Dna Modifications In The Brain

Author : Timothy W Bredy
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128017814

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DNA Modifications in the Brain by Timothy W Bredy Pdf

DNA Modifications in the Brain: Neuroepigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression begins with an historical overview of the early discoveries surrounding DNA methylation in the mammalian brain and then explores the evidence supporting a role for this epigenetic mechanism in controlling gene expression programs across the lifespan in both normal and diseased states. Chapters describe new directions and technological advances, and provide an overview of what the future holds for this exciting new field. This book is ideal for medical, graduate and advanced undergraduate students, but is also a great resource for researchers who need a broad introduction to the dynamic nature of DNA that sheds light on evolving concepts of gene-environment interaction and their effects on adaptation and neuropsychiatric disease. Provides a comprehensive overview of the many facets of DNA modifications Discusses the impact of this dynamic epigenetic mechanism across brain development and lifespan at behavioral, cognitive, molecular and genetic levels Contains contributions by influential leaders in the field Edited by a Neuroscientist to further promote synthesis between epigenetics, neuroscience, and clinical relevance

Author : Paolo Sassone Corsi,Yves Christen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642279133

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Epigenetics, Brain and Behavior by Paolo Sassone Corsi,Yves Christen Pdf

Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the filed of epigenetics. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields and evidence connecting epigentic regulation to brain functions has been accumulationg. Neurons daily convert a variety of external stimuli into rapid or long-lasting changes in gene expression. A variety of studies have centered on the molcular mechanisms implicated in epigentic control and how these may operte in concert. It will be critical to unravel how specifity is achieved. The focus of this volume is on critical epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling events that occur in the nervous system and on the presumed mechanisms that operate within neurons to translate them into long-lasting neuronal responses.

Author : Veron
Publisher : Tredition Gmbh
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 3384223373

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Brain's Hidden Switches by Veron Pdf

Brain's Hidden Switches: Beyond DNA Our understanding of the brain has traditionally focused on DNA, the blueprint of life. However, recent research unveils a fascinating truth - DNA is just the first act in the grand play of brain function. Beyond the rigid code of genes lies a hidden layer of control - epigenetic mechanisms that act as the brain's hidden switches, dynamically fine-tuning its operations. Imagine a beautifully composed symphony. The sheet music (DNA) outlines the melody and harmony, but the conductor (epigenetics) brings the music to life, adjusting tempo, volume, and individual instrument contributions to create a nuanced and dynamic performance. This analogy aptly describes the interplay between DNA and epigenetics in the brain. Epigenetics, literally meaning "above genetics," refers to modifications that influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications act like dimmer switches on genes, controlling how much protein (the functional output of genes) is produced in different brain regions and throughout an organism's lifespan. There are two key epigenetic mechanisms at play: DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation involves adding a chemical tag to DNA, often silencing gene activity. Conversely, histone modifications loosen or tighten the packaging of DNA around proteins called histones. Tightly packed DNA is less accessible for protein production, while looser packaging allows for increased gene expression.

Author : Arturas Petronis,Jonathan Mill
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-05-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642174261

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Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics by Arturas Petronis,Jonathan Mill Pdf

Biomedical research in the first decade of the 21st century has been marked by a rapidly growing interest in epigenetics. The reasons for this are numerous, but primarily it stems from the mounting realization that research programs focused solely on DNA sequence variation, despite their breadth and depth, are unlikely to address all fundamental aspects of human biology. Some questions are evident even to non-biologists. How does a single zygote develop into a complex multicellular organism composed of dozens of different tissues and hundreds of cell types, all genetically identical but performing very different functions? Why do monozygotic twins, despite their stunning external similarities, often exhibit significant differences in personality and predisposition to disease? If environmental factors are solely the cause of such variation, why are similar differences also observed between genetically identical animals housed in a uniform environment? Over the last couple of decades, epigenetics has undergone a significant metamorphosis from an abstract developmental theory to a very dynamic and rapidly developing branch of molecular biology. This volume represents a compilation of our current understanding about the key aspects of epigenetic processes in the brain and their role in behavior. The chapters in this book bring together some of the leading researchers in the field of behavioral epigenetics. They explore many of the epigenetic processes which operate or may be operating to mediate neurobiological functions in the brain and describe how perturbations to these systems may play a key role in mediating behavior and the origin of brain diseases.

Author : Yogesh Dwivedi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781439838815

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The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide by Yogesh Dwivedi Pdf

With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.

Author : Alexey Ruzov,Martin Gering
Publisher : Humana
Page : 495 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1071608754

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DNA Modifications by Alexey Ruzov,Martin Gering Pdf

This book provides an overview of methods and experimental protocols that are currently used to analyze the presence and abundance of non-canonical DNA nucleotides in different biological systems. Focusing particularly on the newly discovered and less studied DNA modifications that are enzymatically produced and are likely to play specific roles in various biological processes, the volume explores chromatography- and mass spectrometry-based techniques for the detection and quantification of DNA modifications, antibody-based approaches to study their spatial distribution in different cells and tissues, and methods to analyze their genomic distribution with the help of bioinformatics tools that interrogate the corresponding datasets. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, DNA Modifications: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to research scientists and PhD students in this rapidly developing discipline, and, thus, will ultimately contribute to deciphering the roles of non-canonical DNA nucleotides in different biological systems.

Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Cytology
ISBN : 0815332181

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Molecular Biology of The Cell by Bruce Alberts Pdf

Author : Michel Neidhart
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780127999203

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DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease by Michel Neidhart Pdf

DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease reviews the possibilities of methyl-group-based epigenetic biomarkers of major diseases, tailored epigenetic therapies, and the future uses of high-throughput methylome technologies. This volume includes many pertinent advances in disease-bearing research, including obesity, type II diabetes, schizophrenia, and autoimmunity. DNA methylation is also discussed as a plasma and serum test for non-invasive screening, diagnostic and prognostic tests, as compared to biopsy-driven gene expression analysis, factors which have led to the use of DNA methylation as a potential tool for determining cancer risk, and diagnosis between benign and malignant disease. Therapies are at the heart of this volume and the possibilities of DNA demethylation. In cancer, unlike genetic mutations, DNA methylation and histone modifications are reversible and thus have shown great potential in the race for effective treatments. In addition, the authors present the importance of high-throughput methylome analysis, not only in cancer, but also in non-neoplastic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Discusses breaking biomarker research in major disease families of current health concern and research interest, including obesity, type II diabetes, schizophrenia, and autoimmunity Summarizes advances not only relevant to cancer, but also in non-neoplastic disease, currently an emerging field Describes wholly new concepts, including the linking of metabolic pathways with epigenetics Provides translational researchers with the knowledge of both basic research and clinic applications of DNA methylation in human diseases

Author : Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781498766579

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Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant Pdf

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.

Author : Karin B. Michels
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-01-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400724952

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Epigenetic Epidemiology by Karin B. Michels Pdf

The exploding field of epigenetics is challenging the dogma of traditional Mendelian inheritance. Epigenetics plays an important role in shaping who we are and contributes to our prospects of health and disease. While early epigenetic research focused on plant and animal models and in vitro experiments, population-based epidemiologic studies increasingly incorporate epigenetic components. The relevance of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modification for disease causation has yet to be fully explored.This book covers the basic concepts of epigenetic epidemiology, discusses challenges in study design, analysis, and interpretation, epigenetic laboratory techniques, the influence of age and environmental factors on shaping the epigenome, the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins hypothesis, and provides the state of the art on the epigenetic epidemiology of various health conditions including childhood syndromes, cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis. With contributions from: Peter Jones, Jean-Pierre Issa, Gavin Kelsey, Robert Waterland, and many other experts in epigenetics!

Author : Stefan Jurga,Jan Barciszewski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030147921

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The DNA, RNA, and Histone Methylomes by Stefan Jurga,Jan Barciszewski Pdf

This book reviews the chemical, regulatory, and physiological mechanisms of protein arginine and lysine methyltransferases, as well as nucleic acid methylations and methylating enzymes. Protein and nucleic acid methylation play key and diverse roles in cellular signalling and regulating macromolecular cell functions. Protein arginine and lysine methyltransferases are the predominant enzymes that catalyse S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methylation of protein substrates. These enzymes catalyse a nucleophilic substitution of a methyl group to an arginine or lysine side chain nitrogen (N) atom. Cells also have additional protein methyltransferases, which target other amino acids in peptidyl side chains or N-termini and C-termini, such as glutamate, glutamine, and histidine. All these protein methyltransferases use a similar mechanism. In contrast, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are substrates for methylating enzymes, which employ various chemical mechanisms to methylate nucleosides at nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) atoms. This book illustrates how, thanks to there ability to expand their repertoire of functions to the modified substrates, protein and nucleic acid methylation processes play a key role in cells.

Author : Jacob Peedicayil,Dennis R. Grayson,Dimitri Avramopoulos
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 848 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128235782

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Epigenetics in Psychiatry by Jacob Peedicayil,Dennis R. Grayson,Dimitri Avramopoulos Pdf

Epigenetics in Psychiatry, Second Edition covers all major areas of psychiatry in which extensive epigenetic research has been performed, fully encompassing a diverse and maturing field, including drug addiction, bipolar disorder, epidemiology, cognitive disorders, and the uses of putative epigenetic-based psychotropic drugs. Uniquely, each chapter correlates epigenetics with relevant advances across genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The book acts as a catalyst for further research in this growing area of psychiatry. This new edition has been fully revised to address recent advances in epigenetic understanding of psychiatric disorders, evoking data consortia (e.g., CommonMind, ATAC-seq), single cell analysis, and epigenome-wide association studies to empower new research. The book also examines epigenetic effects of the microbiome on psychiatric disorders, and the use of neuroimaging in studying the role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression. Ongoing advances in epigenetic therapy are explored in-depth. Fully revised to discuss new areas of research across neuronal stem cells, cognitive disorders, and transgenerational epigenetics in psychiatric disease Relates broad advances in psychiatric epigenetics to a modern understanding of the genome, transcriptome, and proteins Catalyzes knowledge discovery in both basic epigenetic biology and epigenetic targets for drug discovery Provides guidance in research methods and protocols, as well how to employ data from consortia, single cell analysis, and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

Author : Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella,Jean de Vellis,J. Regino Perez-Polo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1990-07-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015018477763

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Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System by Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella,Jean de Vellis,J. Regino Perez-Polo Pdf

Offers an up-to-date account of the latest research findings concerned with the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in neuronal and glial cells under different conditions. The book explores the cellular and neurobiological aspects of important phenomena of the nervous system and its role in health, disease and injury. Contributions from prominent scientists in the field address a variety of specific topics concerned with gene expression in the nervous system--from growth, hormonal and trophic factors to neural tissue reactions in injury or aging.

Author : Vinood B. Patel,Victor R. Preedy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319555294

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics by Vinood B. Patel,Victor R. Preedy Pdf

This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.

Author : Carsten Carlberg,Ferdinand Molnár
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030229078

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Human Epigenetics: How Science Works by Carsten Carlberg,Ferdinand Molnár Pdf

The view “It’s all in our genes and we cannot change it” developed in the past 150 years since Gregor Mendel’s experiments with flowering pea plants. However, there is a special form of genetics, referred to as epigenetics, which does not involve any change of our genes but regulates how and when they are used. In the cell nucleus our genes are packed into chromatin, which is a complex of histone proteins and genomic DNA, representing the molecular basis of epigenetics. Our environment and lifestyle decisions influence the epigenetics of our cells and organs, i.e. epigenetics changes dynamically throughout our whole life. Thus, we have the chance to change our epigenetics in a positive as well as negative way and present the onset of diseases, such a type 2 diabetes or cancer. This textbook provides a molecular explanation how our genome is connected with environmental signals. It outlines that epigenetic programming is a learning process that results in epigenetic memory in each of the cells of our body. The central importance of epigenetics during embryogenesis and cellular differentiation as well as in the process of aging and the risk for the development of cancer are discussed. Moreover, the role of the epigenome as a molecular storage of cellular events not only in the brain but also in metabolic organs and in the immune system is described. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Human Epigenomics” (ISBN 978-981-10-7614-8). The first five chapters explain the molecular basis of epigenetics, while the following seven chapters provide examples for the impact of epigenetics in human health and disease.