The Economics Of Effective Aids Treatment

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The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment

Anonim
The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821367568

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The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment by Anonim Pdf

HIV is the leading cause of premature death in Thailand. Since the first case of AIDS was reported in 1984 more than one million Thais have been infected. The social, human and economic costs of this burden are enormous. The Thai government has shown a strong commitment to providing care and support to persons living with HIV/AIDS by launching the National Access to Care Program (NAPHA) in 2003, which provides for publicly financed antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected people. This book documents through interviews how ART has radically changed the lives of those living with HIV. In the words of an HIV positive 29-year old man, ART is a "miracle." The book then develops an innovative analytical framework and uses it to show how the future sustainability and cost-effectiveness of this ambitious program depend critically on Thai government choices of AIDS treatment policy, HIV prevention policy and AIDS drug pricing. For the most likely assumptions, the book estimates that ART will save years of healthy life at a cost of between $700 and $2,400 per year. Successful AIDS treatment accumulates ever-increasing numbers of patients who need subsidized ART. Despite the magnitude of the resulting fiscal burden, the authors judge this expenditure to be a worthwhile public health investment for Thailand, However, they show that the future sustainability of the program will hinge critically on how well the government manages the quality of ART service delivery, on whether it is able to sustain its past successes in HIV prevention and on its negotiations with multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers on the prices of new AIDS drugs.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 Book PDF

Author : King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805257

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by King K. Holmes,Stefano Bertozzi,Barry R. Bloom,Prabhat Jha Pdf

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV-AIDS Care in Developing Countries

Jean-Paul Moatti
Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV AIDS Care in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Jean-Paul Moatti
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 291014321X

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Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV-AIDS Care in Developing Countries by Jean-Paul Moatti Pdf

This book collects studies performed mainly with the support of the Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida (French French National Agency of Research against AIDS). The purpose is to analyse the conditions to improve access to drugs against AIDS in developing countries, to urge on international agencies determinedly support patients treatment. The first part deals with the market of antiretrovirals and patents : How the prices drop taked place in 1998-2002, what were the debates about Intellectual Property Rights and WTO, what happened in countries as Brazil and Thailand? The second part deals with the impact of AIDS epidemic in the developing world and the role of therapeutic strategies to lower this impact. The book backs up the argument that the impact has been undersestimated and theses strategies are feasible.

Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic

Bradly J. Condon,Tapen Sinha
Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic Book PDF

Author : Bradly J. Condon,Tapen Sinha
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-07-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783540783923

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Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic by Bradly J. Condon,Tapen Sinha Pdf

We began to research for this book in 2000, with the idea that we might contribute to the search for solutions to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic by c- bining perspectives from different disciplines. Much has happened in the interv- ing years. First, the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa – and the threat it posed for many others regions of the world – led to a movement among several countries to correct the imbalance between producers and users of ph- maceutical products. This effort produced a clarification of the right of gove- ments to produce generic medicine under compulsory licenses and an amendment of the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS Agreement to allow exports of generic medicines from one WTO Member to another. In 2007, the amended rules were put into practice, with Canada authorizing the export of generic antiretroviral drugs to Rwanda. However, at the same time, global patent laws have been undermined due to regulatory capture, most notably in free trade agreements and through political pressure on countries like Thailand to not to exercise their right to issue compulsory licenses for pharmaceutical products. Second, the amount of money available for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS has increased dramatically, with the establishment of the World Bank Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for Africa (MAP), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), among other funding initiatives.

Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection

World Health Organization
Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 9241549688

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Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by World Health Organization Pdf

These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.

Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1996-03-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309090186

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Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa Pdf

The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.

Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic

Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Examining the Probable Consequences of Alternative Patterns of Widespread Antiretroviral Drug Use in Resource-Constrained Settings
Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Examining the Probable Consequences of Alternative Patterns of Widespread Antiretroviral Drug Use in Resource-Constrained Settings
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2004-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309165839

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Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Examining the Probable Consequences of Alternative Patterns of Widespread Antiretroviral Drug Use in Resource-Constrained Settings Pdf

An estimated forty million people carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and five million more become newly infected annually. In recent years, many HIV-infected patients in wealthy nations have enjoyed significantly longer, good-quality lives as a result of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, most infected individuals live in the poorest regions of the world, where ART is virtually nonexistent. The consequent death toll in these regionsâ€"especially sub-Saharan Africaâ€"is begetting economic and social collapse. To inform the multiple efforts underway to deploy antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings, the Institute of Medicine committee was asked to conduct an independent review and assessment of rapid scale-up ART programs. It was also asked to identify the components of effective implementation programs. At the heart of the committee's report lie five imperatives: Immediately introduce and scale up ART programs in resource-poor settings. Devise strategies to ensure high levels of patient adherence to complicated treatment regimens. Rapidly address human-resource shortages to avoid the failure of program implementation. Continuously monitor and evaluate the programs to form the most effective guidelines and treatment regimens for each population. Prepare to sustain ART for decades.

The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007

Anonim
The World Bank Research Program 2005 2007 Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821374061

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The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007 by Anonim Pdf

This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.

The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care

Abdul Kader Mohiuddin
The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care Book PDF

Author : Abdul Kader Mohiuddin
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 690 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781627343084

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The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care by Abdul Kader Mohiuddin Pdf

The goal of a high quality, cost-effective and accessible health care for patients is achieved through constructing a team-based and patient-centered health care delivery system. The expanded role of pharmacists uplifts them to patient care from dispensing and manufacturing or marketing of drugs. Along with doctors and allied health professionals, pharmacists are increasingly recognized as an integral part of the patient care team. Furthermore, colleges of pharmacy need to revise and up-date their curricula to accommodate the progressively increasing development in the pharmaceutical education and the evolving new roles of practicing pharmacists in patient care settings. This book focuses on the expanded role of the pharmacists in total patient care including prescribing, dispensing, compounding, administering and monitoring of drugs at home, hospital, community, hospice, critical care, changeover and other care settings. The sector is emerging in both developed and under-developed countries. Overburdened by patient loads and the explosion of new drugs physicians turned to pharmacists more and more for drug information especially within institutional settings. And today’s patient care pharmacists are taking more interests in medication review and reconciliation, patient education and counseling, creating drug therapy regimen and monitoring compliance. The purpose of this book is to guide the pharmacists in their daily interactions with patients and to ensure collaboration with other health professionals. The contents are mostly based on recently published articles related to patient care, with most recent ideas and activities followed by the patient care pharmacists around the globe. However, a pharmacist implements the care plan in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregiver. Along with professional guidelines, the book discusses the concepts and best practices of patient interaction, patient rights, and ethical decision-making for the professional pharmacist, apprentice and student. In every chapter, the role of pharmacists in that chapter specific issues are detailed explicitly so that a professional pharmacist or a student can figure out his or her do’s and don’ts in that specific situation. Moreover, further reading references are listed as future recommendations. So, the book is an archive of potential references too. Among so many books about patient care, either doctors’ or nurses’ roles are highlighted. The proposed book highlights the pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities to the most, separated from those of doctors and nurses, with the most recent information obtained from most publications in several journals, books, bulletins, newsletter, magazines etc.

Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine

Marthe R. Gold,Joanna E. Siegel,Louise B. Russell,Milton C. Weinstein
Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine Book PDF

Author : Marthe R. Gold,Joanna E. Siegel,Louise B. Russell,Milton C. Weinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1996-07-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199880423

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Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine by Marthe R. Gold,Joanna E. Siegel,Louise B. Russell,Milton C. Weinstein Pdf

A unique, in-depth discussion of the uses and conduct of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) as decision-making aids in the health and medical fields, this volume is the product of over two years of comprehensive research and deliberation by a multi-disciplinary panel of economists, ethicists, psychometricians, and clinicians. Exploring cost-effectiveness in the context of societal decision-making for resource allocation purposes, this volume proposes that analysts include a "reference-case" analysis in all CEAs designed to inform resource allocation and puts forth the most explicit set of guidelines (together with their rationale) ever defined on the conduct of CEAs. Important theoretical and practical issues encountered in measuring costs and effectiveness, evaluating outcomes, discounting, and dealing with uncertainty are examined in separate chapters. Additional chapters on framing and reporting of CEAs elucidate the purpose of the analysis and the effective communication of its findings. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine differs from the available literature in several key aspects. Most importantly, it represents a consensus on standard methods--a feature integral to a CEA, whose principal goal is to permit comparisons of the costs and health outcomes of alternative ways of improving health. The detailed level at which the discussion is offered is another major distinction of this book, since guidelines in journal literature and in CEA-related books tend to be rather general--to the extent that the analyst is left with little guidance on specific matters. The focused overview of the theoretical background underlying areas of controversy and of methodological alternatives, and, finally, the accessible writing style make this volume a top choice on the reading lists of analysts in medicine and public health who wish to improve practice and comparability of CEAs. The book will also appeal to decision-makers in government, managed care, and industry who wish to consider the uses and limitations of CEAs.

AIDS and Accusation

Paul Farmer
AIDS and Accusation Book PDF

Author : Paul Farmer
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 0520083431

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AIDS and Accusation by Paul Farmer Pdf

In this book ethnographic, historical and epidemiologic data are brought to bear on the subject of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. The forces that have helped to determine rates and pattern of spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are examined, as are social responses to AIDS in rural and urban Haiti, and in parts of North America. History and its calculus of economic and symbolic power also help to explain why residents of a small village in rural Haiti came to understand AIDS in the manner that they did. Drawing on several years of fieldwork, the evolution of a cultural model of AIDS is traced. In a small village in rural Haiti, it was possible to document first the lack of such a model, and then the elaboration over time of a widely shared representation of AIDS. The experience of three villagers who died of complications of AIDS is examined in detail, and the importance of their suffering to the evolution of a cultural model is demonstrated. Epidemiologic and ethnographic studies are prefaced by a geographically broad historical analysis, which suggests the outlines of relations between a powerful center (the United States) and a peripheral client state (Haiti). These relations constitute an important part of a political-economic network termed the "West Atlantic system." The epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Haiti and elsewhere in the Caribbean is reviewed, and the relation between the degree of involvement in the West Atlantic system and the prevalence of HIV is suggested. It is further suggested that the history of HIV in the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Bahamas is similar to that documented here for Haiti.

AIDS in Africa

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
AIDS in Africa Book PDF

Author : Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : MSU:31293028477440

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AIDS in Africa by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Pdf

This report presents three hypothetical case studies for how the AIDS epidemic in Africa could evolve over the next 20 years based on policy decisions taken today by African leaders and the rest of the world; and considers the factors likely to drive the future responses of African countries and the international community. The scenarios draw on the age-old tradition of story-telling, rather than using data projections, to explore the wider context of the AIDS epidemic, reflecting the complexity of the subject matter.

2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic Book PDF

Author : Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 9789291737116

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2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Pdf

"Knowing your epidemic" is essential for everyone involved in the response to HIV. Extensively illustrated with graphs and charts, this biennial report presents concise but comprehensive summaries of major issues in the global AIDS response. Annexes provide HIV estimates and data 2001 and 2007, and also country progress indicators.

Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs

David R. Holtgrave
Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs Book PDF

Author : David R. Holtgrave
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781489918789

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Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs by David R. Holtgrave Pdf

If resources for HIV prevention efforts were truly unlimited, then this book would be en tirely unnecessary. In a world with limitless support for HIV prevention activities, one would simply implement all effective (or potentially effective) programs without regard to expense. We would do everything useful to prevent the further spread of the virus that has already claimed hundreds of thousands of lives in the United States and millions of lives worldwide. Unfortunately, funding for HIV prevention programs is limited. Even though the amount of available funding may seem quite large (especially in the United States), it is still fixed and not sufficient to meet all needs for such programs. This was very well illustrated in the summer of 1997 when over 500 community-based organizations applied for a combined total of $18 million of HIV prevention funding from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Less than one-fifth ofthese organizations received support via this funding mechanism. Hence, although $18 million may seem like a large amount of money at first blush, it is not enough to meet all of the prevention needs that could be addressed by these community-based organizations.

The Political Economy of HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries

Benjamin Coriat
The Political Economy of HIV AIDS in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Coriat
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781848444898

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The Political Economy of HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries by Benjamin Coriat Pdf

The issue of universal and free access to treatment is now a fundamental goal of the international community. Based on original data and field studies from Brazil, Thailand, India and Sub-Saharan Africa under the aegis of ANRS (the French nationalagency for research on Aids and viral hepatitis, this timely and significant book both assesses the progress made in achieving this objective and presents a rigorous diagnosis of the obstacles that remain. Placing particular emphasis on the constraints imposed by TRIPS as well as the poor state of most public health systems in Southern countries, the contributing authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the huge barriers that have yet to be overcome in order to attain free access to care and offer innovative suggestions of how they might be confronted. In doing this, the book renews our understanding of the political economy of HIV/AIDS in these vast regions, where the disease continues to spread with devastating social and economic consequences. This volume will be a valuable addition to the current literature on HIV/AIDS in developing countries and will find widespread appeal amongst students and academics studying economics, sociology and public health. It will also be of interest to international organizations and professional associations involved in the fight against pandemics.