Divided Responsibility Lessons From U S Security Sector Assistance Efforts In Afghanistan

Author : Department of Department of Defense,James Cunningham,Brittany Gates,Samantha Hay,Zachary Martin,Special Inspector Special Inspector for Afghanistan Reconstruction
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 108252364X

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Divided Responsibility: Lessons from U. S. Security Sector Assistance Efforts in Afghanistan by Department of Department of Defense,James Cunningham,Brittany Gates,Samantha Hay,Zachary Martin,Special Inspector Special Inspector for Afghanistan Reconstruction Pdf

After 17 years of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan and security-related U.S. appropriations totaling $83.3 billion (approximately 63 percent of the nearly $133 billion of U.S. reconstruction funding), there is not one person, agency, country, or military service that has had sole responsibility for overseeing security sector assistance (SSA).1 Instead, the responsibility for security sector assistance was divided among multiple U.S. and international entities. This report examines how these divides had unintended consequences and created challenges to the effectiveness of the mission, as well as some benefits.While the dual-hatted U.S.-NATO commander is largely responsible for reconstructing the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF), the Ministry of Defense (MOD), and the Ministry of Interior (MOI), the commander has no direct authority over civilian actors operating within embassies, the European Union, and other international organizations. Moreover, the commander does not have absolute authority to dictate the exact methods and activities NATO countries use to train and advise the ANDSF in different parts of Afghanistan. Rather the commander provides overarching guidance and coordinates the countries' various activities. This has created asymmetries in ANDSF development and has impeded the standardization of security sector assistance programs.This report also highlights how the unity of command and effort was strained because no U.S. executive branch department or military service had full ownership of key components of the mission, responsibility for assessing progress toward meeting U.S. strategic objectives, or accountability for vetting and deploying experts to accomplish mission tasks. Within the NATO-led coalition, the United States implemented a patchwork of SSA activities and programs involving dozens of U.S. government entities and international partner nations.

Author : Terrence K. Kelly,Nora Bensahel,Olga Oliker
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780833052223

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Security Force Assistance in Afghanistan by Terrence K. Kelly,Nora Bensahel,Olga Oliker Pdf

Security force assistance (SFA) is a central pillar of the counterinsurgency campaign being waged by U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan. This monograph analyzes SFA efforts in Afghanistan over time, documents U.S. and international approaches to building the Afghan force from 2001 to 2009, and provides observations and recommendations that emerged from extensive fieldwork in Afghanistan in 2009 and their implications for the U.S. Army.

Author : Special Inspector for Afghanistan Reconstruction (U.S.),Special Inspector General for Afghanista
Publisher : U.S. Independent Agencies and Commissions
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08
Category : History
ISBN : 0160948312

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Reconstructing the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces: Lessons from the U.S. Experience in Afghanistan by Special Inspector for Afghanistan Reconstruction (U.S.),Special Inspector General for Afghanista Pdf

This publication is the second in a series of lessons learned reports which examine how the U.S. government and Departments of Defense, State, and Justice carried out reconstruction programs in Afghanistan. In particular, the report analyzes security sector assistance (SSA) programs to create, train and advise the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) between 2002 and 2016. This publication concludes that the effort to train the ANDSF needs to continue, and provides recommendations for the SSA programs to be improved, based on lessons learned from careful analysis of real reconstruction situations in Afghanistan. The publication states that the United States was never prepared to help create Afghan police and military forces capable of protecting that country from internal and external threats. It is the hope of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), John F. Sopko, that this publication, and other SIGAR reports will create a body of work that can help provide reasonable solutions to help United States agencies and military forces improve reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan. Related items: Counterterrorism publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/counterterrorism Counterinsurgency publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/counterinsurgency Warfare & Military Strategy publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/warfare-military-strategy Afghanistan War publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/afghanistan-war

Author : United States. Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0160941385

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Reconstructing the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces by United States. Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Pdf

Author : Louis-Alexandre Berg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197572382

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Governing Security After War by Louis-Alexandre Berg Pdf

"This book explores the political dilemmas around security forces in war-torn countries. Well-governed military and police forces are central to sustained peace after civil war, and efforts to restructure security forces are major components of peacebuilding and stabilization efforts. As international actors have attempted to strengthen oversight and curb abuse, however, they have run into thorny political obstacles. Varied outcomes have raised questions about the value of international assistance for strengthening state institutions"--

Author : Adam Wunische
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781509554867

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Unwinnable Wars by Adam Wunische Pdf

In nine short days, Taliban forces destroyed two decades of American armed statebuilding in Afghanistan. This was no isolated failure. Over the last century, almost every attempt to intervene militarily to prop up or reconstruct an allied state has seen similar dismal outcomes. Why? This book answers that fundamental question. By exploring the factors that hindered success in Afghanistan, Adam Wunische identifies forces common to other unsuccessful U.S. armed statebuilding missions, from Vietnam to Syria, Haiti to Iraq. These forces, he argues, inherently favor insurgencies, forfeit sustainability for quick results, and create dependencies and corruption – all of which undermine the goal of building a state that can stand on its own. Not only that, but most of these forces are inescapable and uncontrollable. This means any future attempts at armed statebuilding will likely also be unwinnable, with costs and consequences far outpacing America’s interests and benefits. Faced with a future likely dominated by proxy wars, Wunische offers a novel way forward to prevent the U.S. from chasing new wars that it is destined to lose.

Author : Rob Johnson,Martijn Kitzen,Tim Sweijs
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000347067

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The Conduct of War in the 21st Century by Rob Johnson,Martijn Kitzen,Tim Sweijs Pdf

This book examines the key dimensions of 21st century war, and shows that orthodox thinking about war, particularly what it is and how it is fought, needs to be updated. Accelerating societal, economic, political and technological change affects how we prepare, equip and organise for war, as well as how we conduct war – both in its low-tech and high-tech forms, and whether it is with high intensity or low intensity. The volume examines changes in warfare by investigating the key features of the conduct of war during the first decades of the 21st century. Conceptually centred around the terms ‘kinetic’, ‘connected’ and ‘synthetic’, the analysis delves into a wide range of topics. The contributions discuss hybrid warfare, cyber and influence activities, machine learning and artificial intelligence, the use of armed drones and air power, the implications of the counterinsurgency experiences in Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria, as well as the consequences for law(fare) and decision making. This work will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, security studies and International Relations. Chapters 1, 2, 5, and 19 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Author : John F. Sopko
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1457869136

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Corruption in Conflict by John F. Sopko Pdf

This report examines how the U.S. government -- primarily the Departments of Defense (DOD), State, Treasury, and Justice (DOJ), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) -- understood the risks of corruption in Afghanistan, how the U.S. response to corruption evolved, and the effectiveness of that response. The report identifies lessons to inform U.S. policies and actions at the onset of and throughout a contingency operation and makes recommendations for both legislative and executive branch action. This analysis reveals that corruption substantially undermined the U.S. mission in Afghanistan from the very beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom. It concludes that failure to effectively address the problem means that U.S. reconstruction programs, at best, will continue to be subverted by systemic corruption and, at worst, will fail. Figures and tables.. This is a print on demand report.

Author : U S Military,Department of Defense (Dod),U S Government
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1097656357

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Enhancing Security and Stability in Afghanistan - December 2018 Pentagon Report on Afghan War U.S. Status, Strategy, and Objectives, Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) Financing by U S Military,Department of Defense (Dod),U S Government Pdf

This unique report was issued in December 2018. The principle goal of the South Asia Strategy is to conclude the war in Afghanistan on terms favorable to Afghanistan and the United States. Over the past 16 months, the United States and its partners have used military force to drive the Taliban towards a durable and inclusive political settlement. There have been some notable developments - the Eid al-Fitr ceasefire and the support for peace from the broader Islamic community - which threatened the legitimacy of the Taliban and may represent leading indicators of success. The Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation (SRAR) has reinforced U.S. diplomatic engagements with Afghans, neighboring states, and interested parties in the broader region. Increased military pressure on the Taliban, international calls for peace, and the new SRAR's engagements appear to be driving the Taliban to negotiations. While an array of challenges remain-Afghan political stability, Afghan security force capacity, and regional spoilers-the combination of military escalation and diplomatic initiative have made a favorable political settlement more likely than at any time in recent memory.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Executive Summary * Section 1 - Strategy and Objectives * 1.1 U.S. Strategy in Afghanistan * 1.2 U.S. Objectives in Afghanistan * 1.3 U.S. Counterterrorism Mission * 1.4 NATO-led Resolute Support Mission * 1.5 Indications of Progress * Section 2 - Threat Assessment * 2.1 Importance of Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations * 2.2 Current Security Conditions * Section 3 - Overview of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces * 3.1 ANDSF Roadmap * 3.2 ANDSF Size, Posture, and assessment * 3.3 Capabilities * Section 4 - Ministry of Defense and Afghan National Army * 4.1 Ministry of Defense * 4.2 Afghan National Army * Section 5 - Ministry of Interior and Afghan National Police * 5.1 Ministry of Interior * 5.2 Afghan National Police * Section 6 - Financing the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces * 6.1 Holding the Afghan Ministries Accountable * 6.2 U.S. Contributions * 6.3 International Contributions * 6.4 Afghan Government ContributionsThe current military situation inside of Afghanistan remains at an impasse. The introduction of additional advisors and enablers in 2018 stabilized the situation, slowing the momentum of a Taliban march that had capitalized on U.S. drawdowns between 2011 and 2016. The Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) remain in control of most of Afghanistan's population centers and all of the provincial capitals, while the Taliban control large portions of Afghanistan's rural areas, and continue to attack poorly defended government checkpoints and rural district centers. The ANDSF have continued to excel in offensive operations; the bulk of their casualties have come in defense of isolated checkpoints, command posts, and bases. The ANDSF, with U.S. and coalition support, have limited new Taliban territorial gains and quickly regained control of population centers when attacked. The intensity of the fighting and level of bloodshed on both sides has risen as both sides vie for leverage at the negotiating table.

Author : National Defense University,Joseph J. Collins,Jr. Richard D. Hooker
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Reference
ISBN : 1329628497

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Lessons Encountered by National Defense University,Joseph J. Collins,Jr. Richard D. Hooker Pdf

This volume represents an early attempt at assessing the Long War, now in its 14th year. Forged in the fires of the 9/11 attacks, the war includes campaigns against al Qaeda, major conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, and operations in the Horn of Africa, the Republic of the Philippines, and globally, in the air and on the sea. The authors herein treat only the campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq, the largest U.S. efforts. It is intended for future senior officers, their advisors, and other national security decisionmakers. By derivation, it is also a book for students in joint professional military education courses, which will qualify them to work in the field of strategy. While the book tends to focus on strategic decisions and developments of land wars among the people, it acknowledges that the status of the United States as a great power and the strength of its ground forces depend in large measure on the dominance of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force in their respective domains.

Author : Conor Keane
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317003182

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US Nation-Building in Afghanistan (Open Access) by Conor Keane Pdf

Why has the US so dramatically failed in Afghanistan since 2001? Dominant explanations have ignored the bureaucratic divisions and personality conflicts inside the US state. This book rectifies this weakness in commentary on Afghanistan by exploring the significant role of these divisions in the US’s difficulties in the country that meant the battle was virtually lost before it even began. The main objective of the book is to deepen readers understanding of the impact of bureaucratic politics on nation-building in Afghanistan, focusing primarily on the Bush Administration. It rejects the ’rational actor’ model, according to which the US functions as a coherent, monolithic agent. Instead, internal divisions within the foreign policy bureaucracy are explored, to build up a picture of the internal tensions and contradictions that bedevilled US nation-building efforts. The book also contributes to the vexed issue of whether or not the US should engage in nation-building at all, and if so under what conditions.

Author : Terrence K. Kelly,Nora Bensahel,Olga Oliker
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780833052247

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Security Force Assistance in Afghanistan by Terrence K. Kelly,Nora Bensahel,Olga Oliker Pdf

Security force assistance (SFA) is a central pillar of the counterinsurgency campaign being waged by U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan. This monograph analyzes SFA efforts in Afghanistan over time, documents U.S. and international approaches to building the Afghan force from 2001 to 2009, and provides observations and recommendations that emerged from extensive fieldwork in Afghanistan in 2009 and their implications for the U.S. Army.

Author : Richard Lee Armitage,Samuel R. Berger,Daniel Seth Markey
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Afghan War, 2001-
ISBN : 9780876094792

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U.S. Strategy for Pakistan and Afghanistan by Richard Lee Armitage,Samuel R. Berger,Daniel Seth Markey Pdf

The Council on Foreign Relations sponsors Independent Task Forces to assess issues of current and critical importance to U.S. foreign policy and provide policymakers with concrete judgments and recommendations. Diverse in backgrounds and perspectives, Task Force members aim to reach a meaningful consensus on policy through private and non-partisan deliberations. Once launched, Task Forces are independent of CFR and solely responsible for the content of their reports. Task Force members are asked to join a consensus signifying that they endorse "the general policy thrust and judgments reached by the group, though not necessarily every finding and recommendation." Each Task Force member also has the option of putting forward an additional or a dissenting view. Members' affiliations are listed for identification purposes only and do not imply institutional endorsement. Task Force observers participate in discussions, but are not asked to join the consensus. --Book Jacket.

Author : Stephen Biddle
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105122199420

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Afghanistan and the Future of Warfare by Stephen Biddle Pdf

Author : CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform,Office of the Investigator General
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1722208619

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Counternarcotics by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform,Office of the Investigator General Pdf

Counternarcotics : lessons from the U.S. experience in Afghanistan.