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The Origin of Continents and Oceans by Alfred Wegener Pdf
In 1915 Alfred Wegener's seminal work describing the continental drift was first published in German. Wegener explained various phenomena of historical geology, geomorphy, paleontology, paleoclimatology, and similar areas in terms of continental drift. This edition includes new data to support his theories, helping to refute the opponents of his controversial views. 64 illustrations.
On the Origin of Continents and Oceans by James Maxlow Pdf
ON THE ORIGIN OF CONTINENTS AND OCEANS is a completely new and somewhat controversial way of looking at and understanding modern scientific evidence about the origin of Earth's continents and oceans. Since the 1960s this evidence has traditionally been gathered in support of Plate Tectonic studies and as such, until now, has rarely been looked at other than from a conventional Plate Tectonic perspective. This conventional perspective insists that the origin of the continents and oceans is a random, non-predictable, and sometimes catastrophic process-a process that is understood by very few and remains unchallenged by most. In this book, the same modern scientific evidence as used in Plate Tectonic studies is used to recreate and discuss the entire 4,000 million years of Earth's recorded geological history. This discussion commences with an ancient primordial Earth comprising an assemblage of the most ancient Archaean continental crusts. Discussion then continues through the various supercontinental stages until breakup of the ancient Pangaea supercontinent occurred to form the modern continents during the late-Permian Period, as well as opening of each of the modern oceans. The location of each ancient magnetic pole is shown to remain diametrically opposed throughout this entire time, as it is today, and these poles are precisely located on all constructed models of the ancient Earth. Each established pole and equator is shown to coincide precisely with observed ancient climate zones and ancient geographical evidence. Similarly, plant and animal species evolution, extinction, and migration is shown to be intimately related to progressive continental break-up, sea-level changes, and opening of the modern oceans, in particular during the past 250 million years. By adopting this new scientific perspective it is shown that global extinctions are not related to random catastrophic events-events we are led to believe predict a gloomy end to civilisation as we know it-but, more importantly, these events are shown to coincide with non-catastrophic, wholesale continental breakup as well as climate and sea-level changes that occur naturally over many millions of years. In contrast to what we are currently led to believe in conventional tectonic studies, this new perspective is telling a completely different story about the origin of Earth's continents and oceans; one that shows a very simple, predictable, easily understood, and holistic process involving a progressively changing Earth surface area and surface curvature through time. By simply changing our misguided assumptions about the physical characteristics of the ancient Earth, the new perspective presented here represents a paradigm shift in the way we are able to understand and challenge our conventional views on the origin of the continents and oceans.
This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.
This Dynamic Earth by W. Jacquelyne Kious,Robert I. Tilling,Geological Survey (U.S.) Pdf
In the early 1960s, the emergence of the theory of plate tectonics started a revolution in the earth sciences. Since then, scientists have verified and refined this theory, and now have a much better understanding of how our planet has been shaped by plate-tectonic processes. We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. Indeed, the notion that the entire Earth's surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world.
The book should be of interest not only to earth scientists, students of polar travel and exploration, and historians but to all readers who are fascinated by the great minds of science.--Henry R. Frankel, University of Missouri-Kansas City, author of The Continental Drift Controversy "Science & Education"
Glorious panoramic photography by the author, a specialist in interpretive landscape, reveals the physical legacy of the Earth's distant past. This exceptional book celebrates the inevitability of global change and highlights our need as human beings to recognize and adjust to it. Color and b&w illustrations.
The 4.4-billion-year history of the oceans and their role in Earth's climate system It has often been said that we know more about the moon than we do about our own oceans. In fact, we know a great deal more about the oceans than many people realize. Scientists know that our actions today are shaping the oceans and climate of tomorrow—and that if we continue to act recklessly, the consequences will be dire. Eelco Rohling traces the 4.4-billion-year history of Earth's oceans while also shedding light on the critical role they play in our planet's climate system. This timely and accessible book explores the close interrelationships of the oceans, climate, solid Earth processes, and life, using the context of Earth and ocean history to provide perspective on humankind's impacts on the health and habitability of our planet.
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind by Julian Jaynes Pdf
National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry
