Economic Growth With Equity

Author : Martin Neil Baily,Gary Burtless,Robert E. Litan
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780815716310

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Growth with Equity by Martin Neil Baily,Gary Burtless,Robert E. Litan Pdf

For nearly two decades the U.S. economy has been plagued by two disturbing economic trends: the slowdown in the growth rates of productivity and average real wages and the increase in wage and income inequality. The federal budget is in chronic deficit. Imports have far exceeded exports for more than a decade. American competitiveness has been a source of concern for even longer. Many Americans worry that foreigners are buying up U.S. companies, that the economy is losing its manufacturing base, and that the gap between rich and poor is widening. In this book three of the nation's most noted economists look at the primary reasons for these trends and assess which of the many suggestions for change in policy—whether for increased tax incentives for investment, education reform, or accelerated research and development—are likely to work and which may not work and could even hinder economic development. The author's discuss a variety of issues connected with deindustrialization and diminished competitiveness, distinguishing between problems that would be of real concern and those that should not. They evaluate explanations for slow growth in aggregate productivity in the United States and its relation to slower growth in other industrialized countries. They discuss the performance of the various sectors of the U.S. economy and systematically examine the evidence for and against the major proposals for correcting the adverse trends in productivity and inequity. Growth With Equity clearly explains how the country can accomplish the challenge of accelerating growth and narrowing the gap that separates the rich from the poor. While recognizing that some of their recommendations may be politically painful, the authors stress the importance of adopting a purposeful, long-range policy to encourage growth, ensure equity, and reduce the government's equity.

Author : Barry Bluestone,Bennett Harrison
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2001-05-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520230705

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Growing Prosperity by Barry Bluestone,Bennett Harrison Pdf

"Growing Prosperity could well be as important in shaping our future as Keynes' General Theory. . . . A work as meticulous as it is powerful, as promising as it is persuasive."—Robert Heilbroner, author of The Worldly Philosophers "Bluestone and Harrison have alerted us to the key issue confronting America: how to achieve growth with equity. This country needs a powerful dialogue on how to continue growth while deepening its benefits to all Americans. This is the blueprint for the terms of that debate."—U.S. Representative Richard Gephardt

Author : Michael Bruno,Martin Ravallion,Lyn Squire
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Crecimiento - Paises en desarrollo
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Equity and Growth in Developing Countries by Michael Bruno,Martin Ravallion,Lyn Squire Pdf

Author : Ravi Kanbur,Michael Spence
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821381814

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Equity and Growth in a Globalizing World by Ravi Kanbur,Michael Spence Pdf

Prepared by the Commission on Growth and Development, this volume brings together and evaluates the state of knowledge on the relationship between poverty, equity, and globalization.

Author : José Luis Machinea
Publisher : Springer
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2006-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230800915

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Economic Growth with Equity by José Luis Machinea Pdf

This book analyses the development challenge faced by Latin America at a time at which the concerns for the large inequality in the region are at a peak. This volume focuses on growth-with-equity, and is written by an outstanding group of Latin American and international researchers and policy-makers.

Author : Irma Adelman,Cynthia Taft Morris
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0804708886

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Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries by Irma Adelman,Cynthia Taft Morris Pdf

Exposes the failure of conventional development programs to increase the living standards and political participation of the poor in seventy-four countries

Author : Deepak Lal,H. Myint
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 477 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1998-10-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198294320

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The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: A Comparative Study by Deepak Lal,H. Myint Pdf

This wide-ranging and innovative book synthesises the findings of a major international study of the political economy of poverty, equity, and growth. It is based primarily on analytical economic histories of 21 developing countries from 1950 to 1985, but also takes account of the wider literature on the subject. The authors take an ambitious interdisciplinary approach to identify patterns in the interplay of initial conditions, instiuttions, interests, and ideas which can help toexplain the different growth and poverty alleviation outcomes in the Third World.Three different types of poverty are distinguished, based on their causes, and a more nebulous idea of equityin contrast to egalitarianismis shown to have influenced policy. Since growth is found to be the major means of alleviating mass structural poverty, much of the book is concerned with discovering explanations for policies which are found to be the most important influences on the proximate causes of growth. Lal and Mynt also consider the available evidence on the role of directtransferspublic and privatein alleviating destitution and conjunctural poverty.The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity, and Growth develops a novel framework for the comparative analysis of different growth outcomes. This framework distinguishes between the different relative factor endowments of land, labour, and capital, and between the different organizational structures of pesent versus plantation and mining economies. It also differentiates between the polities of 'autonomous' and 'factional' states in the countries studied, breaking the analysis down intofurther typological subdivisions and providing important new insights into the differing behaviour of economies that are rich in natural resources and those with abundant labour. These insights constitute a richer explanation for the divergent developmental outcomes in East Asia compared with Latin Americaand Africa.The evidence collated is used to argue for the continuing relevance of the classical liberal viewpoint on public policies for development, and to show why, even so, nationalist ideologies are likely to be adopted and lead to cycles of interventionism and liberalism. The evidence is also used to provide an explanation for the surprising current worldwide Age of Reform.

Author : K. J. Langford,Christine L. Forster,Duncan M. Malcolm
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821344048

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Economic Growth with Equity by K. J. Langford,Christine L. Forster,Duncan M. Malcolm Pdf

Latin America and the Caribbean Region Viewpoints Many articles have been written about the causes of financial crises in emerging market... ... Much less attention has been devoted to the effectiveness of alternative policy responses and the ensuing process of recovery of the real economy... This paper analyzes the adjustment process in the aftermath of speculative attacks in six countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand. As implied by the title, the main question to be addressed is whether the tales of adjustment in these Latin American and Asian economies were similar. This comparison is interesting for several reasons. The six countries came under the aegis of adjustment programs supported by international financial institutions, and the associated policy prescriptions have been at the center of attention. Of the six cases, one is an example of a successful defense of the currency, while another exemplifies a temporarily successful defense followed by an incomplete adjustment program. The others experienced dramatic currency devaluations. This small sample of episodes of adjustment also offers variety in the magnitude of the ensuing economic decline. While the Mexican and Argentine crises of 1995, and even the Brazilian adjustment after the October 1997 attack against its currency, were certainly costly, the Asian crises have been deeper and the recovery of the real economy has been slower. The paper draws policy implications for reducing the costs of the macroeconomic adjustment after currency crises. Also available: English edition. 1999. 52 pages. Stock no. 14541 (ISBN 0-8213-4541-9).

Author : Kevin Watkins
Publisher : Oxfam Pub
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : East Asia
ISBN : UCSD:31822026116277

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Economic Growth with Equity by Kevin Watkins Pdf

Kevin Watkins analyses the manner in which the economies of East Asia have attained high economic growth rates and managed to share the prosperity widely. A caveat is included as some groups have been excluded from these benefits on ethnic grounds.

Author : Mr.Ke-young Chu,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Vito Tanzi
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1999-05-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557757887

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Economic Policy and Equity by Mr.Ke-young Chu,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Vito Tanzi Pdf

This book brings together the views not only of policymakers and academics but also of religious leaders and labor leaders from around the world- including the 1998 Nobel Laureate in Economics, Amartya Sen - who participated in an IMF conference on this topic. Contributors discuss the causes of growing inequality and the complex question of how to use policy to make economic systems more equitable under five headings: perspectives on economic policy and equity, globalization and equitable growth, country experiences in equity-oriented policymaking, design and implementation of policy, and a roundtable discussion on lessons for countries and the IMF. Edited by Vito Tanzi, director of the Fiscal Affairs Department of the IMF; Ke-young Chu, a senior advisor; and Sanjeev Gupta, a division chief in the department.

Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:913715536

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Equity and Growth in Developing Countries: Old and New Perspectives on the Policy Issues by Martin Ravallion Pdf

January 1996 There is no intrinsic tradeoff between long-run aggregate economic growth and overall equity. Policies aimed at helping the poor accumulate productive assets -- especially policies to improve schooling, health, and nutrition -- when adopted in a relatively nondistorted framework, are important instruments for achieving higher growth. The stylized fact that distribution must get worse with economic growth in poor countries before it can get better turns out not to be a fact at all. Growth's effects on inequality can go either way and are contingent on several other factors. Bruno, Ravallion, and Squire found no sign in the new cross-country data they assembled that growth has any systematic impact on inequality. Possibly measurement errors confound the true relationship, but they think it more likely that the relationship between growth and distribution is not as simple as some theories have held. Since distribution does not worsen, growth reduces absolute poverty. Indeed, absolute poverty measures typically respond quite elastically to growth, and the benefits are certainly not confined to those near typical poverty lines. Of course, one cannot say that growth always benefits the poor or that none of the poor lose from pro-growth policy reform Only aggregate effects are studied. But for 17 of the 20 countries for which they assemble quite good data (from at least two surveys since the mid-1980s), the mean and the proportion of people living below $1 a day moved in opposite directions. The gains to poor people from a distribution-neutral growth process will tend to be lower, the higher the extent of initial inequality. A smaller share of total income must imply a smaller absolute gain from a given increment to total income. Compensatory direct interventions can be important, provided they are integrated into a framework of fiscal and monetary discipline. The evidence does not suggest that growth is always distribution-neutral, and it would be wrong to conclude that changes in distribution are of little consequence. The point is not that distribution is irrelevant or that it never changes, but that its changes are roughly uncorrelated with economic growth. There is no intrinsic tradeoff between long-run aggregate efficiency and overall equity. Policies aimed athelping the poor accumulate productive assets -- especially policies to improve schooling, health, and nutrition -- when adopted in a relatively nondistorted framework, are important instruments for achieving higher growth. This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, and the Poverty and Human Resources Division and Office of the Director, Policy Research Department -- was prepared for the IMF Conference on Income Distribution and Sustainable Growth, June 1 - 2, 1995.

Author : Vito Tanzi,Ke-young Chu
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262201097

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Income Distribution and High-quality Growth by Vito Tanzi,Ke-young Chu Pdf

The contributors argue that there need not be a trade-off between growth and equity in the long run. However, attempts by government to influence income distribution through large-scale tax and transfer programs can have a negative impact on growth. The contrast is vivid. While the majority of people in the industrial world and some in the developing world enjoy unprecedented affluence, a far greater number of people in the low-income countries live in abject poverty. Although several developing countries are achieving rapid economic growth and poverty reduction, most formerly centrally planned countries are struggling to implement market-oriented reforms in the midst of economic deterioration and rising poverty. The paramount importance of reducing poverty worldwide is forcing economists and policymakers to look at how income distribution and economic growth interact. The essays in this volume grew out of a 1995 conference sponsored by the International Monetary Fund. The contributors are scholars and policymakers from academic institutions, governments, and international organizations. The questions discussed include: How does income distribution interact with economic growth in the short run and the long run? To what extent can government use transfer programs to increase the incomes of the poor? How can government use social programs to help the poor increase their income-earning capacity? Does distributional inequality create an obstacle to long-term poverty reduction? Alternatively, is distributional inequality a necessary means of achieving economic growth? Generally, the contributors agree that there need not be a trade-off between growth and equity in the long run. However, attempts by government to influence income distribution through large-scale tax and transfer programs can have a negative impact on growth.

Author : Santiago Levy,Michael Walton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821377680

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No Growth Without Equity? by Santiago Levy,Michael Walton Pdf

This work examines the relationship between equity and growth in Mexico. It looks at how specific inequalities in power, wealth and status have created and sustained economic institutions and policies that both tend to perpetuate these inequalities and are sources of inefficiences in the economy.

Author : Francisco H. G. Ferreira,Michael Walton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821362501

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World Development Report 2006 by Francisco H. G. Ferreira,Michael Walton Pdf

Inequality of opportunity, both within and among nations, sustains extreme deprivation, results in wasted human potential and often weakens prospects for overall prosperity and economic growth, concludes the 2006 World Development Report. To correct this situation and reduce poverty more effectively, Equity and Development recommends ensuring more equitable access by the poor to health care, education, jobs, capital, and secure land rights, among others. It also calls for greater equality of access to political freedoms and political power, breaking down stereotyping and discrimination, and improving access by the poor to justice systems and infrastructure. To level the playing field among countries, and thereby reduce global inequities that hurt the poor in developing countries, the report calls for removal of trade barriers in rich countries, flexibility to allow greater in-migration of lower-skilled people from developing countries, and increased -- and more effective -- development assistance.

Author : Ampah G. Johnson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429709777

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Growth, Equity, And Self-reliance by Ampah G. Johnson Pdf

This book explores what is, for many African countries, a new and controversial policy of relying on private actors rather than on government organizations to foster economic growth and development. The contributors explore key issues such as the impact of private enterprise on the development process, small- and medium-sized businesses as a vehicle for growth, and strategies for the expansion of markets and trade. The contributors analyze the historical, social, cultural, and economic obstacles to the development of private enterprise in Africa; the roles of government, women, and business organizations; access to capital and the function of financial institutions; private initiative and agriculture; the use of skilled and semi-skilled labor; and technology transfer. Arguing that private sector forces are crucial to African socioeconomic development, the contributors recommend economic policy reform, establishment of more private enterprises, and encouragement of new domestic and foreign investment.