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Author : Rensselaer W. Lee,Patrick Clawson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : IND:30000044926925
Author : Robert Mihelli
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2003-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783638236065
Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,2 (A+), RWTH Aachen University (Geography Institute), 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Andean farmers have good financial reasons for continuing to grow coca, and it is unlikely that theeconomic equation can be substantially altered. Cocaine is as cheap and plentiful as ever on U.S.streets, the biggest market for cocaine; the State Department estimates that 1999 coca productionincreased. The current U.S. retail cocaine market is somewhere between $30 billion and $150 billion. Efforts at interdiction and crop substitution have failed, the former because the amounts of cocaineimported are so large that seizures have little overall impact, the latter both because alternative cropsare intrinsically less lucrative and because there is no infrastructure to bring such crops to market. TheU.S. General Accounting Office report to Congress argued that crop substitution was unlikely tosucceed, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has calculated the cost of raw coca as makingup less than 1 percent of the retail cost of refined cocaine in the U.S. The latter statistic means thattraffickers could easily afford to increase what they pay for raw coca if a shortage occurred, therebystimulating production. In order to explain why the andean Countries prefer to grow coca, it is important to understand that thecoca plant is a part of the culture, as history shows and there is a difference between the existence ofcoca and cocaine. The usage and the production of the coca plant changed in the last hundred years,and the monocultural development carry tremendous illegal capacities. But on the other hand, it isoriginally a cultural heritage. To explain this issue one must know where it is cultivated, why and whatproblems it causes for the Andean Countries, and not only for these countries, but on a globalscale.
Author : P. Clawson,R. Lee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781349609789
It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : MINN:31951D029425660
Author : United States International Trade Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : UCSD:31822021410089
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781457825958
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : IND:30000089095297
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781457825781
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015084967358
Author : Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigaciones para la Paz
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1993-03-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004439068
"Political and economic aspects of cocaine in Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia from the perspective of individuals from those countries"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57
Author : Francisco E. Thoumi
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0801878543
Table of contents
Author : Thomas F. Jennings,Joanne Guth
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1998-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780788171918
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) encourages economic growth and development in Car. Basin countries by promoting increased prod'n. and exports of nontraditional products. Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) encourages Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru to reduce drug-crop cultivation and production by fostering production and exports of nontraditional products. Both programs authorize the Pres. to proclaim preferential rates of duty on many products entering the U.S. from these regions. This report estimates the impact of both laws on U.S. industries and consumers in 1996 and assesses the effectiveness of ATPA in promoting drug-related crop eradication and crop substitution efforts in beneficiary countries.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781457824258
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : UCSD:31822025755125
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781457824999
