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Author : Edward C. Luck
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Architecture
ISBN : OCLC:1399129983
Author : Edward C. Luck
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781606066744
Cultural Genocide and the Protection of Cultural Heritage examines the various lenses through which the international community defines attacks on cultural heritage—legal, accountability, security, counterterrorism, and atrocity prevention—and proposes a sixth, cultural genocide, that can be used to recast the debate over how to best protect the world’s cultural heritage.
Author : Elisa Novic
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191090912
Cultural genocide is the systematic destruction of traditions, values, language, and other elements that make one group of people distinct from another.Cultural genocide remains a recurrent topic, appearing not only in the form of wide-ranging claims about the commission of cultural genocide in diverse contexts but also in the legal sphere, as exemplified by the discussions before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and also the drafting of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. These discussions have, however, displayed the lack of a uniform understanding of the concept of cultural genocide and thus of the role that international law is expected to fulfil in this regard. The Concept of Cultural Genocide: An International Law Perspective details how international law has approached the core idea underlying the concept of cultural genocide and how this framework can be strengthened and fostered. It traces developments from the early conceptualisation of cultural genocide to the contemporary question of its reparation. Through this journey, the book discusses the evolution of various branches of international law in relation to both cultural protection and cultural destruction in light of a number of legal cases in which either the concept of cultural genocide or the idea of cultural destruction has been discussed. Such cases include the destruction of cultural and religious heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the forced removals of Aboriginal children in Australia and Canada, and the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in relation to Indigenous and tribal groups' cultural destruction.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2022-09-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780197610589
Conflict over cultural heritage has increasingly become a standard part of war. Today, systematic exploitation, manipulation, attacks, and destruction of cultural heritage by state and non-state actors form part of most violent conflicts across the world. Such acts are often intentional and based on well-planned strategies for inflicting harm on groups of people and communities. With this increasing awareness of the role cultural heritage plays in war, scholars and practitioners have progressed from seeing conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage as a cultural tragedy to understanding it as a vital national security issue. There is also a shift from the desire to protect cultural property for its own sake to viewing its protection as connected to broader agendas of peace and security. Concerns about cultural heritage have thus migrated beyond the cultural sphere to worries about the protection of civilians, the financing of terrorism, societal resilience, post-conflict reconciliation, hybrid warfare, and the geopolitics of territorial conflicts. This volume seeks to deepen public understanding of the evolving nexus between cultural heritage and security in the twenty-first century. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and perspectives, the chapters in this volume examine a complex set of relationships between the deliberate destruction and misuse of cultural heritage in times of conflict, on the one hand, and basic societal values, legal principles, and national security, on the other.
Author : Helen Frowe,Derek Matravers
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781606066409
In the third issue of the J. Paul Getty Trust Occasional Papers in Cultural Heritage Policy series, authors Helen Frowe and Derek Matravers pivot from the earlier tone of the series in discussing the appropriate response to attacks on cultural heritage with their paper, “Conflict and Cultural Heritage: A Moral Analysis of the Challenges of Heritage Protection.” While Frowe and Matravers acknowledge the importance of cultural heritage, they assert that we must more carefully consider the complex moral dimensions—the inevitable serious consequences to human beings—before formulating policy to forcefully protect it. A number of writers and thinkers working on the problem of preserving the world’s most treasured monuments, sites, and objects today cite what Frowe and Matravers call extrinsic and intrinsic justifications for the protection of cultural heritage. These are arguments that maintain that protecting heritage will be a key means to achieve other important goals, like the prevention of genocide, or arguments that heritage deserves to be forcefully protected for its own sake. Frowe and Matravers deconstruct both types of justifications, demonstrating a lack of clear evidence for a causal relationship between the destruction of cultural heritage and atrocities like genocide and arguing that the defense of heritage must not be treated with the same weight or urgency, or according to the same international policies, as the defense of human lives. By calling for expanded theory and empirical data and the consideration of morality in the crafting of international policy vis-à-vis cultural heritage protection, Frowe and Matravers present a thoughtful critique that enriches this important series and adds to the ongoing dialogue in the field.
Author : James Cuno,Thomas G. Weiss
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781606066829
The fourth volume of the J. Paul Getty Trust Occasional Papers in Cultural Heritage Policy series is the result of a multi-day discussion on the issue of cultural heritage under siege. It features an edited collection of papers and discussions by nineteen scholars and practitioners of different specialties in the field of cultural heritage. This paper, along with the other Occasional Papers, is free and downloadable online.
Author : James A.R. Nafziger
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004347649
** Winner of the ABILA (American Branch of the International Law Association) Book of the Year Award for a Book on Practical or Technical Subject. ** In this book James Nafziger covers emerging topics of cultural heritage law, a relatively new landmark in the field of both national and international law. His primary focus is on the frontiers identified and developed by the numerous work products of the International Law Association's Committee on Cultural Heritage Law, expanded and updated by some of his own writings. The construction of cultural heritage law is a good example of transnationalism at work, combining national initiatives with diplomacy, UNESCO and other intergovernmental agreements, international custom, and non-governmental initiatives such as the ILA committee's own contributions. These have included published studies, annotated principles and resolutions, draft treaties and a book focused on national practices in the international trade of cultural material. This volume concludes by briefly exploring current and future frontiers of a burgeoning range of topics that are central to many people's daily experiences and interests. This book was awarded the ABILA (American Branch of the International Law Association) Book of the Year Award for a Book on a Practical or Technical Subject, in 2022.
Author : James Cuno
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 776 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-09-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781606068083
A pathbreaking call to halt the intertwined crises of cultural heritage attacks and mass atrocities and mobilize international efforts to protect people and cultures. Intentional destruction of cultural heritage has a long history. Contemporary examples include the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan, mosques in Xinjiang, mausoleums in Timbuktu, and Greco-Roman remains in Syria. Cultural heritage destruction invariably accompanies assaults on civilians, making heritage attacks impossible to disentangle from the mass atrocities of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing. Both seek to eliminate people and the heritage with which they identify. Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities assembles essays by thirty-eight experts from the heritage, social science, humanitarian, legal, and military communities. Focusing on immovable cultural heritage vulnerable to attack, the volume's guiding framework is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), a United Nations resolution adopted unanimously in 2005 to permit international intervention against crimes of war or genocide. Based on the three pillars of prevent, react, and rebuild, R2P offers today's policymakers a set of existing laws and international norms that can and—as this book argues—must be extended to the protection of cultural heritage. Contributions consider the global value of cultural heritage and document recent attacks on people and sites in China, Guatemala, Iraq, Mali, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen. Comprehensive sections on vulnerable populations as well as the role of international law and the military offer readers critical insights and point toward research, policy, and action agendas to protect both people and cultural heritage. A concise abstract of each chapter is offered online in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish to facilitate robust, global dissemination of the strategies and tactics offered in this pathbreaking call to action. The free online edition of this publication is available at getty.edu/publications/cultural-heritage-mass-atrocities. Also available are free PDF, EPUB, and Kindle/MOBI downloads of the book.
Author : Jeffrey S. Bachman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351214094
This book explores concepts of Cultural genocide, its definitions, place in international law, the systems and methods that contribute to its manifestations, and its occurrences. Through a systematic approach and comprehensive analysis, international and interdisciplinary contributors from the fields of genocide studies, legal studies, criminology, sociology, archaeology, human rights, colonial studies, and anthropology examine the legal, structural, and political issues associated with cultural genocide. This includes a series of geographically representative case studies from the USA, Brazil, Australia, West Papua, Iraq, Palestine, Iran, and Canada. This volume is unique in its interdisciplinarity, regional coverage, and the various methods of cultural genocide represented, and will be of interest to scholars of genocide studies, cultural studies and human rights, international law, international relations, indigenous studies, anthropology, and history.
Author : Thomas G. Weiss,Nina Connelly
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781606066720
Cultural Cleansing and Mass Atrocities: Protecting Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict Zones addresses the connection between cultural heritage and cultural cleansing, mass atrocities, and the destruction of cultural heritage. Pulling together various threads of discourse and research, Cultural Cleansing and Mass Atrocities outlines the issues, challenges, and options effecting change.
Author : Helen Walasek,contributions by Richard Carlton,Amra Hadžimuhamedović,Valery Perry,Tina Wik
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317172994
The massive intentional destruction of cultural heritage during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War targeting a historically diverse identity provoked global condemnation and became a seminal marker in the discourse on cultural heritage. It prompted an urgent reassessment of how cultural property could be protected in times of conflict and led to a more definitive recognition in international humanitarian law that destruction of a people's cultural heritage is an aspect of genocide. Yet surprisingly little has been published on the subject. This wide-ranging book provides the first comprehensive overview and critical analysis of the destruction of Bosnia-Herzegovina's cultural heritage and its far-reaching impact. Scrutinizing the responses of the international community during the war (including bodies like UNESCO and the Council of Europe), the volume also analyses how, after the conflict ended, external agendas impinged on heritage reconstruction to the detriment of the broader peace process and refugee return. It assesses implementation of Annex 8 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, a unique attempt to address the devastation to Bosnia's cultural heritage, and examines the treatment of war crimes involving cultural property at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). With numerous case studies and plentiful illustrations, this important volume considers questions which have moved to the foreground with the inclusion of cultural heritage preservation in discussions of the right to culture in human rights discourse and as a vital element of post-conflict and development aid.
Author : Mostafa Abadikhah
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1547270063
Cultural genocide or cultural cleansing is a concept that The Polish jurist "Rapha�l Lemkin" established in 1944 as a component of genocide; in which, since that time, it has become known as "cultural genocide". This term refers to set of activities that follow the purpose and intent of physical genocide; namely, destruction with the intent to destroy a racial, religious, ethnic or national group as such. Rapha�l Lemkin , the architect of "the United Nation of Genocide convention" and inventor of the "Genocide" word and also member of the special committee for the convention draft codification, regarded the collection of the measures as cultural genocide in the draft of convention. One of they is The systematic destruction of the historical and religious monuments or deviation in the using of them, destruction of the documents and objects that are valuable to historical, artistic and religious and also destruction of the religious stuffs. In spite of the fact that the socialist countries and some of the third world countries protected from the cultural genocide term, and The drafters of the 1948 Genocide Convention considered the use of the term; but in order to the objections of the western and Latin American countries, the drafters dropped it from their consideration.But the attempt of the countries is not limited to the genocide convention and continued. as In Article 7 of a 1994 draft of the "United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" used the phrase "cultural genocide" but did not define what it meant The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly during its 62nd session at UN Headquarters in New York City on 13 September 2007, but only mentions "genocide, or any other act of violence" in Article 7 (the only reference to genocide in the document). Although, the cultural genocide term was eliminated from the genocide convention,but the attempt for the introduce its concept in international law can be a step toward encouraging the countries of the world for preventing of the cultural genocide through approval the international documents with an effective sanction. And on the other hand must be answer to this question: are there any examples of the cultural genocide in the contemporary world (21th century), so that the experts of the international criminal law have explained its concept. Therefore, hypothesis in this book are including: 1- In 21th century, there are some cases about cultural heritage destruction, but generally, the cultural genocide term doesn't use about them. Such as world cultural heritage destruction by extremist Groups where have registered in UNESCO in Iraq, Syria and Mali.2- Although, ICC has considered the cultural destruction issue in Timbuktu in the recent years, ICC has put this measures in war crime framework, while if the statute of ICC had criminalized the cultural genocide term, the Cultural destruction in Mali would have recognized as cultural genocide due to the circumstances, "actus rea" and "mens rea" that have been introduced for cultural genocide.3- Although, nowadays the cultural genocide is not considered in formal and legal framework, according to the UNESCO approach and some of the doctrines about the events in Syria, Iraq and Mali, the codification of cultural genocide is more probable. There are three chapters in this book including: 1. In first chapter, deals with the protection of cultural heritage and the cultural genocide term is explained in general. 2. In second chapter, deals with the events happened in Iraq and Syria. in addition to answering to this question: why these events are cultural genocide?3. In third chapter, deals with the events happened in Mali that are famous to the Mali war. And the cultural genocide is considered during the Mali war.
Author : José Antonio González Zarandona,Emma Cunliffe,Melathi Saldin
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-10
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781000890037
The Routledge Handbook of Heritage Destruction presents a comprehensive view on the destruction of cultural heritage and offers insights into this multifaceted, interdisciplinary phenomenon; the methods scholars have used to study it; and the results these various methods have produced. By juxtaposing theoretical and legal frameworks and conceptual contexts alongside a wide distribution of geographical and temporal case studies, this book throws light upon the risks, and the realizations, of art and heritage destruction. Exploring the variety of forces that drive the destruction of heritage, the volume also contains contributions that consider what forms heritage destruction takes and in which contexts and circumstances it manifests. Contributors, including local scholars, also consider how these drivers and contexts change, and what effect this has on heritage destruction, and how we conceptualise it. Overall, the book establishes the importance of the need to study the destruction of art and cultural heritage within a wider framework that encompasses not only theory but also legal, military, social, and ontological issues. The Routledge Handbook of Heritage Destruction will contribute to the development of a more complete understanding and analysis of heritage destruction. The Handbook will be useful to academics, students, and professionals with interest in heritage, conservation and preservation, history and art history, archaeology, anthropology, philosophy, and law.
Author : Noelle Higgins,Taylor & Francis Group
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1032236140
The book queries whether using the genocide framework is an appropriate response to attacks on cultural heritage. It will be an essential resource for scholars and practitioners in the areas of international law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, the rights of minorities and cultural heritage law.
Author : Amy Strecker,Joseph Powderly
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004434011
This book brings together prominent scholars in the fields of international cultural heritage law and heritage studies to scrutinise the various branches of international law and governance dealing with heritage destruction from human rights perspectives, both in times of armed conflict as well as in peace. Importantly, it also examines cases of heritage destruction that may not be intentional, but rather the consequence of large-scale infrastructural development or resource extraction. Chapters deal with high profile cases from Europe, North Africa, The Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean, with a substantial afterword on heritage destruction in Ukraine.