The Andean Cocaine Industry

Author : P. Clawson,R. Lee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781349609789

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The Andean Cocaine Industry by P. Clawson,R. Lee Pdf

It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.

Author : P. Clawson,R. Lee
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1996-08-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0312124007

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The Andean Cocaine Industry by P. Clawson,R. Lee Pdf

It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Cocaine industry
ISBN : LOC:00020258019

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Cocaine Production in the Andes by United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control Pdf

Author : Paul Gootenberg
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 080788779X

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Andean Cocaine by Paul Gootenberg Pdf

Illuminating a hidden and fascinating chapter in the history of globalization, Paul Gootenberg chronicles the rise of one of the most spectacular and now illegal Latin American exports: cocaine. Gootenberg traces cocaine's history from its origins as a medical commodity in the nineteenth century to its repression during the early twentieth century and its dramatic reemergence as an illicit good after World War II. Connecting the story of the drug's transformations is a host of people, products, and processes: Sigmund Freud, Coca-Cola, and Pablo Escobar all make appearances, exemplifying the global influences that have shaped the history of cocaine. But Gootenberg decenters the familiar story to uncover the roles played by hitherto obscure but vital Andean actors as well--for example, the Peruvian pharmacist who developed the techniques for refining cocaine on an industrial scale and the creators of the original drug-smuggling networks that decades later would be taken over by Colombian traffickers. Andean Cocaine proves indispensable to understanding one of the most vexing social dilemmas of the late twentieth-century Americas: the American cocaine epidemic of the 1980s and, in its wake, the seemingly endless U.S. drug war in the Andes.

Author : Francisco E. Thoumi
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0801878543

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Illegal Drugs, Economy, and Society in the Andes by Francisco E. Thoumi Pdf

Table of contents

Author : Scott B. MacDonald
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1989-06
Category : Education
ISBN : UCSD:31822005180336

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Mountain High, White Avalanche by Scott B. MacDonald Pdf

The Latin Amnerican drug trade has become one of the major problems confronting the United States in the late twentieth century. The key dynamic of that trade is cocaine, which is primarily produced in the Andean nations of Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru. The cocaine trade's influence, however, has spread outwards into other Andean states--Chile, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Moreover, countries on the Andean periphery, such as Panama, have become enmeshed in the trade as transit points and money-lanudering centers. This book examines the cocaine trade in the Andean states and Panana with a special emphasis given to the relationship between cocaine and power. MacDonald examines the linkages between the political and economic power of those in the cocaine trade, the narcotraficantes, and the governments in the region. Important parts of this issue are the drug-insurgency nexus and the significance of the debt crisis. Although the book concentrates on the structure of the cocaine industry in the Andean states and Panama, the final chapters offer policy options on how to contend with the problem.

Author : Robert Mihelli
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783638236065

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Coca and Cocaine in the Andes by Robert Mihelli Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,2 (A+), RWTH Aachen University (Geography Institute), 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Andean farmers have good financial reasons for continuing to grow coca, and it is unlikely that theeconomic equation can be substantially altered. Cocaine is as cheap and plentiful as ever on U.S.streets, the biggest market for cocaine; the State Department estimates that 1999 coca productionincreased. The current U.S. retail cocaine market is somewhere between $30 billion and $150 billion. Efforts at interdiction and crop substitution have failed, the former because the amounts of cocaineimported are so large that seizures have little overall impact, the latter both because alternative cropsare intrinsically less lucrative and because there is no infrastructure to bring such crops to market. TheU.S. General Accounting Office report to Congress argued that crop substitution was unlikely tosucceed, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has calculated the cost of raw coca as makingup less than 1 percent of the retail cost of refined cocaine in the U.S. The latter statistic means thattraffickers could easily afford to increase what they pay for raw coca if a shortage occurred, therebystimulating production. In order to explain why the andean Countries prefer to grow coca, it is important to understand that thecoca plant is a part of the culture, as history shows and there is a difference between the existence ofcoca and cocaine. The usage and the production of the coca plant changed in the last hundred years,and the monocultural development carry tremendous illegal capacities. But on the other hand, it isoriginally a cultural heritage. To explain this issue one must know where it is cultivated, why and whatproblems it causes for the Andean Countries, and not only for these countries, but on a globalscale.

Author : Clare Hargreaves
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UTEXAS:059173000127345

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Snowfields by Clare Hargreaves Pdf

British journalist Hargreaves examines the cocaine industry in Bolivia, which has tripled since the US instigated drug-war against Colombians. She interviews dealers, growers, addicts, and officials of both the Bolivian and US government, and concludes that the trade must be stopped at the demand end, not the supply end. Paper edition (unseen), $16.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Glenn M. Grasso
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Cocaine industry
ISBN : OCLC:1430585828

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Repercussions of the supply-side approach to the war on drugs : the Andean cocaine industry by Glenn M. Grasso Pdf

Author : Christian M. Allen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135932275

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An Industrial Geography of Cocaine by Christian M. Allen Pdf

Latin American cocaine trafficking organizations comprise an indigenous, globally competitive, multinational industry. Their business operations are deeply ingrained within the economic and political systems of countries throughout the region. While criminal enterprises operate in a more complex and uncertain setting than licit firms, their competitive success is determined in fundamentally similar ways. Models developed by geographers to explain the spatial behavior of licit multinational firms are profitably applied here to the operations of drug trafficking operations.

Author : Rensselaer W. Lee,Patrick Clawson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : IND:30000044926925

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Crop Substitution in the Andes by Rensselaer W. Lee,Patrick Clawson Pdf

Author : Sayaka Fukumi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317164883

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Cocaine Trafficking in Latin America by Sayaka Fukumi Pdf

The post-Cold War world has seen the emergence of new kinds of security threats. Whilst traditionally security threats were perceived of in terms of military threats against a state, non-traditional security threats are those that pose a threat to various internal competencies of the state and its identity both home and abroad. The European Union and the United States have identified Latin American cocaine trafficking as a security threat, but their policy responses to it have differed. This book examines the ways in which the EU and the US have conceptualized this threat. Furthermore, it explores the impact of cocaine trafficking on four state functions - economic, political, public order and diplomatic - in order to explain why it has become 'securitized'. Appealing to a variety of university courses, this book is especially relevant to security studies and European and US policy analysis, as well as criminology and sociology.

Author : Carlos Esteban Posada
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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cocaine production and trafficking what do we know? by Carlos Esteban Posada Pdf

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the information currently available on cocaine production and trafficking. The paper starts by describing the available data on cocaine production and trade, the collection methodologies (if available) used by different sources, the main biases in the data, and the accuracy of different data sources. Next, it states some of the key empirical questions and hypotheses regarding cocaine production and trade and takes a first look at how well the data match these hypotheses. The paper states some of the main puzzles in the cocaine market and studies some of the possible explanations. These puzzles and empirical questions should guide future research on the key determinants of illicit drug production and trafficking. Finally, the paper studies the different policies that producer countries have adopted to fight against cocaine production and the role consumer countries play in the implementation of anti-drug policies.

Author : Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigaciones para la Paz
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1993-03-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004439068

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Coca and Cocaine by Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigaciones para la Paz Pdf

"Political and economic aspects of cocaine in Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia from the perspective of individuals from those countries"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

Author : William L. Marcy
Publisher : Chicago Review Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781569765616

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The Politics of Cocaine by William L. Marcy Pdf

Drawing on declassified documents and extensive firsthand research, The Politics of Cocaine takes a hard look at the role the United States played in creating the drug industry that thrives in Central and South America. Author William L. Marcy contends that by conflating anti-Communist and counternarcotics policies, the United States helped establish and strengthen the drug trade as the area's economic base. Increased militarization, destabilization of governments, uncontrollable drug trafficking, more violence, and higher death tolls resulted. Marcy explores how the counternarcotics policies of the 1970s collapsed during the 1980s when economic calamity, Andean guerrilla insurgencies, and Reagan's anti-Communist struggle with Nicaragua and Cuba became conflated as part of the War on Drugs. The book then explores how the U.S. invasion of Panama and narcotics related violence throughout Andean region during the 1990s led to the militarization of the War on Drugs as a way to confront narcotics production, narco-traffickers, and narco-guerrillas alike. Marcy brings to the reader up to the end of the George W. Bush administration and explains why to this date the United States remains unable to control the flow of cocaine into the United States and why the War on Drugs appears to be spiraling out of control. The Politics of Cocaine fills in historical gaps and provides a new and controversial analysis of a complex and seemingly unsolvable problem.