Cox 2 Inhibitors

Author : Sir John R. Vane,Jack H. Botting,R.M. Botting
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401090292

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Improved Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: COX-2 Enzyme Inhibitors by Sir John R. Vane,Jack H. Botting,R.M. Botting Pdf

In 1971, Vane proposed that the mechanism of action of the aspirin-like drugs was through their inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Since then, there has been intense interest in the interaction between this diverse group of inhibitors and the enzyme known as cyclooxygenase (COX). It exists in two isoforms, COX-l and COX-2 (discovered some 5 years ago). Over the last two decades several new drugs have reached the market based on COX-l enzyme screens. Elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of COX-l has provided a new understanding for the actions of COX inhibitors. The constitutive isoform of COX, COX-l has clear physiological functions. Its activation leads, for instance, to the production of prostacyclin which when released by the endothelium is anti-thrombogenic and anti-atherosclerotic, and in the gastric mucosa is cyto protective. COX-l also generates prostaglandins in the kidney, where they help to maintain blood flow and promote natriuresis. The inducible isoform, COX-2, was discovered through its activity being increased in a number of cells by pro inflammatory stimuli. A year or so later, COX-2 was identified as a distinct isoform encoded by a different gene from COX-I. COX-2 is induced by inflammatory stimuli and by cytokines in migratory and other cells. Thus the anti-inflammatory actions of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be due to the inhibition of COX-2, whereas the unwanted side-effects such as irritation of the stomach lining and toxic effects on the kidney are due to inhibition of the constitutive enzyme, COX-I.

Author : Sir John R. Vane,Jack H. Botting
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401148726

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Selective COX-2 Inhibitors by Sir John R. Vane,Jack H. Botting Pdf

The mainstay of therapy for rheumatoid disease is the non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), despite their inherent gastrointestinal toxicity and ability to cause renal damage in susceptible patients. The theory that the beneficial and toxic effects of NSAIDs stem from a reduction in prostanoid production through inhibition of cyclooxygenase implied that particular toxicities were inevitable with NSAIDs and would always be correlated with efficacy. However, over the years, it became apparent that at therapeutic doses, some NSAIDs had greater toxic side-effects than others, a fact not explained by the general theory. A significant clarification arose from the discovery that there are two distinct isoforms of COX, a constitutive enzyme (COX-I) responsible for the production of prostanoids necessary for platelet aggregation and protection of the gastric mucosa and kidney; and an inducible enzyme (COX-2) that is newly synthesized at sites of tissue damage and produces prostaglandins that manifest pathological effects. It became clear that different NSAIDs had greater or lesser effects on COX-I when used in therapeutic doses, explaining the variation in side-effects. ' The elucidation of the crystal structure of these different enzymes and the skills of medicinal chemists have led to the synthesis of new chemicals with a selectivity for the inducible enzyme, and thus with therapeutic efficacy without those toxic effects result ing from inhibition of the constitutive enzyme.

Author : Michel Pairet,Joanne van Ryn
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783034878791

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COX-2 Inhibitors by Michel Pairet,Joanne van Ryn Pdf

COX-2 inhibitors are important drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The discovery of COX-2, the evolution of drug development in this field and the implications of these developments in patient therapy are topics of this volume. This book presents both pre-clinical and clinical information and is important for clinicians interested in the latest information about this class of drugs, for researchers and for students in the field.

Author : Carl P. Weiner,Catalin Buhimschi
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 1321 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781437721362

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Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women E-Book by Carl P. Weiner,Catalin Buhimschi Pdf

Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women, 2nd Edition, by Carl P. Weiner, MD, MBA, FACOG, and Catalin Buhimschi, MD, is a must-have reference that details how virtually all of today’s drugs and herbal supplements interact with pregnancy and lactation. Updated thoroughly and covering nearly 2,000 substances, the new edition explains whether each drug is FDA-approved for use by expecting or nursing mothers...is known to be safe for use...or is known to pose a danger. An alphabetical organization by both trade and generic name...a special index listing drugs by category...and an easy-to-read page format make reference more efficient. Describes each substance's mechanism of action, side effects, drug-drug interactions, dosage, cost of therapy, and degree of safety during pregnancy or lactation, providing the thorough details you need to choose the most effective course of treatment. Indicates not only whether the FDA has approved a drug based on clinical trials, but also whether the drug is generally considered to be safe in the absence of FDA approval. Includes over-the-counter drugs and alternative medications as well as prescription drugs, to give you a broad background of available drugs. Features an alphabetical organization by both trade and generic name...a special index listing drugs by category...and an easy-to-read page format that make reference more efficient. Uses an eye-catching icon to highlight known teratogens. Examines new drugs that have been introduced to the market since the publication of the previous edition, and presents revised or new information for all current listings, to keep you current. Provides drug interaction information to make you aware of the possible implications of using more than one drug in combination. Includes international drug names to give this reference an international perspective.

Author : Pamela E. Macintyre,S. Schug,D. Scott,E. Visser,S. Walker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Analgesia
ISBN : 0977517446

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Acute Pain Management by Pamela E. Macintyre,S. Schug,D. Scott,E. Visser,S. Walker Pdf

Author : Raymond S. Sinatra,Jonathan S. Jahr,J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 551 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139491983

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The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics by Raymond S. Sinatra,Jonathan S. Jahr,J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford Pdf

The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics is an invaluable practical resource for clinicians giving pain relief in any clinical setting, describing the pharmacologic principles and clinical use of all available pain medications. As well as detailed overviews of pain processing and analgesic theory, sections are dedicated to oral and panteral opioid analgesics, neuraxial opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, anticonvulsant type analgesics, NMDA antagonists, alpha adrenergic analgesics, antidepressant analgesics, muscle relaxants, adjuvant medications, and new and emerging analgesics. The concise format of the chapters allows for quick and easy reading and assimilation of information. Enhanced by summary tables and figures, each chapter provides an overview of a particular drug, covering chemical structure, mode of activity, indications, contraindications, common doses and uses, advantages and disadvantages, and drug related adverse events. Key references are also provided. Edited by leading experts in pain management, this is essential reading for any clinician involved in pain management.

Author : David Khan,Aleena Banerji
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323497077

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Drug Allergy Testing by David Khan,Aleena Banerji Pdf

With a focus on improving diagnosis and treatment, Drug Allergy Testing is your new go-to resource for understanding various drug allergies and testing methods, the epidemiology of and economic impact of drug allergies, and new drug and allergy developments. Features a wealth of up-to-date information for allergists, immunologists, and primary care physicians who diagnose and treat patients with drug allergies and hypersensitivity. Covers the basics of drug allergy evaluation and management as well as specific drugs including antibiotics, ASA/NSAIDs, chemotherapeutic agents and monoclonal antibodies.

Author : Maynard J. Howardell
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Anti-inflammatory agents
ISBN : 1600212220

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Trends in COX-2 Inhibitor Research by Maynard J. Howardell Pdf

Cox-2 Inhibitors are newly developed drugs for inflammation that selectively block the Cox-2 enzyme. Blocking this enzyme impedes the production of the chemical messengers (prostaglandins) that cause the pain and swelling of arthritis inflammation. Cox-2 inhibitors are a new class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Because they selectively block the Cox-2 enzyme and not the Cox-1 enzyme, these drugs are uniquely different from traditional NSAIDS. This book explores new research in the field.

Author : Ibis Sanchez Serrano
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2011-07-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780123918758

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The World's Health Care Crisis by Ibis Sanchez Serrano Pdf

At present, human society is facing a health care crisis that is affecting patients worldwide. In the United States, it is generally believed that the major problem is lack of affordable access to health care (i.e. health insurance). This book takes an unprecedented approach to address this issue by proposing that the major problem is not lack of affordable access to health care per se, but lack of access to better, safer, and more affordable medicines. The latter problem is present not only in the United States and the developing world but also in countries with socialized health care systems, such as Europe and the rest of the industrialized world. This book provides a comparative analysis of the health care systems throughout the world and also examines the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Examines the health care structure of the United States, Europe, and the third world, both separately and comparatively Offers primary source insight through in-depth interviews with pharmaceutical and health care industry leaders from around the world Carefully explains, in clear terms, the intricacies of the health care and pharmaceutical system and how these intricacies have led to the current crisis Offers concrete, comprehensive solutions to the health care crisis

Author : Santosh Nigam,Kenneth V. Honn,Lawrence J. Marnett,Thomas Walden Jr.
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 765 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461535201

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Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation and Radiation Injury by Santosh Nigam,Kenneth V. Honn,Lawrence J. Marnett,Thomas Walden Jr. Pdf

In recent decades eicosanoids have been attracting an increasing amount of attention as a result of their important physiological roles in many areas of biology and medicine. The eicosanoids comprise the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes and are products of arachidonic acid, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid stored in tissue phospholipids. Disturbances of eicosanoids and their metabolic products play a regulatory role in many types of cell injuries and diseases. One of the most exciting areas of eicosanoid research pinpoints their participation in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Eicosanoids form a link between different fields of research into such areas as cancer, inflammation and radiation-induced injury. This link provided the impetus for the development of the conference series of which the present volume represents the proceedings of the Second International Conference, held in Berlin in October 1991.

Author : Puratchikody, A.,Prabu, S. Lakshmana,Umamaheswari, A.
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781522573272

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Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development by Puratchikody, A.,Prabu, S. Lakshmana,Umamaheswari, A. Pdf

With more restrictions upon animal experimentations, pharmaceutical industries are currently focusing on a new generation of experiments and technologies that are considerably more efficient and less controversial. The integration of computational and experimental strategies has led to the identification and development of promising compounds. Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development is a pivotal reference source that provides innovative research on the application of computers for discovering and designing new drugs in modern molecular biology and medicinal chemistry. While highlighting topics such as chemical structure databases and dataset utilization, this publication delves into the current panorama of drug discovery, where high drug failure rates are a major concern and properly designed virtual screening strategies can be a time-saving, cost-effective, and productive alternative. This book is ideally designed for chemical engineers, pharmacists, molecular biologists, students, researchers, and academicians seeking current research on the unexplored avenues and future perspectives of drug design.

Author : Charles Vacanti,Scott Segal,Pankaj Sikka,Richard Urman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 1191 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011-07-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139498401

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Essential Clinical Anesthesia by Charles Vacanti,Scott Segal,Pankaj Sikka,Richard Urman Pdf

The clinical practice of anesthesia has undergone many advances in the past few years, making this the perfect time for a new state-of-the-art anesthesia textbook for practitioners and trainees. The goal of this book is to provide a modern, clinically focused textbook giving rapid access to comprehensive, succinct knowledge from experts in the field. All clinical topics of relevance to anesthesiology are organized into 29 sections consisting of more than 180 chapters. The print version contains 166 chapters that cover all of the essential clinical topics, while an additional 17 chapters on subjects of interest to the more advanced practitioner can be freely accessed at www.cambridge.org/vacanti. Newer techniques such as ultrasound nerve blocks, robotic surgery and transesophageal echocardiography are included, and numerous illustrations and tables assist the reader in rapidly assimilating key information. This authoritative text is edited by distinguished Harvard Medical School faculty, with contributors from many of the leading academic anesthesiology departments in the United States and an introduction from Dr S. R. Mallampati. This book is your essential companion when preparing for board review and recertification exams and in your daily clinical practice.

Author : Gennaro Ciliberto
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2000-11-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0203904249

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Cytokine Inhibitors by Gennaro Ciliberto Pdf

Compiling an up-to-date and detailed survey of the role cytokines play in cell-to-cell communication, development, and differentiation, this comprehensive reference highlights the medical advantages of cytokine inhibition and pursues novel methods of discovery for more potent and specific blocking agents. Investigates the pathogenic role of

Author : Raymond S. Sinatra
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 729 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2009-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521874915

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Acute Pain Management by Raymond S. Sinatra Pdf

This textbook provides an overview of pain management useful to specialists as well as non-specialists, surgeons, and nursing staff.

Author : Priya Bahri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811530135

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Communicating about Risks and Safe Use of Medicines by Priya Bahri Pdf

At the core of this book lies the question how to approach medicines, risks and communication as a researcher - or anybody planning and evaluating a communication intervention, or wanting to understand communication events in private and the media. With a view to tackle current shortcomings of communication systems and processes for improved implementation, patient satisfaction and health outcomes, a multilayered approach is presented. This combines multiple data types and methods to obtain a wider and deeper understanding of the major parties and their interactions, as well as the healthcare, social and political contexts of information flows, how they interfere and which impact they have. Illustrated with real life experiences of safety concerns with medicines, worldwide active experts discuss the methods and contributions their disciplines can offer. With considerations on terminologies, tabulated overviews on communication types and outcomes, a patient-centred vision and plain language for non-medical readers, the book creates a platform for multidisciplinary collaborations amongst researchers as well as practitioners from communications, healthcare, the social sciences and pharmacovigilance. Importantly, it advocates for an active role of patients and highlights the achievements and aspirations of patient organisations. Finally, the book suggests establishing an inclusive discipline of humanities and epidemiology of medicinal product risk communication to realise full research potential. The authors are driven by the curiosity for communication as the most human behaviour, and as good health is amongst the basic human needs, medicinal product risk communication is an exciting research field of high global relevance.