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Author : L. H. Watkins
Publisher : Stationery Office Books (TSO)
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Nature
ISBN : STANFORD:36105000303177
By the year 2000 the world vehicle population is predicted to be about 686 million, and in the United Kingdom transport consumes over 30 million tonnes of fuel a year.
Author : Asif Faiz,Christopher S. Weaver,Michael P. Walsh
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821334441
Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Author : R M Harrison,R E Hester
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781782628927
The first concerns that come to mind in relation to pollution from road vehicles are direct emissions of carbon dioxide and toxic air pollutants. These are, of course, important but the impacts of road traffic are altogether more substantial. This volume of the Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series takes a broader view of the effects on the environment and human health, excluding only injury due to road traffic accidents. By looking across the environmental media, air, water and soil, and taking account also of noise pollution, the volume addresses far more than the conventional atmospheric issues. More importantly, however, it examines present and future vehicle technologies, the implications of more extensive use of batteries in electric vehicles and the consequences of recycling vehicles at the end of use. Finally, examples of life-cycle analysis as applied to road vehicles are reviewed. This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information for students studying pollution, and for policy-makers concerned with vehicle emissions and road traffic impacts more generally.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Air
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.
Author : Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780128181232
Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Author : Fulvio Amato
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128117514
Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Air
ISBN : STANFORD:36105126837462
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264888852
Non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter constitute a little-known but rising share of emissions from road traffic and have significant negative impacts on public health. This report synthesizes the current state of knowledge about the nature, causes, and consequences of non-exhaust particulate emissions. It also projects how particulate matter emissions from non-exhaust sources may evolve in future years and reflects on policy instrument mixes that can address this largely ignored environmental issue.
Author : Bekir Onursal,Surhid Gautam
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821340166
Much is expected of private financing to help meet the infrastructure requirements of the rapidly growing East Asian economies. Although private financing grew briskly during the 1990s, it represents only a small share of all infrastructure investment in the region (between 12 and 18 percent). This monograph draws on experience in a number of countries in East Asia, as well as Australia, Chile, and India, to analyze the impediments to and prospects for private financing of infrastructure. The chapters discuss the choices available to policymakers and the strategies that governments have followed. An overview chapter describes recent trends in international financing of infrastructure projects in the region, discusses the key policy and institutional impediments to greater private participation, and assesses the role of domestic capital markets and finance. It also outlines a national and regional strategy for stimulating private investment in infrastructure. The case studies from countries outside East Asia illustrate the payoffs of increased integration and concerted moves toward private provision of infrastructure.
Author : Frank W. Rusco,W. David Walls
Publisher : Chinese University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Nature
ISBN : 962201657X
The main source of particulates and nitrogen oxides in Hong Kong is attributable to goods vehicles and to a lesser extent buses; taxis and private cars contribute only a small fraction of these pollutants, even in densely populated areas or urban canyons. The growing volume of vehicle traffic between Hong Kong and China contributes to increasing the level of vehicle emissions found in the territory. These findings have important implications for both environmental and transport policies.
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Air
ISBN : STANFORD:36105127333107
Author : J. Rose
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000698114
Originally published in 1973 and based on papers published in The International Journal of Environmental Studies, this book discusses the impact of road vehicles on the environment. Particular stress is laid on the design of towns and vehicles, economic problems associated with these, the responsibility of planners and the integration of transport planning and environmental planning at local, regional and national levels. Subsequent sections cover the science of accident research and legislation, particularly dealing with global pollution control. Many of the problems discussed remain as pressing today as when this book was first published.
Author : Asif Faiz,Christopher S. Weaver,Michael P. Walsh,Banco Mundial
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:777860609
Author : Dietrich Schwela,Olivier Zali
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1998-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482272093
Noise and air pollution from motor vehicles have a major impact on the physical and mental well-being of urban residents worldwide. Although control measures have already been implemented in most developed countries, noise and air pollution have only recently become major problems in many developing countries, as rapid industrial growth, population increase and improved living standards have led to an increase in car ownership. If control measures are not implemented swiftly in developing countries, the effects on public health will be extremely serious. This book, which has been prepared by WHO in collaboration with the Ecotoxicology Service of the Department of Public Health in Geneva, discusses global trends in noise and air pollution from motor vehicles, their effects on public health, and the control measures available. This book discusses: * global trends of motor vehicle air pollution * its effects on public health * the various control measures available
Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2000-07-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309171908
The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.