Dynamics Of Learning In Neanderthals And Modern Humans Volume 1

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Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1

Takeru Akazawa,Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Kenichi Aoki
Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1 Book PDF

Author : Takeru Akazawa,Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Kenichi Aoki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431545118

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Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1 by Takeru Akazawa,Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Kenichi Aoki Pdf

This volume presents the first of two proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. Focussing on a highly innovative working hypothesis called the ‘learning hypothesis’, which attempts to explain the replacement as a result of differences in the learning abilities of these two hominid populations, the conference served as the latest multidisciplinary discussion forum on this intriguing Palaeoanthropological issue. The present volume reports on outcomes of the conference in three major sections. Part 1 provides an archaeological overview of the processes of replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans. Part 2 consists of archaeological and ethnographic case studies exploring evidence of learning behaviours in prehistoric and modern hunter-gatherer societies. Part 3 presents a collection of papers that directly contributes to the definition, validation and testing of the learning hypothesis in terms of population biology and evolutionary theory. A total of 18 papers in this volume make available to readers unique cultural perspectives on mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and suggested relationships between these mechanisms and different learning strategies.

Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2

Takeru Akazawa,Naomichi Ogihara,Hiroki C Tanabe,Hideaki Terashima
Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2 Book PDF

Author : Takeru Akazawa,Naomichi Ogihara,Hiroki C Tanabe,Hideaki Terashima
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431545538

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Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2 by Takeru Akazawa,Naomichi Ogihara,Hiroki C Tanabe,Hideaki Terashima Pdf

This volume is the second of two volumes of proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. This second volume reports, in four major sections, findings by cultural anthropologists, physical anthropologists, engineering scientists and neurophysiologists, integrated in multidisciplinary fashion to solidify the overall understanding of the mechanics of replacement from cognitive and physical perspectives. Part 1 provides examinations of replacement related questions from various perspectives in cognition and psychology. Part 2, consisting of studies rooted in body science and genetics, provides detailed findings which fill in the broader frame of the replacement phenomenon. Part 3 presents a collection of papers whose findings about fossil crania and brain morphology shed direct light on immediate questions regarding replacement. Part 4 provides illuminations similar to those in part 3, but arising from the analytical empowerment afforded by neuroscience. The collection of 26 papers in this volume makes available to readers both broad and narrow insights on the mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and at the same time provides a model of new-paradigm multidisciplinary collaboration on a complex problem.

Learning Among Neanderthals and Palaeolithic Modern Humans

Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Olaf Jöris
Learning Among Neanderthals and Palaeolithic Modern Humans Book PDF

Author : Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Olaf Jöris
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811389801

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Learning Among Neanderthals and Palaeolithic Modern Humans by Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Olaf Jöris Pdf

This book is based on the research performed for the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Project. The central issue of the project is the investigation of possible differences between the two populations in cognitive ability for learning. The project aims to evaluate a unique working hypothesis, coined as the learning hypothesis, which postulates that differences in learning eventually resulted in the replacement of those populations. The book deals with relevant archaeological records to understand the learning behaviours of Neanderthals and modern humans. Learning behaviours are conditioned by numerous factors including not only cognitive ability but also cultural traditions, social structure, population size, and life history. The book addresses the issues in two parts, comparing learning behaviours in terms of cognitive ability and social environments, respectively. Collectively, it provides new insights into the behavioural characteristics of Neanderthals and modern humans from a previously overlooked perspective. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of understanding learning in prehistory, the driving force for any development of culture and technology among human society.

Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers

Hideaki Terashima,Barry S. Hewlett
Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter Gatherers Book PDF

Author : Hideaki Terashima,Barry S. Hewlett
Publisher : Springer
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431559979

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Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers by Hideaki Terashima,Barry S. Hewlett Pdf

This is the first book to examine social learning and innovation in hunter–gatherers from around the world. More is known about social learning in chimpanzees and nonhuman primates than is known about social learning in hunter–gatherers, a way of life that characterized most of human history. The book describes diverse patterns of learning and teaching behaviors in contemporary hunter–gatherers from the perspectives of cultural anthropology, ecological anthropology, biological anthropology, and developmental psychology. The book addresses several theoretical issues including the learning hypothesis which suggests that the fate of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals in the last glacial period might have been due to the differences in learning ability. It has been unequivocally claimed that social learning is intrinsically important for human beings; however, the characteristics of human learning remain under a dense fog despite innumerable studies with children from urban–industrial cultures. Controversy continues on problems such as: do hunter–gatherers teach? If so, what types of teaching occur, who does it, how often, under what contexts, and so on. The book explores the most basic and intrinsic aspects of social learning as well as the foundation of innovative activities in everyday activities of contemporary hunter–gatherer people across the earth. The book examines how hunter-gatherer core values, such as gender and age egalitarianism and extensive sharing of food and childcare are transmitted and acquired by children. Chapters are grouped into five sections: 1) theoretical perspectives of learning in hunter–gatherers, 2) modes and processes of social learning in hunter–gatherers, 3) innovation and cumulative culture, 4) play and other cultural contexts of social learning and innovation, 5) biological contexts of learning and innovation. Ideas and concepts based on the data gathered through an intensive fieldwork by the authors will give much insight into the mechanisms and meanings of learning and education in modern humans.

Learning Strategies and Cultural Evolution during the Palaeolithic

Alex Mesoudi,Kenichi Aoki
Learning Strategies and Cultural Evolution during the Palaeolithic Book PDF

Author : Alex Mesoudi,Kenichi Aoki
Publisher : Springer
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431553632

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Learning Strategies and Cultural Evolution during the Palaeolithic by Alex Mesoudi,Kenichi Aoki Pdf

This volume is motivated by the desire to explain why Neanderthals were replaced by modern humans, in terms of cultural differences between the two (sub-) species. It provides up-to-date coverage on the theory of cultural evolution as is being used by anthropologists, archaeologists, biologists and psychologists to decipher hominin cultural change and diversity during the Palaeolithic. The contributing authors are directly involved in this effort and the material presented includes novel approaches and findings. Chapters explain how learning strategies in combination with social and demographic factors (e.g., population size and mobility patterns) predict cultural evolution in a world without the printing press, television or the Internet. Also addressed is the inverse problem of how learning strategies may be inferred from actual trajectories of cultural change, for example as seen in the North American Palaeolithic. Mathematics and statistics, a sometimes necessary part of theory, are explained in elementary terms where they appear, with details relegated to appendices. Full citations of the relevant literature will help the reader to further pursue any topic of interest.

Middle and Upper Paleolithic Sites in the Eastern Hemisphere

Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Yasuhisa Kondo
Middle and Upper Paleolithic Sites in the Eastern Hemisphere Book PDF

Author : Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Yasuhisa Kondo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789819937127

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Middle and Upper Paleolithic Sites in the Eastern Hemisphere by Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Yasuhisa Kondo Pdf

This book provides an overview of the archaeological sites and cultural assemblages in the world and presents an archaeological database that has been established through two large-scale research projects conducted between 2010 and 2022. The projects were Replacement of the Neanderthals by Modern Humans (2010–2015) and The Cultural History of PaleoAsia (2016–2022), both of which were carried out with the aid of the Japanese Government. They deal with multi-disciplinary studies of the demise of more archaic hominins and the survival of anatomically modern humans. Although the database is designated PaleoAsiaDB, which may imply a focus on Asia, it incorporates the dataset collected from Africa and Europe by the Replacement of the Neanderthals by Modern Humans project. PaleoAsiaDB provides a list of more than 3,300 sites and 7,600 cultural assemblages of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic (Middle and Late Stone Age) of the Eastern Hemisphere as of 2020. This database is the first attempt of its kind to document the related sites of 200-20ka. The full version of the database is available at the University Museum on the University of Tokyo homepage.

Updating Neanderthals

Francesca Romagnoli,Florent Rivals,Stefano Benazzi
Updating Neanderthals Book PDF

Author : Francesca Romagnoli,Florent Rivals,Stefano Benazzi
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128214299

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Updating Neanderthals by Francesca Romagnoli,Florent Rivals,Stefano Benazzi Pdf

Updating Neanderthals: Understanding Behavioral Complexity in the Late Middle Paleolithic provides comprehensive knowledge on Neanderthals who lived throughout the European and Asian continents. The book synthesizes historical information about the study of Middle Paleolithic populations and presents current debates about their genetics, subsistence, technology, social and cognitive behaviors. It focuses on the last phase of Neanderthal settlements and presents the main patterns of modern humans across Europe. Written by international experts on the Middle Paleolithic who have conducted innovative studies in the last three decades, this book explores the implications of interactions between different human species, including Neanderthals, Denisovans and Sapiens. In addition, the book discusses the diversity and variability of human adaptations and behaviors in the changing climate and environment of the Late Pleistocene, and the relationship between these behaviors, demography and cognitive capabilities. Offers a comprehensive update on the variability and diversity of Neanderthal behaviors during the Late Pleistocene Presents an interdisciplinary reconstruction of Neanderthals by assessing archaeology, paleontology, paleoecology, anthropology, genetics and cognition Reviews the reliability of archaeological data and the theoretical and methodological advances of the last 30 years Discusses the most debated Neanderthal themes, such as demography, diet, socio-economy and art

Growing Up in the Ice Age

April Nowell
Growing Up in the Ice Age Book PDF

Author : April Nowell
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789252972

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Growing Up in the Ice Age by April Nowell Pdf

It is estimated that in prehistoric societies children comprised at least forty to sixty-five percent of the population, yet by default, our ancestral landscapes are peopled by adults who hunt, gather, fish, knap tools and make art. But these adults were also parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles (however they would have codified these kin relationships) who had to make space physically, emotionally, intellectually, and cognitively for the infants, children and adolescents around them. The economic, social, and political roles of Paleolithic children are often understudied because they are assumed to be unknowable or negligible. Drawing on the most recent data from the cognitive sciences and from the ethnographic, fossil, archaeological, and primate records, Growing Up in the Ice Age challenges these assumptions. This volume is a timely and evidence-based look at the lived lives of Paleolithic children and the communities of which they were a part. By rendering the “invisible” children visible, readers will gain a new understanding not only of the contributions that children have made to the biological and cultural entities we are today but also of the Paleolithic period as whole.

The Diversity of Hunter Gatherer Pasts

Bill Finlayson,Graeme Warren
The Diversity of Hunter Gatherer Pasts Book PDF

Author : Bill Finlayson,Graeme Warren
Publisher : Oxbow Books Limited
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781785705892

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The Diversity of Hunter Gatherer Pasts by Bill Finlayson,Graeme Warren Pdf

This thought provoking collection of new research papers explores the extent of variation amongst hunting and gathering peoples past and present and the considerable analytical challenges presented by this diversity. This problem is especially important in archaeology, where increasing empirical evidence illustrates ways of life that are not easily encompassed within the range of variation recognised in the contemporary world of surviving hunter-gatherers. Put simply, how do past hunter-gatherers fit into our understandings of hunter-gatherers? Furthermore, given the inevitable archaeological reliance on analogy, it is important to ask whether conceptions of hunter-gatherers based on contemporary societies restrict our comprehension of past diversity and of how this changes over the long term. Discussion of hunter-gatherers shows them to be varied and flexible, but modelling of contemporary hunter-gatherers has not only reduced them into essential categories, but has also portrayed them as static and without history.It is often said that the study of hunter-gatherers can provide insight into past forms of social organisation and behaviour; unfortunately too often it has limited our understandings of these societies. In contrast, contributors here explore past hunter-gather diversity over time and space to provide critical perspectives on general models of ‘hunter-gatherers’ and attempt to provide new perspectives on hunter-gatherer societies from the greater diversity present in the past.

The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology

Todd K. Shackelford
The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology Book PDF

Author : Todd K. Shackelford
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 2222 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781529737448

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The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology by Todd K. Shackelford Pdf

Evolutionary psychology is an important and rapidly expanding area in the life, social, and behavioral sciences, and this Handbook represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference text in the field today. Over three volumes, the Handbook provides a rich overview of the most important theoretical and empirical work in the field. Chapters cover a broad range of topics, including theoretical foundations, the integration of evolutionary psychology with other life, social, and behavioral sciences, as well as with the arts and the humanities, and the increasing power of evolutionary psychology to inform applied fields, including medicine, psychiatry, law, and education. Each of the volumes has been carefully curated to have a strong thematic focus, covering: - The foundations of evolutionary psychology; - The integration of evolutionary psychology with other disciplines, and; - The applications of evolutionary psychology. The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students in all areas of psychology, and in related disciplines across the life, social, and behavioral sciences.

Quaternary of the Levant

Yehouda Enzel,Ofer Bar-Yosef
Quaternary of the Levant Book PDF

Author : Yehouda Enzel,Ofer Bar-Yosef
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 789 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107090460

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Quaternary of the Levant by Yehouda Enzel,Ofer Bar-Yosef Pdf

Over eighty contributions from leading researchers review 2.5 million years of environmental change and human cultural evolution in the Levant.

On Human Nature

Michel Tibayrenc,Francisco J. Ayala
On Human Nature Book PDF

Author : Michel Tibayrenc,Francisco J. Ayala
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 814 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780127999159

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On Human Nature by Michel Tibayrenc,Francisco J. Ayala Pdf

On Human Nature: Biology, Psychology, Ethics, Politics, and Religion covers the present state of knowledge on human diversity and its adaptative significance through a broad and eclectic selection of representative chapters. This transdisciplinary work brings together specialists from various fields who rarely interact, including geneticists, evolutionists, physicians, ethologists, psychoanalysts, anthropologists, sociologists, theologians, historians, linguists, and philosophers. Genomic diversity is covered in several chapters dealing with biology, including the differences in men and apes and the genetic diversity of mankind. Top specialists, known for their open mind and broad knowledge have been carefully selected to cover each topic. The book is therefore at the crossroads between biology and human sciences, going beyond classical science in the Popperian sense. The book is accessible not only to specialists, but also to students, professors, and the educated public. Glossaries of specialized terms and general public references help nonspecialists understand complex notions, with contributions avoiding technical jargon. Provides greater understanding of diversity and population structure and history, with crucial foundational knowledge needed to conduct research in a variety of fields, such as genetics and disease Includes three robust sections on biological, psychological, and ethical aspects, with cross-fertilization and reciprocal references between the three sections Contains contributions by leading experts in their respective fields working under the guidance of internationally recognized and highly respected editors

Crossing the Human Threshold

Matt Pope,John McNabb,Clive Gamble
Crossing the Human Threshold Book PDF

Author : Matt Pope,John McNabb,Clive Gamble
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315439303

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Crossing the Human Threshold by Matt Pope,John McNabb,Clive Gamble Pdf

When was the human threshold crossed? What is the evidence for evolving humans and their emerging humanity? This volume explores in a global overview the archaeology of the Middle Pleistocene, 800,000 to 130,000 years ago when evidence for innovative cultural behaviour appeared. The evidence shows that the threshold was crossed slowly, by a variety of human ancestors, and was not confined to one part of the Old World. Crossing the Human Threshold examines the changing evidence during this period for the use of place, landscape and technology. It focuses on the emergence of persistent places, and associated developments in tool use, hunting strategies and the control of fire, represented across the Old World by deeply stratified cave sites. These include the most important sites for the archaeology of human origins in the Levant, South Africa, Asia and Europe, presented here as evidence for innovation in landscape-thinking during the Middle Pleistocene. The volume also examines persistence at open locales through a cutting-edge review of the archaeology of Northern France and England. Crossing the Human Threshold is for the worldwide community of students and researchers studying early hominins and human evolution. It presents new archaeological data. It frames the evidence within current debates to understand the differences and similarities between ourselves and our ancient ancestors.

Learning Without Lessons

David F. Lancy
Learning Without Lessons Book PDF

Author : David F. Lancy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780197645604

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Learning Without Lessons by David F. Lancy Pdf

In Learning Without Lessons, David F. Lancy fills a rather large gap in the field of child development and education. Drawing on focused, empirical studies in cultural psychology, ethnographic accounts of childhood, and insights from archaeological studies, Lancy offers the first attempt to review the principles and practices for fostering learning in children that are found in small-scale, pre-industrial communities across the globe and through history. His analysis yields a consistent and coherent "pedagogy" that can be contrasted sharply with the taken-for-granted pedagogy found in the West. The practices that are rare or absent from indigenous pedagogy include teachers, classrooms, lessons, verbal instruction, testing, grading, praise, and the use of symbols. Instead, field studies document the prevalence of self-guided learners who rely on observation, listening, learning in play from peers the hands-on use of real tools and, learning through voluntary participation in everyday activities such as foraging. Aiming to reverse the customary relation between western and non-Western theories or ideas about child learning and development, this book concludes that the pedagogy found in communities before the advent of schooling differs in very significant ways from that practiced in schools and in the homes of schooled parents.

Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology

Anonim
Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1329 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2024-03-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780192649317

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Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology by Anonim Pdf

Cognitive Archaeology is a relatively young though fast growing discipline. The intellectual heart of cognitive archaeology is archaeology, the discipline that investigates the only direct evidence of the actions and decisions of prehistoric people. Its theories and methods are an eclectic mix of psychological, neuroscientific, paleoneurological, philosophical, anthropological, ethnographic, comparative, aesthetic, and experimental theories, methods, and models, united only by their focus on cognition. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology is a landmark publication, showcasing the theories, methods, and accomplishments of archaeologists who investigate the human mind, including its evolutionary development, its ideation (thoughts and beliefs), and its very nature-through material forms. The volume encompasses the wide spectrum of the discipline, showcasing contributions from more than 50 established and emerging scholars from Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Prominent among these are contributions that discuss the epistemological frameworks of both the evolutionary and ideational approaches and the leading theories that ground interpretations. Significantly, the majority of chapters deliver substantive contributions that analyze specific examples of material culture, from the oldest known stone tools to ceramic and rock art traditions of the recent millennium. These examples include the gamut of methods and techniques, including typology, replication studies, cha?nes operatoires, neuroarchaeology, ethnographic comparison, and the direct historical approach. In addition, the book begins with retrospective essays by several of the pioneers of cognitive archaeology, presenting a broad range of state-of-the-art investigations into cognitive abilities, tackling thorny issues like the cognitive status of Neandertals, and concluding with speculative essays about the future of an archaeology of mind, and of the mind itself.