Continent Formation Through Time

Author : N.M.W. Roberts,M. van Kranendonk,S. Parman,S. Shirey,P.D. Clift
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862393752

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Continent Formation Through Time by N.M.W. Roberts,M. van Kranendonk,S. Parman,S. Shirey,P.D. Clift Pdf

The continental crust is our archive of Earth history, and the store of many natural resources; however, many key questions about its formation and evolution remain debated and unresolved: What processed are involved in the formation, differentiation and evolution of continental crust, and how have these changed throughout Earth history?How are plate tectonics, the supercontinent cycle and mantle cooling linked with crustal evolution?What are the rates of generation and destruction of the continental crust through time?How representative is the preserved geological record? A range of approaches are used to address these questions, including field-based studies, petrology and geochemistry, geophysical methods, palaeomagnetism, whole-rock and accessory-phase isotope chemistry and geochronology. Case studies range from the Eoarchaean to Phanerozoic, and cover many different cratons and orogenic belts from across the continents.

Author : Alfred Wegener
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1966-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0486617084

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The Origin of Continents and Oceans by Alfred Wegener Pdf

In 1915 Alfred Wegener's seminal work describing the continental drift was first published in German. Wegener explained various phenomena of historical geology, geomorphy, paleontology, paleoclimatology, and similar areas in terms of continental drift. This edition includes new data to support his theories, helping to refute the opponents of his controversial views. 64 illustrations.

Author : Dennis Brown,Paul D. Ryan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540885580

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Arc-Continent Collision by Dennis Brown,Paul D. Ryan Pdf

Arc-continent collision has been one of the important tectonic processes in the formation of mountain belts throughout geological time, and it continues to be so today along tectonically active plate boundaries such as those in the SW Pacific or the Caribbean. Arc-continent collision is thought to have been one of the most important process involved in the growth of the continental crust over geological time, and may also play an important role in its recycling back into the mantle via subduction. Understanding the geological processes that take place during arc-continent collision is therefore of importance for our understanding of how collisional orogens evolve and how the continental crust grows or is destroyed. Furthermore, zones of arc-continent collision are producers of much of the worlds primary economic wealth in the form of minerals, so understanding the processes that take place during these tectonic events is of importance in modeling how this mineral wealth is formed and preserved. This book brings together seventeen papers that are dedicated to the investigation of the tectonic processes that take place during arc-continent collision. It is divided into four sections that deal firstly with the main players involved in any arc-continent collision; the continental margin, the subduction zone, and finally the volcanic arc and its mineral deposits. The second section presents eight examples of arc-continent collisions that range from being currently active through to Palaeoproterozoic in age. The third section contains two papers, one that deals with the obduction of large-slab ophiolites and a second that presents a wide range of physical models of arc-continent collision. The fourth section brings everything that comes before together into a discussion of the processes of arc-continent collision.

Author : W. Jacquelyne Kious,Robert I. Tilling,Geological Survey (U.S.)
Publisher : Geological Survey (USGS)
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Continental drift
ISBN : IND:30000042373781

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This Dynamic Earth by W. Jacquelyne Kious,Robert I. Tilling,Geological Survey (U.S.) Pdf

In the early 1960s, the emergence of the theory of plate tectonics started a revolution in the earth sciences. Since then, scientists have verified and refined this theory, and now have a much better understanding of how our planet has been shaped by plate-tectonic processes. We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. Indeed, the notion that the entire Earth's surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world.

Author : John J. W. Rogers,M. Santosh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004-09-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780190290207

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Continents and Supercontinents by John J. W. Rogers,M. Santosh Pdf

To this day, there is a great amount of controversy about where, when and how the so-called supercontinents--Pangea, Godwana, Rodinia, and Columbia--were made and broken. Continents and Supercontinents frames that controversy by giving all the necessary background on how continental crust is formed, modified, and destroyed, and what forces move plates. It also discusses how these processes affect the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life. Rogers and Santosh begin with a survey of plate tectonics, and go on to describe the composition, production, and destruction of continental and oceanic crust, and show that cratons or assemblies of cratons became the first true continents, approximately one billion years after the earliest continental crust evolved. The middle part of the book concentrates on supercontinents, beginning with a discussion of types of orogenic belts, distinguishing those that formed by closure of an ocean basin within the belt and those that formed by intracontinental deformation caused by stresses generated elsewhere. This information permits discrimination between models of supercontinent formation by accretion of numerous small terranes and by reorganization of large old continental blocks. This background leads to a description of the assembly and fragmentation of supercontinents throughout earth history. The record is most difficult to interpret for the oldest supercontinent, Columbia, and also controversial for Rodinia, the next youngest supercontinent. The configurations and pattern of breakup of Gondwana and Pangea are well known, but some aspects of their assembly are unclear. The book also briefly describes the histories of continents after the breakup of Pangea, and discusses how changes in the composition of seawater, climate, and life may have been affected by the sizes and locations of continents and supercontinents.

Author : Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Africa
ISBN : 1862393354

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The Formation and Evolution of Africa by Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen Pdf

The African continent preserves a long geological record that covers almost 75% of Earth's history. The Pan-African orogeny (c. 600-500 Ma) brought together old continental kernels (West Africa, Congo, Kalahari and Tanzania) to form Gondwana and subsequently the supercontinent Pangaea by the late Palaeozoic. The break-up of Pangaea since the Jurassic and Cretaceous, primarily through opening of the Central Atlantic, Indian, and South Atlantic oceans, in combination with the complicated subduction history to the north, gradually shaped the African continent. This volume contains 18 contributions that discuss the geology of Africa from the Archaean to the present day.

Author : Lauri J. J Pesonen,Johanna Salminen,Sten-Ake Elming,David A.D. A.D. Evans,Toni Veikkolainen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128185346

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Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth by Lauri J. J Pesonen,Johanna Salminen,Sten-Ake Elming,David A.D. A.D. Evans,Toni Veikkolainen Pdf

Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth offers a systematic examination of Precambrian cratons and supercontinents. Through detailed maps of drift histories and paleogeography of each continent, this book examines topics related to Earth’s tectonic evolution prior to Pangea, including plate kinematics, orogenic development, and paleoenvironments. Additionally, this book discusses the methodologies used, principally paleomagnetism and tectonostratigraphy, and addresses geophysical topics of mantle dynamics and geodynamo evolution over billions of years. Structured clearly with consistent coverage for Precambrian cratons, this book combines state-of-the-art paleomagnetic and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Earth in the context of major climatic events such as global glaciations. It is an ideal, up-to-date reference for geoscientists and geographers looking for answers to questions surrounding the tectonic evolution of Earth. Provides robust paleogeographies of Precambrian cratons based on high-quality paleomagnetic and geochronologic data and critically tested by global geological datasets Includes links to updated databases for the Precambrian such as PALEOMAGIA and the Global Paleomagnetic Database (GPMDB) Presents full-color maps of the drift histories of each continent as well as their paleogeographies Discusses key questions regarding continental drift, the supercontinent cycle, and the geomagnetic dipole hypothesis and analyzes palaeography in the context of Earth’s holistic evolution

Author : Steven Earle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1537068822

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Physical Geology by Steven Earle Pdf

This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.

Author : Timothy M. Kusky,Mingguo Zhai,Wenjiao Xiao
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Continental crust
ISBN : 1862393036

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The Evolving Continents by Timothy M. Kusky,Mingguo Zhai,Wenjiao Xiao Pdf

This volume honours the career of Brian F. Windley, who has been hugely influential in helping to achieve our current understanding of the evolution of the continental crust, and who has inspired many students and scientists to pursue studies on the evolution of the continents. Brian has studied processes of continental formation and evolution on most continents and of all ages, and has educated and inspired two generations of geologists to undertake careers in studies of continental evolution. The volume is organized into six sections, including: oceanic and island arc systems and continental growth; tectonics of accretionary orogens and continental growth; growth and stabilization of continental crust; collisions and intraplate processes; Precambrian tectonics and the birth of continents; and active tectonics and geomorphology of continental collision and growth zones.

Author : Trond H. Torsvik,L. Robin M. Cocks
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107105324

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Earth History and Palaeogeography by Trond H. Torsvik,L. Robin M. Cocks Pdf

This book provides a complete Phanerozoic story of palaeogeography, using new and detailed full-colour maps, to link surface and deep-Earth processes.

Author : Martin W. Lewis,Kären Wigen
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997-08-11
Category : History
ISBN : 0520207432

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The Myth of Continents by Martin W. Lewis,Kären Wigen Pdf

In a thoughtful and engaging critique, geographer Martin W. Lewis and historian Karen Wigen re-examine the basic geographical divisions we take for granted. Their up-to-the-minute study reflects both on the global scale and its relation to the specific continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa actually part of one contiguous landmass. Photos. maps.

Author : R.W. Wilson,G.A. Houseman,K.J.W. McCaffrey,A.G. Doré,S.J.H. Buiter
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781786203830

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Fifty Years of the Wilson Cycle Concept in Plate Tectonics by R.W. Wilson,G.A. Houseman,K.J.W. McCaffrey,A.G. Doré,S.J.H. Buiter Pdf

Fifty years ago, Tuzo Wilson published his paper asking `Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?’. This led to the `Wilson Cycle’ concept in which the repeated opening and closing of ocean basins along old orogenic belts is a key process in the assembly and breakup of supercontinents. The Wilson Cycle underlies much of what we know about the geological evolution of the Earth and its lithosphere, and will no doubt continue to be developed as we gain more understanding of the physical processes that control mantle convection, plate tectonics, and as more data become available from currently less accessible regions. This volume includes both thematic and review papers covering various aspects of the Wilson Cycle concept. Thematic sections include: (1) the Classic Wilson v. Supercontinent Cycles, (2) Mantle Dynamics in the Wilson Cycle, (3) Tectonic Inheritance in the Lithosphere, (4) Revisiting Tuzo’s question on the Atlantic, (5) Opening and Closing of Oceans, and (6) Cratonic Basins and their place in the Wilson Cycle.

Author : Frank Press
Publisher : W.H. Freeman
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0716734877

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Understanding Earth by Frank Press Pdf

Author : Peter W. Reiners,Richard W. Carlson,Paul R. Renne,Kari M. Cooper,Darryl E. Granger,Noah M. McLean,Blair Schoene
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118455852

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Geochronology and Thermochronology by Peter W. Reiners,Richard W. Carlson,Paul R. Renne,Kari M. Cooper,Darryl E. Granger,Noah M. McLean,Blair Schoene Pdf

This book is a welcome introduction and reference for users and innovators in geochronology. It provides modern perspectives on the current state-of-the art in most of the principal areas of geochronology and thermochronology, while recognizing that they are changing at a fast pace. It emphasizes fundamentals and systematics, historical perspective, analytical methods, data interpretation, and some applications chosen from the literature. This book complements existing coverage by expanding on those parts of isotope geochemistry that are concerned with dates and rates and insights into Earth and planetary science that come from temporal perspectives. Geochronology and Thermochronology offers chapters covering: Foundations of Radioisotopic Dating; Analytical Methods; Interpretational Approaches: Making Sense of Data; Diffusion and Thermochronologic Interpretations; Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf; Re-Os and Pt-Os; U-Th-Pb Geochronology and Thermochronology; The K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar Systems; Radiation-damage Methods of Geo- and Thermochronology; The (U-Th)/He System; Uranium-series Geochronology; Cosmogenic Nuclides; and Extinct Radionuclide Chronology. Offers a foundation for understanding each of the methods and for illuminating directions that will be important in the near future Presents the fundamentals, perspectives, and opportunities in modern geochronology in a way that inspires further innovation, creative technique development, and applications Provides references to rapidly evolving topics that will enable readers to pursue future developments Geochronology and Thermochronology is designed for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with a solid background in mathematics, geochemistry, and geology. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/the-science-of-dates-and-rates

Author : Michael Brown,Tracy Rushmer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2006-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521782371

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Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust by Michael Brown,Tracy Rushmer Pdf

Summary of recent research covering experimental methods and numerical modelling, for graduate students and researchers.