Economics Of Aids And Access To Hiv Aids Care In Developing Countries

Author : Jean-Paul Moatti
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 291014321X

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Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV-AIDS Care in Developing Countries by Jean-Paul Moatti Pdf

This book collects studies performed mainly with the support of the Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida (French French National Agency of Research against AIDS). The purpose is to analyse the conditions to improve access to drugs against AIDS in developing countries, to urge on international agencies determinedly support patients treatment. The first part deals with the market of antiretrovirals and patents : How the prices drop taked place in 1998-2002, what were the debates about Intellectual Property Rights and WTO, what happened in countries as Brazil and Thailand? The second part deals with the impact of AIDS epidemic in the developing world and the role of therapeutic strategies to lower this impact. The book backs up the argument that the impact has been undersestimated and theses strategies are feasible.

Author : Benjamin Coriat
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781848444898

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The Political Economy of HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries by Benjamin Coriat Pdf

The issue of universal and free access to treatment is now a fundamental goal of the international community. Based on original data and field studies from Brazil, Thailand, India and Sub-Saharan Africa under the aegis of ANRS (the French nationalagency for research on Aids and viral hepatitis, this timely and significant book both assesses the progress made in achieving this objective and presents a rigorous diagnosis of the obstacles that remain. Placing particular emphasis on the constraints imposed by TRIPS as well as the poor state of most public health systems in Southern countries, the contributing authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the huge barriers that have yet to be overcome in order to attain free access to care and offer innovative suggestions of how they might be confronted. In doing this, the book renews our understanding of the political economy of HIV/AIDS in these vast regions, where the disease continues to spread with devastating social and economic consequences. This volume will be a valuable addition to the current literature on HIV/AIDS in developing countries and will find widespread appeal amongst students and academics studying economics, sociology and public health. It will also be of interest to international organizations and professional associations involved in the fight against pandemics.

Author : Bradly J. Condon,Tapen Sinha
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783540783923

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Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic by Bradly J. Condon,Tapen Sinha Pdf

We began to research for this book in 2000, with the idea that we might contribute to the search for solutions to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic by c- bining perspectives from different disciplines. Much has happened in the interv- ing years. First, the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa – and the threat it posed for many others regions of the world – led to a movement among several countries to correct the imbalance between producers and users of ph- maceutical products. This effort produced a clarification of the right of gove- ments to produce generic medicine under compulsory licenses and an amendment of the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS Agreement to allow exports of generic medicines from one WTO Member to another. In 2007, the amended rules were put into practice, with Canada authorizing the export of generic antiretroviral drugs to Rwanda. However, at the same time, global patent laws have been undermined due to regulatory capture, most notably in free trade agreements and through political pressure on countries like Thailand to not to exercise their right to issue compulsory licenses for pharmaceutical products. Second, the amount of money available for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS has increased dramatically, with the establishment of the World Bank Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for Africa (MAP), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), among other funding initiatives.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821367568

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The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment by Anonim Pdf

HIV is the leading cause of premature death in Thailand. Since the first case of AIDS was reported in 1984 more than one million Thais have been infected. The social, human and economic costs of this burden are enormous. The Thai government has shown a strong commitment to providing care and support to persons living with HIV/AIDS by launching the National Access to Care Program (NAPHA) in 2003, which provides for publicly financed antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected people. This book documents through interviews how ART has radically changed the lives of those living with HIV. In the words of an HIV positive 29-year old man, ART is a "miracle." The book then develops an innovative analytical framework and uses it to show how the future sustainability and cost-effectiveness of this ambitious program depend critically on Thai government choices of AIDS treatment policy, HIV prevention policy and AIDS drug pricing. For the most likely assumptions, the book estimates that ART will save years of healthy life at a cost of between $700 and $2,400 per year. Successful AIDS treatment accumulates ever-increasing numbers of patients who need subsidized ART. Despite the magnitude of the resulting fiscal burden, the authors judge this expenditure to be a worthwhile public health investment for Thailand, However, they show that the future sustainability of the program will hinge critically on how well the government manages the quality of ART service delivery, on whether it is able to sustain its past successes in HIV prevention and on its negotiations with multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers on the prices of new AIDS drugs.

Author : Markus Haacker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191084195

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The Economics of the Global Response to HIV/AIDS by Markus Haacker Pdf

The global response to HIV/AIDS has been a major aspect of global health and development policy over the last three decades. The book illustrates the devastating health impacts of the epidemic, with life expectancy in some countries falling to the lowest levels observed anywhere, and the remarkable success of the global HIV/AIDS response in reversing such extreme outcomes. Concerns about the implications of HIV/AIDS for economic development have played a role in motivating the global HIV/AIDS response. However, evidence on the impacts of HIV/AIDS on economic growth or poverty is weak, and the magnitude and relevance of such economic effects appears trivial compared to the consequences for life and health. Because of the success in extending access to treatment globally, HIV/AIDS has effectively transitioned into a chronic disease. This means that HIV/AIDS absorbs not only a substantial chunk of current global and national financial resources, but that these spending needs are projected to persist over decades. The costs of the HIV/AIDS response thus resemble a long-term financial liability, shaped by past and current policies. Relatedly, the calculus of cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions has changed. People who become infected with HIV can now expect to not die because of AIDS; at the same time, each HIV infection results in medical needs and expenditures extending over decades. The book presents a framework for integrating these financial consequences and the transmission dynamics of HIV in the analysis of cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions and in the design of HIV/AIDS programs.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195215915

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Confronting AIDS by World Bank Pdf

This revised and updated edition of the pathbreaking report on the global AIDS epidemic outlines the strategic role that government must play in slowing the spread of HIV and mitigating the impact of AIDS. Drawing on the knowledge accumulated in the 17 years since the virus that causes AIDS was first identified, the report highlights policies that are most likely to be effective in managing the epidemic. These include early actions to minimize the spread of the virus, aiming preventive interventions at high risk groups, and evaluating measures that would assist households affected by AIDS according to the same standards applied to other health issues. This revised edition will a valuable resource for public health, policymakers, researchers, and anyone with an interest in this devastating global health crisis.

Author : Unaids
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789291738076

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The Global Economic Crisis and HIV Prevention and Treatment Programmes by Unaids Pdf

The global economic crisis threatens recent gains in health and poverty reduction in developing countries. What is the effect of the crisis on HIV programmes, especially in high HIV prevalence countries? What are the possible consequences? What can be done to avoid negative impacts? Much is at risk: increased mortality and morbidity, unplanned interruptions or curtailed access to treatment, with increased risk of HIV transmission, higher future financial costs, increased burden on health systems and reversal of economic and social development gains.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2004-11-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822034304766

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The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This publication is a comprehensive resource for public policymakers addressing the economic and fiscal consequences of the crisis. It is intended to bridge the gap between studies focused on the epidemic's impact on specific sectors, such as health and education, on the one hand, and broad national analyses on the other. Topics include welfare issues and the effect of the epidemic on economic growth and investment; education and the accumulation of human capital; poverty and inequality; and public services, government finance, social security, and the health sector.--Publisher's description.

Author : Patrick Leoni
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 1607415879

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Economic Challenges in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS by Patrick Leoni Pdf

The fight against HIV/AIDS is, above all, an economic issue. The scale of the pandemic and the lack of funds needed to eradicate it require identifying key issues in field interventions and optimal economic policies to fund them. In developing countries, where the epidemic is reaching its peak, the magnitude of governmental and international interventions triggers major crowding-out effects on every other economic decision of those countries, and thus HIV/AIDS affects every aspect of social life. Economic policies alleviating crowding-out effects are thus paramount to foster the economic growth of developing countries and, in turn, their future welfare. Economic issues in the fight against HIV/AIDS are also a primary concern for developed countries, in charge not only of subsidising current treatment campaigns domestically but also of funding R&D in innovative treatments. Designing optimal incentives for public and private agencies to reduce the costs of available medicines, and to develop innovative treatments such as a therapeutic vaccine, is as important as drug delivery or any other field campaign to eventually eradicate the disease. Over two decades of practical implementation of economic policies and academic research have shown many pitfalls in current policies, and they have made it possible to identify previously missed issues. This book shall provide a recent and comprehensive coverage of those policies, and it shall analyse their economic efficiency as well as ways of improvement using state-of-the-art academic findings in Economics and Finance. The authors discuss in detail and provide new economic analyses on the following issues: The nation-wide and international economic consequences of the spread of the disease; Market incentives and disincentives to produce and to develop treatment technologies; The nature and optimality of economic policies devoted to fighting the disease in developing countries, as well as the enhancement of current policies through financial innovations.

Author : Marilyn Waring,Robert Carr
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781849290197

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Who Cares? by Marilyn Waring,Robert Carr Pdf

At the centre of the HIV/AIDS response are the 12 million people who need care and treatment. Yet their carers are often invisible to the system that relies on them. Focusing on the carer directs assistance where it is most effective and most needed, will respect human rights, and will help achieve the millennium development goals in health.

Author : Jeffrey Sachs,World Health Organization. Commission on Macroeconomics and Health,World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789241545501

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Macroeconomics and Health by Jeffrey Sachs,World Health Organization. Commission on Macroeconomics and Health,World Health Organization Pdf

Describes a strategy for investing in health for economic development, especially in the world's poorest countries. The report proposes a partnership of developing and developed countries, to save eight million lives yearly, in developing countries from infectious diseases and maternal conditions.

Author : Markus Haacker,Mariam Claeson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821378267

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HIV and AIDS in South Asia by Markus Haacker,Mariam Claeson Pdf

This book offers an original perspective on AIDS as a development issue in South Asia, a region with a heterogeneous epidemic and estimated national HIV prevalence rates of up to 0.5 percent. The analysis challenges the common perception of HIV and AIDS which has been shaped to a large extent by analysis of HIV and AIDS in other regions with much higher prevalence rates. Three risks to development are associated with HIV and AIDS in South Asia: the risk of escalation of concentrated epidemics, the economic welfare costs, and the fiscal costs of scaling up treatment.

Author : Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : UOM:39015056667010

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HIV/AIDS, Economics and Governance in South Africa by Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies (U.S.) Pdf

Author : Nana Poku
Publisher : Polity
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780745631592

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AIDS in Africa by Nana Poku Pdf

Across Africa, HIV/AIDS is slowly killing millions of people in the prime of their lives, weakening state structures, deepening poverty and reversing the gains in life expectancy achieved over the past century. Although many who study the dynamics of Africas AIDS crisis accept that, to some degree, its entrenchment is a socially produced phenomenon, few have examined how the course and intensity of the epidemic have been affected by the continents ubiquitous poverty, the impact of the pervasive structural adjustment programmes or Africas marginalization in the process of globalization until now. This book explores the socio-economic context of Africas vulnerability to HIV/AIDS as well as assessing the politics of domestic and global response. Using primary and secondary data, it charts the power relations driving Africas HIV/AIDS epidemic, frustrating the possibility of alleviation and recovery as well as working to relegate the continent to a bleak and vulnerable future. In this sense, the book marks a radical departure by providing a comprehensive analysis of Africas vulnerability to AIDS and the challenges confronting policy makers as they seek to reverse its escalating prevalence on the continent. AIDS in Africa is an immensely valuable introduction to the greatest pandemic facing the world today.

Author : Yichen Lu,Max Essex,Chris Chanyasulkit
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461445203

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HIV/AIDS Treatment in Resource Poor Countries by Yichen Lu,Max Essex,Chris Chanyasulkit Pdf

The book focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment strategies in resource-poor settings. Contributors include HIV/AIDS researchers and public health administrators from the US, Africa, China, and Thailand. Several chapters, written by local health officials, take a close look at AIDS prevention and treatment in China at the community level. Other chapters cover issues of treatment scale-up, drug resistance, and mother-to-child transmission in Southern Africa and Thailand, and offer lessons learned for researchers in other developing countries. Overall the aim of this book is to bring some of the latest issues to the fore, and to foster exchange and collaboration between AIDS researchers in developing countries. This book grew out of an annual conference held in China and organized by the Harvard School of Public Health, and could possibly become the first volume of a series.