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Constraints on Numerical Expressions by Chris Cummins Pdf
Chris Cummins presents a novel pragmatic account of the meaning and use of numerically-quantified expressions. In it, the author lays out a set of criteria that are argued individually to influence the speaker's choice of expression. The process of choosing what to say is then treated as a problem of multiple constraint satisfaction. This approach enables multiple different considerations, drawn from principles of semantics, pragmatics, philosophy, psycholinguistics and the psychology of number, simultaneously to be integrated within a single coherent account.
Constraint Solving and Language Processing by Denys Duchier,Yannick Parmentier Pdf
The Constraint Solving and Language Processing (CSLP) workshop considers the role of constraints in the representation of language and the implementation of language processing applications. This theme should be interpreted inclusively: it includes contributions from linguistics, computer science, psycholinguistics and related areas, with a particular interest in interdisciplinary perspectives. Constraints are widely used in linguistics, computer science, and psychology. How they are used, however, varies widely according to the research domain: knowledge representation, cognitive modelling, problem solving mechanisms, etc. These different perspectives are complementary, each one adding a piece to the puzzle.
What is a Context? by Rita Finkbeiner,Jörg Meibauer,Petra B. Schumacher Pdf
Context is a core notion of linguistic theory. However, while there are numerous attempts at explaining single aspects of the notion of context, these attempts are rather diverse and do not easily converge to a unified theory of context. The present multi-faceted collection of papers reconsiders the notion of context and its challenges for linguistics from different theoretical and empirical angles. Part I offers insights into a wide range of current approaches to context, including theoretical pragmatics, neurolinguistics, clinical pragmatics, interactional linguistics, and psycholinguistics. Part II presents new empirical findings on the role of context from case studies on idioms, unarticulated constituents, argument linking, and numerically-quantified expressions. Bringing together different theoretical frameworks, the volume provides thought-provoking discussions of how the notion of context can be understood, modeled, and implemented in linguistics. It is essential for researchers interested in theoretical and applied linguistics, the semantics/pragmatics interface, and experimental pragmatics.
Constraint Reasoning for Differential Models by Jorge Cruz Pdf
Focuses on the integration of ordinary differential equations within the interval constraints framework, which for this purpose is extended with the formalism of Constraint Satisfaction Differential Problems. Such a framework allows the specification of ordinary differential equations by means of constraints.
Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming by Peter J. Stuckey Pdf
This volume contains the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2008) held in Sydney, Australia, September 14–18, 2008. The conference was held in conjunction with the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2008) and the International Conference on Knowledge Representation and R- soning (KR 2008). Information about the conference can be found at the w- sitehttp://www. unimelb. edu. au/cp2008/. Held annually, the CP conference series is the premier international conference on constraint programming. The conference focuses on all aspects of computing with constraints. The CP conf- ence series is organized by the Association for Constraint Programming (ACP). Information about the conferences in the series can be found on the Web at http://www. cs. ualberta. ca/~ai/cp/. Information about ACP can be found athttp://www. a4cp. org/. CP 2008 included two calls for contributions: a call for research papers, - scribing novel contributions in the ?eld, and a call for application papers, - scribing applications of constraint technology. For the ?rst time authors could directly submit short papers for consideration by the committee. The research track received 84 long submissions and 21 short submissions and the application track received 15 long submissions. Each paper received at least three reviews, which the authors had the opportunity to see and to react to, before the papers and their reviews were discussed extensively by the members of the Program Committee.
Constraint and Integer Programming by Michela Milano Pdf
Constraint and Integer Programming presents some of the basic ideas of constraint programming and mathematical programming, explores approaches to integration, brings us up to date on heuristic methods, and attempts to discern future directions in this fast-moving field.
Logic Programming by Maria Garcia Banda,Enrico Pontelli Pdf
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Logic Programming, ICLP 2008, held in Udine, Italy, in December 2008. The 35 revised full papers together with 2 invited talks, 2 invited tutorials, 11 papers of the co-located first Workshop on Answer Set Programming and Other Computing Paradigms (ASPOCP 2008), as well as 26 poster presentations and the abstracts of 11 doctoral consortium articles were carefully reviewed and selected from 177 initial submissions. The papers cover all issues of current research in logic programming - they are organized in topical sections on applications, algorithms, systems, and implementations, semantics and foundations, analysis and transformations, CHRs and extensions, implementations and systems, answer set programming and extensions, as well as constraints and optimizations.
As user interface designers, software developers, and yes-as users, we all know the frustration that comes with using "one size fits all" software from off the shelf. Repeating the same commands over and over again, putting up with an unfriendly graphical interface, being unable to program a new application that you thought of yourself-these are all common complaints. The inflexibility of today's computer interfaces makes many people feel like they are slaves to their computers. Shouldn't it be the other way around? Why can't technology give us more "custom-fitting" software? On the horizon is a new technology that promises to give ordinary users the power to create and modify their own programs. Programming by example (PBE) is a technique in which a software agent records a user's behavior in an interactive graphical interface, then automatically writes a program that will perform that behavior for the user. Your Wish is My Command: Programming by Example takes a broad look at this new technology. In these nineteen chapters, programming experts describe implemented systems showing that PBE can work in a wide variety of application fields. They include the following: The renowned authors and their editor believe that PBE will some day make it possible for interfaces to effectively say to the user, "Your wish is my command!" Text and graphical editing Web browsing Computer-aided design Teaching programming to children Programming computer games Geographical information systems
Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning by Marcello Balduccini,Tran Cao Son Pdf
This Festschrift volume, published in honor of Michael Gelfond on the occasion of his 65th birthday, contains a collection of papers written by his closest friends and colleagues. Several of these papers were presented during the Symposium on Constructive Mathematics in Computer Science, held in Lexington, KY, USA on October 25-26, 2010. The 27 scientific papers included in the book focus on answer set programming. The papers are organized in sections named “Foundations: ASP and Theories of LP, KR, and NMR”, “ASP and Dynamic Domains”, and “ASP – Applications and Tools”.
Logic-Based Methods for Optimization by John Hooker Pdf
A pioneering look at the fundamental role of logic in optimizationand constraint satisfaction While recent efforts to combine optimization and constraintsatisfaction have received considerable attention, little has beensaid about using logic in optimization as the key to unifying thetwo fields. Logic-Based Methods for Optimization develops for thefirst time a comprehensive conceptual framework for integratingoptimization and constraint satisfaction, then goes a step furtherand shows how extending logical inference to optimization allowsfor more powerful as well as flexible modeling and solutiontechniques. Designed to be easily accessible to industryprofessionals and academics in both operations research andartificial intelligence, the book provides a wealth of examples aswell as elegant techniques and modeling frameworks ready forimplementation. Timely, original, and thought-provoking,Logic-Based Methods for Optimization: * Demonstrates the advantages of combining the techniques inproblem solving * Offers tutorials in constraint satisfaction/constraintprogramming and logical inference * Clearly explains such concepts as relaxation, cutting planes,nonserial dynamic programming, and Bender's decomposition * Reviews the necessary technologies for software developersseeking to combine the two techniques * Features extensive references to important computationalstudies * And much more
Algorithm Engineering by Matthias Müller-Hannemann,Stefan Schirra Pdf
Algorithms are essential building blocks of computer applications. However, advancements in computer hardware, which render traditional computer models more and more unrealistic, and an ever increasing demand for efficient solution to actual real world problems have led to a rising gap between classical algorithm theory and algorithmics in practice. The emerging discipline of Algorithm Engineering aims at bridging this gap. Driven by concrete applications, Algorithm Engineering complements theory by the benefits of experimentation and puts equal emphasis on all aspects arising during a cyclic solution process ranging from realistic modeling, design, analysis, robust and efficient implementations to careful experiments. This tutorial - outcome of a GI-Dagstuhl Seminar held in Dagstuhl Castle in September 2006 - covers the essential aspects of this process in ten chapters on basic ideas, modeling and design issues, analysis of algorithms, realistic computer models, implementation aspects and algorithmic software libraries, selected case studies, as well as challenges in Algorithm Engineering. Both researchers and practitioners in the field will find it useful as a state-of-the-art survey.
Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing by Hana Chockler,Alan J. Hu Pdf
These are the conference proceedings of the 4th Haifa Veri?cation Conference, held October 27–30, 2008 in Haifa, Israel. This international conference is a unique venue that brings together leading researchers and practitioners of both formal and dynamic veri?cation, for both hardware and software systems. This year’s conference extended the successes of the previous years, with a largejumpinthenumberofsubmitted papers. Wereceived49totalsubmissions, with many more high-quality papers than we had room to accept. Submissions came from 19 di?erent countries, re?ecting the growing international visibility of the conference. Of the 49 submissions, 43 were regular papers, 2 of which were later withdrawn, and 6 were tool papers. After a rigorous review process, in which each paper received at least four independent reviews from the dist- guished Program Committee, we accepted 12 regular papers and 4 tools papers for presentation at the conference and inclusion in this volume. These numbers give acceptance rates of 29% for regular papers and 67% for tool papers (34% combined) — comparable to the elite, much older, conferences in the ?eld. A Best Paper Award, selected on the basis of the reviews and scores from the Program Committee, was presented to Edmund Clarke, Alexandre Donz ́ e, and AxelLegayfortheirpaperentitled“StatisticalModelCheckingofMixed-Analog Circuits with an Application to a Third-Order Delta-Sigma Modulator. ” The refereed program was complemented by an outstanding program of - vited talks, panels, and special sessions from prominent leaders in the ?eld.
Diversity Dimensions in Mathematics and Language Learning by Annemarie Fritz,Erkan Gürsoy,Moritz Herzog Pdf
Extensive research is available on language acquisition and the acquisition of mathematical skills in early childhood. But more recently, research has turned to the question of the influence of specific language aspects on acquisition of mathematical skills. This anthology combines current findings and theories from various disciplines such as (neuro-)psychology, linguistics, didactics and anthropology.
Spatial Information Theory by Andrew U. Frank,Irene Campari Pdf
This volume collects the papers presented at the European Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT '93) held on the island of Elba, Italy, inSeptember 1993. Spatial information theory includes disciplinary topics and interdisciplinary issues dealing with the conceptualization and formalization of large-scale (geographic) space. It contributes towards a consistent theoretical basis for Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Geographic information systems are widely used in administration,planning, and science in many different countries, and for a wide variety ofapplications. Research results which relevant for GIS are distributed between many disciplines and contacts between researchers have been limited. At the same time, the development of GIS has been hinderedby the lack of a sound theoretical base. This conference was intended to help remedies these problems.
Global Optimization by Leo Liberti,Nelson Maculan Pdf
Most global optimization literature focuses on theory. This book, however, contains descriptions of new implementations of general-purpose or problem-specific global optimization algorithms. It discusses existing software packages from which the entire community can learn. The contributors are experts in the discipline of actually getting global optimization to work, and the book provides a source of ideas for people needing to implement global optimization software.