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Examines how scientists study tsunamis. With colorful spreads featuring fun facts, sidebars, a disaster preparedness checklist, and a "How It Works" feature, this book provides an exciting look at the science of disaster detection.
The devastating impacts of tsunamis have received increased focus since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the most destructive tsunami in over 400 years of recorded history. The tsunamis that occurred as a result of the earthquake in Japan in March 2011 further emphasized the need for detection, monitoring, and early-warning technologies. This professional reference is the first of its kind: it provides a globally inclusive review of the current state of tsunami detection technology and will be a much-needed resource for oceanographers and marine engineers working to upgrade and integrate their tsunami warning systems. It focuses on the two main tsunami warning systems (TWS): International and Regional. Featured are comparative assessments of detection, monitoring, and real-time reporting technologies. The challenges of detection through remote measuring stations are also addressed, as well as the historical and scientific aspects of tsunamis. Offers readers the only source of practical content on the technological details of the subject Written by a tsunami detection and monitoring expert who has 32 years of experience in the field Companion web site featuring multi-media components, timely updates on fast-paced technological developments, and an online forum where scientists can exchange ideas, discuss technological updates and provide the author with valuable feedback
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Review of the Tsunami Warning and Forecast System and Overview of the Nation's Tsunami Preparedness
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Review of the Tsunami Warning and Forecast System and Overview of the Nation's Tsunami Preparedness Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 296 pages File Size : 49,6 Mb Release : 2011-04-01 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309137539
Tsunami Warning and Preparedness by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Review of the Tsunami Warning and Forecast System and Overview of the Nation's Tsunami Preparedness Pdf
Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.
Underwater earthquakes, volcanoes, and mudslides can cause tsunami waves that reach land and wreak havoc. Children will learn how tsunamis develop, how they are detected, and their devastating impact on communities.
The book deals with the mechanism of Tsunami related environmental problems to India and the role that disaster management will play. Natural disasters are a big challenge for the world community, particularly for India, where the time has come that the government takes responsibility to see that the local people living in the coastal areas must be involved and that the disaster management awareness programme must be compulsory in all schools. This book deals with all the aspects of Tsunamis and their management.
Tsunami Crushes Coastline by Louise Spilsbury,Richard Spilsbury Pdf
The Fukushima nuclear power plant was seriously damaged by a tsunami in 2011. Today, environmental problems continue, showing just how far-reaching damage from the massive waves of a tsunami can be. Other headline-grabbing tsunamis are profiled in this volume, providing readers with true-life examples as they learn about what causes tsunamis, where they are likely to hit, and how areas prepare for them throughout the main content. Full-color photographs of tsunami-caused devastation accompany the STEM content, boxes of real disaster statistics, and quotes from those who lived through a tsunami.
Tsunami Data Assimilation for Early Warning by Yuchen Wang Pdf
This book focuses on proposing a tsunami early warning system using data assimilation of offshore data. First, Green’s Function-based Tsunami Data Assimilation (GFTDA) is proposed to reduce the computation time for assimilation. It can forecast the waveform at Points of Interest (PoIs) by superposing Green’s functions between observational stations and PoIs. GFTDA achieves an equivalently high accuracy of tsunami forecasting to the previous approaches, while saving sufficient time to achieve an early warning. Second, a modified tsunami data assimilation method is explored for regions with a sparse observation network. The method uses interpolated waveforms at virtual stations to construct the complete wavefront for tsunami propagation. Its application to the 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand earthquake, and the 2015 Illapel earthquake revealed that adopting virtual stations greatly improved the tsunami forecasting accuracy for regions without a dense observation network. Finally, a real-time tsunami detection algorithm using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is presented. The tsunami signals of the offshore bottom pressure gauge can be automatically separated from the tidal components, seismic waves, and background noise. The algorithm could detect tsunami arrival with a short detection delay and accurately characterize the tsunami amplitude. Furthermore, the tsunami data assimilation approach is combined with the real-time tsunami detection algorithm, which is applied to the tsunami of the 2016 Fukushima earthquake. The proposed tsunami data assimilation approach can be put into practice with the help of the real-time tsunami detection algorithm.
A collection of articles that showcases the diversity of tsunami science. This is truly an interdisciplinary field that brings together seismologists, engineers, social scientists, emergency managers, geologists, and geophysicists, to name a few. The title reflects this diversity of tsunami research, ranging from understanding the source mechanism, working towards the fast detection of tsunamis in order to take prompt action, and predicting impacts so those affected are better prepared to respond, reduce losses and recover in a reasonable amount of time. The chapters are arranged such that they follow in some virtual way the tsunami from the source to propagation, inundation and impacts on the social, natural or built environment. The book therefore naturally begins with a chapter on the Nankai Trough, a source of great earthquakes and potentially destructive tsunamis. Chapter Two presents a methodology on detecting and identifying tsunamigenic events, followed by Chapter Three, which uses a popular seismological technique to understand tsunami propagation and potential impact on shores. Chapter Four presents an application of tsunami modeling on evacuation planning. Chapters Five and Six look into the impact of tsunamis on structures such as bridges, utilizing valuable data collected after the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in Japan. Chapter Seven is a risk assessment study that predicts the financial cost of a 1960 Chile type of earthquake if it were to happen today. Chapters Eight and Nine look into the social aspect of disasters by interviewing survivors and presenting how geospatial techniques can be used to reveal potential risks in our environment that could potentially hinder the recovery of communities after a disaster. All of the chapters have been written by specialists in their respective fields, representing a vast range of sciences and research that covers nearly the entire globe, stretching from the US to Japan, Taiwan and New Zealand.
Deep underwater, something shifts. Ocean water pulls back from the shore, then comes flooding back. Tsunami! These massive waves happen when earthquakes or other actions cause huge amounts of water to shift. Learn about tsunamis, pay attention to warnings, and stay safe.
Tsunamis in the European-Mediterranean Region by Gerassimos Papadopoulos Pdf
Tsunamis in the European-Mediterranean Region: From Historical Record to Risk Mitigation provides readers with a much needed, reliable, and up-to-date history of the region, including descriptions and parameters of the main events from pre-history to the present that are supported by parametric catalogues, pictorial material, and examples of instrumental records, such as tide-gauge records. The book presents a broader perspective of needed action for local and national governments, and international organizations, and is written by an internationally recognized expert in this field, providing an authoritative account of historical tsunamis in the eastern Mediterranean. It addresses key points of tsunami mitigation, including the systems currently available for tsunami recording, monitoring, and early warning, along with a presentation of the preventative measures that can be applied in all tsunami-vulnerable regions. Details the systems currently available for tsunami recording, monitoring, and early warning, and the technologies that support them Contains numerical modeling techniques used for the generation, propagation, and inundation of tsunamis Presents clear examples of tsunamis in the region and their documentation, as well as comparisons with other regions globally Includes full-color illustrations that accompany the text
Submarine earthquakes, submarine slides and impacts may set large water volumes in motion characterized by very long wavelengths and a very high speed of lateral displacement, when reaching shallower water the wave breaks in over land - often with disastrous effects. This natural phenomenon is known as a tsunami event. By December 26, 2004, an event in the Indian Ocean, this word suddenly became known to the public. The effects were indeed disastrous and 227,898 people were killed. Tsunami events are a natural part of the Earth's geophysical system. There have been numerous events in the past and they will continue to be a threat to humanity; even more so today, when the coastal zone is occupied by so much more human activity and many more people. Therefore, tsunamis pose a very serious threat to humanity. The only way for us to face this threat is by increased knowledge so that we can meet future events by efficient warning systems and aid organizations. This book offers extensive and new information on tsunamis; their origin, history, effects, monitoring, hazards assessment and proposed handling with respect to precaution. Only through knowledge do we know how to behave in a wise manner. This book should be a well of tsunami knowledge for a long time, we hope.
Sea-Level Science by David Pugh,P. L. Woodworth,Philip Woodworth Pdf
This book explores sea-level change on timescales from hours to centuries, its processes and its measurement techniques, for graduate students, researchers and policy-makers.
Engineering Solutions for Floods and Tsunamis by Corona Brezina Pdf
Floods and tsunamis are terrifying and destructive natural disasters caused by the power of water. Humans will probably never be able to prevent floods and tsunamis, but tools provided by STEM fields enable scientists and engineers to mitigate their damage. STEM principles inform every level of flood and tsunami preparedness, from detection or prediction by federal agencies to the recommendations for individuals. This book describes what happens during a natural disaster and engineering solutions including the use of computer models, building of dams, levees, and permeable pavement, and restoring wetlands. All are tremendous solutions to safeguard lives, property, ecosystems, and world economies.
