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Author : Quality of Urban Air Review Group
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Air
ISBN : IND:30000055867471
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Air
ISBN : OCLC:503678582
Author : Quality of Urban Air Review Group
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Air
ISBN : OCLC:1109069455
Author : Masami Kojima,Magda Lovei
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0821349481
This book details the context within which policy decisions and objectives for the property tax system are made in the transitional economies of Central and Eastern Europe. It shows how these policy decisions evolve as a part of the transitional reforms still in process. This book offers the chance to review the experiences of transitional countries in initiating and implementing fiscal instruments during a decade of enormous transformations. The research for the case studies, included in this book, was sponsored by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
Author : Derek Elsom
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134164943
The world's cities are choking on pollution from traffic and industry. With the health of over 1.6 billion people under threat, poor urban air quality is fast becoming one of them most pressing environmental problems of our times. Smog Alert examines the causes and scale of urban air pollution, identifying who is most at risk, and what particular health risks various pollutants pose. It then considers an effective framework for air quality management, so that national and city authorities can consider what pollution control polices and measures are needed to deliver healthy urban air quality, and to sustain it in the future. Having established the background and framework, the book examines the existing and alternative measures to monitor and combat the declining air quality. It assesses smog alert systems; the potential for cleaner car and fuel technology; sustainable traffic management and public transport policies; and methods of controlling both industrial and residential emissions. Detailed case studies illustrate the severity and breadth of the problem - from the first serious photochemical smogs in Los Angeles to the dire warning offered by Mexico City; and from London (the city which coined the word 'smog') to Athens' pollution phenomenon, the 'nefos'. Drawing on the lessons learned from past experience, Smog Alert provides a comprehensive analysis of how health air quality may yet be achieved in the world's cities.
Author : Asif Faiz,Christopher S. Weaver,Michael P. Walsh
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821334441
Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Author : Bekir Onursal,Surhid Gautam
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1997-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821340166
Much is expected of private financing to help meet the infrastructure requirements of the rapidly growing East Asian economies. Although private financing grew briskly during the 1990s, it represents only a small share of all infrastructure investment in the region (between 12 and 18 percent). This monograph draws on experience in a number of countries in East Asia, as well as Australia, Chile, and India, to analyze the impediments to and prospects for private financing of infrastructure. The chapters discuss the choices available to policymakers and the strategies that governments have followed. An overview chapter describes recent trends in international financing of infrastructure projects in the region, discusses the key policy and institutional impediments to greater private participation, and assesses the role of domestic capital markets and finance. It also outlines a national and regional strategy for stimulating private investment in infrastructure. The case studies from countries outside East Asia illustrate the payoffs of increased integration and concerted moves toward private provision of infrastructure.
Author : Joseph Santodonato,Dipak Basu,Philip Howard
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Air
ISBN : PSU:000029445714
Author : Frank W. Rusco,W. David Walls
Publisher : Chinese University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Nature
ISBN : 962201657X
The main source of particulates and nitrogen oxides in Hong Kong is attributable to goods vehicles and to a lesser extent buses; taxis and private cars contribute only a small fraction of these pollutants, even in densely populated areas or urban canyons. The growing volume of vehicle traffic between Hong Kong and China contributes to increasing the level of vehicle emissions found in the territory. These findings have important implications for both environmental and transport policies.
Author : L. H. Watkins
Publisher : Stationery Office Books (TSO)
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Nature
ISBN : STANFORD:36105000303177
By the year 2000 the world vehicle population is predicted to be about 686 million, and in the United Kingdom transport consumes over 30 million tonnes of fuel a year.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Air
ISBN : NWU:35556032008989
Author : California. Bureau of Air Sanitation,John R. Kinosian
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Air
ISBN : UCBK:C101136653
Author : J. Fenger,O. Hertel,F. Palmgren
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401590808
This European Community-initiated book presents an up-to-date account of the air pollution situation with special reference to European cities. Its structure follows by and large the logical chain of events in air pollution, from sources, through dispersion and deposition, to impacts.
Author : Ernesto Sánchez-Triana,Santiago Enriquez,Javaid Afzal,Akiko Nakagawa,Asif Shuja Khan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464802362
The extent of urban air pollution in Pakistan—South Asia's most urbanized country—is among the world’s most severe, significantly damaging human health, quality of life, and the economy and environment of Pakistan. The harm from Pakistan's urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. Improved air quality management (AQM) in Pakistan can have notable economic and health benefits. For example, the estimated health benefits per dollar spent on cleaner diesel are approximately US $1–1.5 for light-duty diesel vehicles and US $1.5–2.4 for large buses and trucks. This report advocates that Pakistan allocate resources to AQM, because its air quality is severely affecting millions of Pakistanis, and because experiences around the world indicate that interventions can significantly improve air quality. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan’s AQM challenges, and identifies a comprehensive set of steps to improve air quality. The research presented here underpins the conclusions that addressing Pakistan's urban air pollution requires coordinated interventions to strengthen AQM, build agencies' institutional capacity, bolster AQM's legal and regulatory framework, implement policy reforms and investments, and fill knowledge gaps. However, Pakistan's policy makers face major obstacles, including limited financial, human, and technical resources, and can pursue only a few AQM interventions at the same time. In the short term, Pakistan's AQM should give highest priority to reducing pollutants linked to high morbidity and mortality: PM2.5 (and precursors like SOx and NOx) from mobile sources. A second-level short-term priority could be PM2.5, SOx, and emissions of toxic metals from stationary sources. An important medium-term priority should be mass transportation in major cities, controlling traffic, and restricting private cars during high-pollution episodes. A long-term priority could be taxing hydrocarbons, based on their contribution to greenhouse gases.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Air
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.