Determining Sample Size

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Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies

J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma
Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies Book PDF

Author : J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789811552045

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Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies by J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma Pdf

This book addresses sample size and power in the context of research, offering valuable insights for graduate and doctoral students as well as researchers in any discipline where data is generated to investigate research questions. It explains how to enhance the authenticity of research by estimating the sample size and reporting the power of the tests used. Further, it discusses the issue of sample size determination in survey studies as well as in hypothesis testing experiments so that readers can grasp the concept of statistical errors, minimum detectable difference, effect size, one-tail and two-tail tests and the power of the test. The book also highlights the importance of fixing these boundary conditions in enhancing the authenticity of research findings and improving the chances of research papers being accepted by respected journals. Further, it explores the significance of sample size by showing the power achieved in selected doctoral studies. Procedure has been discussed to fix power in the hypothesis testing experiment. One should usually have power at least 0.8 in the study because having power less than this will have the issue of practical significance of findings. If the power in any study is less than 0.5 then it would be better to test the hypothesis by tossing a coin instead of organizing the experiment. It also discusses determining sample size and power using the freeware G*Power software, based on twenty-one examples using different analyses, like t-test, parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regression, logistic regression, independent and repeated measures ANOVA, mixed design, MANOVA and chi-square.

Sample Size Determination and Power

Thomas P. Ryan
Sample Size Determination and Power Book PDF

Author : Thomas P. Ryan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118439227

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Sample Size Determination and Power by Thomas P. Ryan Pdf

A comprehensive approach to sample size determination and power with applications for a variety of fields Sample Size Determination and Power features a modern introduction to the applicability of sample size determination and provides a variety of discussions on broad topics including epidemiology, microarrays, survival analysis and reliability, design of experiments, regression, and confidence intervals. The book distinctively merges applications from numerous fields such as statistics, biostatistics, the health sciences, and engineering in order to provide a complete introduction to the general statistical use of sample size determination. Advanced topics including multivariate analysis, clinical trials, and quality improvement are addressed, and in addition, the book provides considerable guidance on available software for sample size determination. Written by a well-known author who has extensively class-tested the material, Sample Size Determination and Power: Highlights the applicability of sample size determination and provides extensive literature coverage Presents a modern, general approach to relevant software to guide sample size determination including CATD (computer-aided trial design) Addresses the use of sample size determination in grant proposals and provides up-to-date references for grant investigators An appealing reference book for scientific researchers in a variety of fields, such as statistics, biostatistics, the health sciences, mathematics, ecology, and geology, who use sampling and estimation methods in their work, Sample Size Determination and Power is also an ideal supplementary text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses in statistical sampling.

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2003-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309167857

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Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Pdf

Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

Determining Sample Size

Patrick Dattalo
Determining Sample Size Book PDF

Author : Patrick Dattalo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190295547

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Determining Sample Size by Patrick Dattalo Pdf

A researchers decision about the sample to draw in a study may have an enormous impact on the results, and it rests on numerous statistical and practical considerations that can be difficult to juggle. Computer programs help, but no single software package exists that allows researchers to determine sample size across all statistical procedures. This pocket guide shows social work students, educators, and researchers how to prevent some of the mistakes that would result from a wrong sample size decision by describing and critiquing four main approaches to determining sample size. In concise, example-rich chapters, Dattalo covers sample-size determination using power analysis, confidence intervals, computer-intensive strategies, and ethical or cost considerations, as well as techniques for advanced and emerging statistical strategies such as structural equation modeling, multilevel analysis, repeated measures MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. He also offers strategies for mitigating pressures to increase sample size when doing so may not be feasible. Whether as an introduction to the process for students or as a refresher for experienced researchers, this practical guide is a perfect overview of a crucial but often overlooked step in empirical social work research.

How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?

Samiran Nundy,Atul Kakar,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Samiran Nundy,Atul Kakar,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811652486

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How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? by Samiran Nundy,Atul Kakar,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Pdf

This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research.

Sample Size Calculations

Paul Mathews
Sample Size Calculations Book PDF

Author : Paul Mathews
Publisher : Mathews Malnar and Bailey
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780615324616

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Sample Size Calculations by Paul Mathews Pdf

Sample Size Calculations: Practical Methods for Engineers and Scientists presents power and sample size calculations for common statistical analyses including methods for means, standard deviations, proportions, counts, regression, correlation, and measures of agreement. Topics of special interest to quality engineering professionals include designed experiments, reliability studies, statistical process control, acceptance sampling, process capability analysis, statistical tolerancing, and gage error studies. The book emphasizes approximate methods, but exact methods are presented when the approximate methods fail. Monte Carlo and bootstrap methods are introduced for situations that don't satisfy the assumptions of the analytical methods. Solutions are presented for more than 170 example problems and solutions for selected example problems using PASS, MINITAB, Piface, and R are posted on the Internet.

Introductory Business Statistics (hardcover, Full Color)

Alexander Holmes,Susan Dean,Barbara Illowsky
Introductory Business Statistics hardcover Full Color Book PDF

Author : Alexander Holmes,Susan Dean,Barbara Illowsky
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1998109496

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Introductory Business Statistics (hardcover, Full Color) by Alexander Holmes,Susan Dean,Barbara Illowsky Pdf

Printed in color. Introductory Business Statistics is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the one-semester statistics course for business, economics, and related majors. Core statistical concepts and skills have been augmented with practical business examples, scenarios, and exercises. The result is a meaningful understanding of the discipline, which will serve students in their business careers and real-world experiences.

Explanatory Item Response Models

Paul de Boeck,Mark Wilson
Explanatory Item Response Models Book PDF

Author : Paul de Boeck,Mark Wilson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781475739909

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Explanatory Item Response Models by Paul de Boeck,Mark Wilson Pdf

This edited volume gives a new and integrated introduction to item response models (predominantly used in measurement applications in psychology, education, and other social science areas) from the viewpoint of the statistical theory of generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models. It also includes a chapter on the statistical background and one on useful software.

Statistical Rules of Thumb

Gerald van Belle
Statistical Rules of Thumb Book PDF

Author : Gerald van Belle
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118210369

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Statistical Rules of Thumb by Gerald van Belle Pdf

Praise for the First Edition: "For a beginner [this book] is a treasure trove; for an experienced person it can provide new ideas on how better to pursue the subject of applied statistics." —Journal of Quality Technology Sensibly organized for quick reference, Statistical Rules of Thumb, Second Edition compiles simple rules that are widely applicable, robust, and elegant, and each captures key statistical concepts. This unique guide to the use of statistics for designing, conducting, and analyzing research studies illustrates real-world statistical applications through examples from fields such as public health and environmental studies. Along with an insightful discussion of the reasoning behind every technique, this easy-to-use handbook also conveys the various possibilities statisticians must think of when designing and conducting a study or analyzing its data. Each chapter presents clearly defined rules related to inference, covariation, experimental design, consultation, and data representation, and each rule is organized and discussed under five succinct headings: introduction; statement and illustration of the rule; the derivation of the rule; a concluding discussion; and exploration of the concept's extensions. The author also introduces new rules of thumb for topics such as sample size for ratio analysis, absolute and relative risk, ANCOVA cautions, and dichotomization of continuous variables. Additional features of the Second Edition include: Additional rules on Bayesian topics New chapters on observational studies and Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Additional emphasis on variation and causation Updated material with new references, examples, and sources A related Web site provides a rich learning environment and contains additional rules, presentations by the author, and a message board where readers can share their own strategies and discoveries. Statistical Rules of Thumb, Second Edition is an ideal supplementary book for courses in experimental design and survey research methods at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It also serves as an indispensable reference for statisticians, researchers, consultants, and scientists who would like to develop an understanding of the statistical foundations of their research efforts. A related website www.vanbelle.org provides additional rules, author presentations and more.

Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods

Paul J. Lavrakas
Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods Book PDF

Author : Paul J. Lavrakas
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 1072 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2008-09-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781506317885

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Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods by Paul J. Lavrakas Pdf

In conjunction with top survey researchers around the world and with Nielsen Media Research serving as the corporate sponsor, the Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods presents state-of-the-art information and methodological examples from the field of survey research. Although there are other "how-to" guides and references texts on survey research, none is as comprehensive as this Encyclopedia, and none presents the material in such a focused and approachable manner. With more than 600 entries, this resource uses a Total Survey Error perspective that considers all aspects of possible survey error from a cost-benefit standpoint.

Statistics For Dummies

Deborah J. Rumsey
Statistics For Dummies Book PDF

Author : Deborah J. Rumsey
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781119293521

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Statistics For Dummies by Deborah J. Rumsey Pdf

The fun and easy way to get down to business with statistics Stymied by statistics? No fear? this friendly guide offers clear, practical explanations of statistical ideas, techniques, formulas, and calculations, with lots of examples that show you how these concepts apply to your everyday life. Statistics For Dummies shows you how to interpret and critique graphs and charts, determine the odds with probability, guesstimate with confidence using confidence intervals, set up and carry out a hypothesis test, compute statistical formulas, and more. Tracks to a typical first semester statistics course Updated examples resonate with today's students Explanations mirror teaching methods and classroom protocol Packed with practical advice and real-world problems, Statistics For Dummies gives you everything you need to analyze and interpret data for improved classroom or on-the-job performance.

Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research

Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina
Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research Book PDF

Author : Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 954 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781351727112

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Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research by Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina Pdf

Praise for the Second Edition: "... this is a useful, comprehensive compendium of almost every possible sample size formula. The strong organization and carefully defined formulae will aid any researcher designing a study." -Biometrics "This impressive book contains formulae for computing sample size in a wide range of settings. One-sample studies and two-sample comparisons for quantitative, binary, and time-to-event outcomes are covered comprehensively, with separate sample size formulae for testing equality, non-inferiority, and equivalence. Many less familiar topics are also covered ..." – Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Third Edition presents statistical procedures for performing sample size calculations during various phases of clinical research and development. A comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical concepts and practical applications, this book includes a well-balanced summary of current and emerging clinical issues, regulatory requirements, and recently developed statistical methodologies for sample size calculation. Features: Compares the relative merits and disadvantages of statistical methods for sample size calculations Explains how the formulae and procedures for sample size calculations can be used in a variety of clinical research and development stages Presents real-world examples from several therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular medicine, the central nervous system, anti-infective medicine, oncology, and women’s health Provides sample size calculations for dose response studies, microarray studies, and Bayesian approaches This new edition is updated throughout, includes many new sections, and five new chapters on emerging topics: two stage seamless adaptive designs, cluster randomized trial design, zero-inflated Poisson distribution, clinical trials with extremely low incidence rates, and clinical trial simulation.

Sampling of Populations

Paul S. Levy,Stanley Lemeshow
Sampling of Populations Book PDF

Author : Paul S. Levy,Stanley Lemeshow
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118627310

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Sampling of Populations by Paul S. Levy,Stanley Lemeshow Pdf

A trusted classic on the key methods in population sampling—now in a modernized and expanded new edition Sampling of Populations, Fourth Edition continues to serve as an all-inclusive resource on the basic and most current practices in population sampling. Maintaining the clear and accessible style of the previous edition, this book outlines the essential statistical methodsfor survey design and analysis, while also exploring techniques that have developed over the past decade. The Fourth Edition successfully guides the reader through the basic concepts and procedures that accompany real-world sample surveys, such as sampling designs, problems of missing data, statistical analysis of multistage sampling data, and nonresponse and poststratification adjustment procedures. Rather than employ a heavily mathematical approach, the authors present illustrative examples that demonstrate the rationale behind common steps in the sampling process, from creating effective surveys to analyzing collected data. Along with established methods, modern topics are treated through the book's new features, which include: A new chapter on telephone sampling, with coverage of declining response rates, the creation of "do not call" lists, and the growing use of cellular phones A new chapter on sample weighting that focuses on adjustments to weight for nonresponse, frame deficiencies, and the effects of estimator instability An updated discussion of sample survey data analysis that includes analytic procedures for estimation and hypothesis testing A new section on Chromy's widely used method of taking probability proportional to size samples with minimum replacement of primary sampling units An expanded index with references on the latest research in the field All of the book's examples and exercises can be easily worked out using various software packages including SAS, STATA, and SUDAAN, and an extensive FTP site contains additional data sets. With its comprehensive presentation and wealth of relevant examples, Sampling of Populations, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on survey sampling at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for practicing statisticians who would like to refresh their knowledge of sampling techniques.

Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies

David Machin,Michael J. Campbell,Say Beng Tan,Sze Huey Tan
Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies Book PDF

Author : David Machin,Michael J. Campbell,Say Beng Tan,Sze Huey Tan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781444357967

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Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies by David Machin,Michael J. Campbell,Say Beng Tan,Sze Huey Tan Pdf

This book provides statisticians and researchers with the statistical tools - equations, formulae and numerical tables - to design and plan clinical studies and carry out accurate, reliable and reproducible analysis of the data so obtained. There is no way around this as incorrect procedure in clinical studies means that the researcher's paper will not be accepted by a peer-reviewed journal. Planning and analysing clinical studies is a very complicated business and this book provides indispensible factual information. Please go to http://booksupport.wiley.com and enter 9781405146500 to easily download the supporting materials.

Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials

Steven A. Julious
Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : Steven A. Julious
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-26
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781584887409

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Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials by Steven A. Julious Pdf

Drawing on various real-world applications, Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials takes readers through the process of calculating sample sizes for many types of clinical trials. It provides descriptions of the calculations with a practical emphasis.Focusing on normal, binary, ordinal, and survival data, the book explores a range of trials, including su