following the passing of a generation of theological giants like Barth, Bultmann, Tillich, Gogarten, and the Niebuhrs. There has seldom been a period in which so many promissory notes were issued so care lessly onto the intellectual market, notes that were not, and perhaps could not, have been redeemed. Given this temper of the times, it is difficult to account for the almost total neglect of the work of Professor Fritz Burl of Basel, whose "theolo gy of existence" is one of the most interesting and impressive contempo rary attempts to interpret the myths and symbols of the Christian faith in terms of an existentialist philosophy. Even if one were to apply that most superficial, though for many apparently decisive, criterion of "radicality," one might have expected his work to attract some sustained attention be cause Buri has consistently posed a radical solution to most of the hotly debated issues of the times: the problem of demythologization, the mean ing of theological language, the problems raised by historical criticism, and the meaning of the historical Jesus for faith, to mention a few.

Kant on Representation and Objectivity

A. B. Dickerson
Kant on Representation and Objectivity Book PDF

Author : A. B. Dickerson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2003-11-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139438933

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Kant on Representation and Objectivity by A. B. Dickerson Pdf

This book is a study of the second-edition version of the 'Transcendental Deduction' (the so-called 'B-Deduction'), which is one of the most important and obscure sections of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. By way of a close analysis of the B-Deduction, Adam Dickerson makes the distinctive claim that the Deduction is crucially concerned with the problem of making intelligible the unity possessed by complex representations - a problem that is the representationalist parallel of the semantic problem of the unity of the proposition. Along the way he discusses most of the key themes in Kant's theory of knowledge, including the nature of thought and representation, the notion of objectivity, and the way in which the mind structures our experience of the world.

Objectivity, Science and Society

Paul A Komesaroff
Objectivity Science and Society Book PDF

Author : Paul A Komesaroff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-04-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135028411

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Objectivity, Science and Society by Paul A Komesaroff Pdf

Originally published in 1986. This work remains of compelling interest to those concerned with the natural sciences and their social problems. It puts forward original and unorthodox ideas about the philosophy of and sociology of science, starting from the conviction that modern societies face deep problems arising from unresolved dilemmas about the meaning, content and technical applications of the theories of nature they employ. The book draws on insights developed within a variety of traditions to explore these problems, especially the work of Edmund Husserl and modern critical theory.

Synthesis and Intentional Objectivity

Nathan Rotenstreich
Synthesis and Intentional Objectivity Book PDF

Author : Nathan Rotenstreich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401589925

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Synthesis and Intentional Objectivity by Nathan Rotenstreich Pdf

We shall be concemed in the following pages with some issues common to the systems of both Kant and Husserl. Given the structured nature of philosophical systems, however, the topics cannot be isolated from the systems in which they function, imbuing them in each case with a specific direction. An examination of the basic concept of Anschauung will indicate the difference between the two systems. To be sure, Anschauung points in both to the visual aspect of knowledge, an element inherent in the classical concept of theoria, which is related to the word horao, to see. In Kant, however, the visual aspect is not the highest component of cognition, since it is related to sensuality. Anschauung belongs to the synthesis and not the summit of knowledge. It is given before thinking, and is present in the ongoing search for relations between data. In Kant's understanding, pure reason can be related to data only through the medium of understanding. In this sense, we could say that Anschauung, being a variation of Schau, is that which can be perceived with the eyes. In Kant's system, it points to the presence of that which is given and thus to reception, whereas knowledge proper is a synthesis of reception and spontaneity .

Objectivity

Lorraine Daston,Peter Galison
Objectivity Book PDF

Author : Lorraine Daston,Peter Galison
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781942130611

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Objectivity by Lorraine Daston,Peter Galison Pdf

Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences — and show how the concept differs from alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images. From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences — from anatomy to crystallography — are those featured in scientific atlases: the compendia that teach practitioners of a discipline what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Atlas images define the working objects of the sciences of the eye: snowflakes, galaxies, skeletons, even elementary particles. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology. As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity — or truth-to-nature or trained judgment — is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to any one interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity — and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically.

Intersubjectivity and Objectivity in Adam Smith and Edmund Husserl

Christel Fricke,Dagfinn Føllesdal
Intersubjectivity and Objectivity in Adam Smith and Edmund Husserl Book PDF

Author : Christel Fricke,Dagfinn Føllesdal
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110325942

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Intersubjectivity and Objectivity in Adam Smith and Edmund Husserl by Christel Fricke,Dagfinn Føllesdal Pdf

Can we have objective knowledge of the world? Can we understand what is morally right or wrong? Yes, to some extent. This is the answer given by Adam Smith and Edmund Husserl. Both rejected David Hume’s skeptical account of what we can hope to understand. But they held his empirical method in high regard, inquiring into the way we perceive and emotionally experience the world, into the nature and function of human empathy and sympathy and the role of the imagination in processes of intersubjective understanding. The challenge is to overcome the natural constraints of perceptual and emotional experience and reach an agreement that is informed by the facts in the world and the nature of morality. This collection of philosophical essays addresses an audience of Smith- and Husserl scholars as well as everybody interested in theories of objective knowledge and proper morality which are informed by the way we perceive and think and communicate.

Objectivity & Diversity

Sandra Harding
Objectivity Diversity Book PDF

Author : Sandra Harding
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226241531

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Objectivity & Diversity by Sandra Harding Pdf

Worries about scientific objectivity seem never-ending. Social critics and philosophers of science have argued that invocations of objectivity are often little more than attempts to boost the status of a claim, while calls for value neutrality may be used to suppress otherwise valid dissenting positions. Objectivity is used sometimes to advance democratic agendas, at other times to block them; sometimes for increasing the growth of knowledge, at others to resist it. Sandra Harding is not ready to throw out objectivity quite yet. For all of its problems, she contends that objectivity is too powerful a concept simply to abandon. In Objectivity and Diversity, Harding calls for a science that is both more epistemically adequate and socially just, a science that would ask: How are the lives of the most economically and politically vulnerable groups affected by a particular piece of research? Do they have a say in whether and how the research is done? Should empirically reliable systems of indigenous knowledge count as "real science"? Ultimately, Harding argues for a shift from the ideal of a neutral, disinterested science to one that prizes fairness and responsibility.

International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning

Stephen Billett,Christian Harteis,Hans Gruber
International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice based Learning Book PDF

Author : Stephen Billett,Christian Harteis,Hans Gruber
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1378 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-15
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789401789028

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International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning by Stephen Billett,Christian Harteis,Hans Gruber Pdf

The International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning discusses what constitutes professionalism, examines the concepts and practices of professional and practice-based learning, including associated research traditions and educational provisions. It also explores professional learning in institutions of higher and vocational education as well the practice settings where professionals work and learn, focusing on both initial and ongoing development and how that learning is assessed. The Handbook features research from expert contributors in education, studies of the professions, and accounts of research methodologies from a range of informing disciplines. It is organized in two parts. The first part sets out conceptions of professionalism at work, how professions, work and learning can be understood, and examines the kinds of institutional practices organized for developing occupational capacities. The second part focuses on procedural issues associated with learning for and through professional practice, and how assessment of professional capacities might progress. The key premise of this Handbook is that during both initial and ongoing professional development, individual learning processes are influenced and shaped through their professional environment and practices. Moreover, in turn, the practice and processes of learning through practice are shaped by their development, all of which are required to be understood through a range of research orientations, methods and findings. This Handbook will appeal to academics working in fields of professional practice, including those who are concerned about developing these capacities in their students. In addition, students and research students will also find this Handbook a key reference resource to the field.

Positive Law and Objective Values

Andrei Marmor
Positive Law and Objective Values Book PDF

Author : Andrei Marmor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Law
ISBN : 0198268971

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Positive Law and Objective Values by Andrei Marmor Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive defence of legal positivism on the basis of a novel account of social conventions. Marmor argues that the law is founded on constitutive conventions, and that consequently moral values cannot determine what the law is. On the basis of a theory of socialconventions and an analysis of law's authoritative nature, the book sets out the scope of law in relation to moral and other critical values. The book also maintains, however, that moral values are objective. It comprises a detailed analysis of the concept of objectivity, arguing that many aspectsof the law, and of moral values, are metaphysically objective.

Objective Imperatives

Ralph C. S. Walker
Objective Imperatives Book PDF

Author : Ralph C. S. Walker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2022-09-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192671233

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Objective Imperatives by Ralph C. S. Walker Pdf

Kant held the moral law to be an objective imperative, an entity in its own right. It carries with it prescriptive force, in parallel to other principles of pure reason, like those of logic and mathematics. Objective imperatives therefore do not derive their authority from any other source, such as common consensus or the will of God. In Objective Imperatives, Ralph C. S. Walker seeks to show that this is a highly defensible view: Kant's Categorical Imperative, properly understood, is broadly right. The key to it is rationality, and not universality, which functions only as an approximate test. Often, Kant sets the matter out badly, and most of the common objections to him can be shown to be due to misunderstandings. A morality that gives us an objective imperative does appear incompatible with the determinism to which Kant commits himself, but Walker argues that this appearance is misleading.

Objectivity and the Language-Dependence of Thought

Christian Barth
Objectivity and the Language Dependence of Thought Book PDF

Author : Christian Barth
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317796244

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Objectivity and the Language-Dependence of Thought by Christian Barth Pdf

Does thought depend on language? Primarily as a consequence of the cognitive turn in empirical disciplines like psychology and ethology, many current empirical researchers and empirically minded philosophers tend to answer this question in the negative. This book rejects this mainstream view and develops a philosophical argument in favor of a universal dependence of language on thought. In doing so, it comprises insights of two primary representatives of 20th century and contemporary philosophy, namely Donald Davidson and Robert Brandom. Barth offers an introduction to the debate concerning the language-dependence of thought and lays the methodological foundation for the subsequent argument in favor of a universal dependence of thought on language, presenting an account and defense of the transcendental method in reference to the writings of Peter F. Strawson. He then offers a transcendental argument in favor of a universal language-dependence of thought, beginning with a reevaluation of a basic idea for an argument originally presented by Donald Davidson. Later, two main objections to the conclusion of this transcendental argument are addressed and rejected using Robert Brandom’s inferentialist and normativist account of thought and language. In the course of doing so, the recent debate on Brandom’s work is addressed extensively, and main objections to Brandom’s work are presented and answered.