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Electoral Malpractice shows how this phenomenon might be reduced by means of a variety of strategies designed to raise the cost of electoral manipulation by increasing the ability of civil society and international actors to monitor and denounce it.
This book, by Sonja Zmerli and Marc Hooghe, presents cutting-edge empirical research on political trust as a relational concept. From a European comparative perspective it addresses a broad range of contested issues. Can political trust be conceived as a one-dimensional concept and to what extent do international population surveys warrant the culturally equivalent measurement of political trust across European societies? Is there indeed an observable general trend of declining levels of political trust? What are the individual, societal and political prerequisites of political trust and how do they translate into trustful attitudes? Why do so many Eastern European citizens still distrust their political institutions and how does the implementation of welfare state policies both enhance and benefit from political trust? The comprehensive empirical evidence presented in this book by leading scholars provides valuable insights into the relational aspects of political trust and will certainly stimulate future research. This book features: a state-of-the-art European perspective on political trust; an analysis of the most recent trends with regard to the development of political trust; a comparison of traditional and emerging democracies in Europe; the consequences of political trust on political stability and the welfare state; a counterbalance to the gloomy American picture of declining political trust levels.
Electoral Integrity and Political Regimes by Holly Ann Garnett,Margarita Zavadskaya Pdf
Following a normative approach that suggests international norms and standards for elections apply universally, regardless of regime type or cultural context, this book examines the challenges to electoral integrity, the actors involved, and the consequences of electoral malpractice and poor electoral integrity that vary by regime type. It bridges the literature on electoral integrity with that of political regime types. Looking specifically at questions of innovation and learning, corruption and organized crime, political efficacy and turnout, the threat of electoral violence and protest, and finally, the possibility of regime change, it seeks to expand the scholarly understanding of electoral integrity and diverse regimes by exploring the diversity of challenges to electoral integrity, the diversity of actors that are involved and the diversity of consequences that can result. This text will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of electoral studies, and more broadly of relevance to comparative politics, international development, political behaviour and democracy, democratization, and autocracy.
GUIDE TO ELECTORAL FRAUD Loser take all By Tah Asongwed Some people mistakenly thought elections could be fraud free until they witnessed a form of electoral fraud practiced in the United States of America during the 2000 presidential elections. Until then, it had always been assumed that electoral fraud was a plague that affected mainly developing countries, especially African countries where elections, by their very nature and definition, are fraud-stained. Guide to Electoral Fraud (Loser take all) is a very original and professional work of art that lays down the broad strokes of electoral fraud actions that can be undertaken by any individual or group of individuals aspiring to an elective office. While its main focus is Africa, there is no doubt that politicians and readers all over the world will find it extremely useful. Everywhere on the African continent, people at all levels are involved in an oedipal struggle for survival and regeneration and clamoring for the right to take part in selecting those who should reign over them. This is a basic, fundamental, and legitimate quest for self-development because no people, no matter how lowly, can accept to carry the yoke of oppression indefinitely. Moreover, people want to believe the illusion that elections produce good leaders. President Gaulus Machando Mayabi has felt obliged to draw the attention of the world, and particularly that of incumbent and aspiring African tribal president-monarchs, to what they need to do to continue maintaining themselves in power by force so as to keep their people in abject subjugation and their countries on the straight and downward road to political, economic, and cultural ruin. There comes a time in the political life of nations and in the political fortunes of leaders when someone, preferably a man of honor and integrity like President Gaulus Machando Mayabi, has to take up the gauntlet in the defense of his fellow African tribal president-monarchs and himself under the pretext that he is defending the nation and its institutions. Guide to Electoral Fraud (Loser take all) has therefore been written to cater primarily to the interests of reigning tribal African president-monarchs. But beyond serving the needs of African tribal president-monarchs and aspiring candidates for elective office, it is also intended to serve a much wider and composite audience made up of international observers, donor countries, foreign embassy staff, international spy networks, political scientists, African and foreign politicians, students of politics, human rights organizations, etc. Although most African tribal president-monarchs are already very familiar with the methods described in this book, it is hoped that the book will serve as a ready reckoner and as a kind of vade mecum so that each time they want to organize an election, all they have to do is pick up the book and refer to the appropriate recipe, and then use their imagination to concoct the menu they want to serve their people. Their imagination is therefore the limit. Guide to Electoral Fraud (Loser take all) is an elections rulebook and the holy grail of election malpractice. It rightly parts the curtains for the world to peep inside the dark kitchen where African elections are cooked. The reader will be able to take a glimpse at the soot-stained white chefs and advisers of African tribal president-monarchs while sniffing the suffocating stench of the elections mishmash. Chances are that readers will be knocked out instantly by the black pall of smoke from the kitchen but, hopefully, the smoke shouldn't take long to clear for them to see through the election smokescreen and behold the stark nudity of the African tin gods sitting round the fireplace and stirring the election cauldron. There is no doubt that Guide to Electoral Fraud (Loser take all) will fill the yawning gap that exists in the world's knowledge about the way undemocratic elections are con
Election Fraud by R. Michael Alvarez,Thad E. Hall,Susan D. Hyde Pdf
Allegations of fraud have marred recent elections around the world, from Russia and Italy to Mexico and the United States. Such charges raise fundamental questions about the quality of democracy in each country. Yet election fraud and, more broadly, electoral manipulation remain remarkably understudied concepts. There is no consensus on what constitutes election fraud, let alone how to detect and deter it. E lection Fraud: Detecting and Deterring Electoral Manipulation brings together experts on election law, election administration, and U.S. and comparative politics to address these critical issues. The first part of the book, which opens with an essay by Craig Donsanto of the U.S. Department of Justice, examines the U.S. understanding of election fraud in comparative perspective. In the second part of the book, D. Roderick Kiewiet, Jonathan N. Katz, and other scholars of U.S. elections draw on a wide variety of sources, including survey data, incident reports, and state-collected fraud allegations, to measure the extent and nature of election fraud in the United States. Finally, the third part of the book analyzes techniques for detecting and potentially deterring fraud. These strategies include both statistical analysis, as Walter R. Mebane, Jr. and Peter Ordeshook explain, and the now widespread practice of election monitoring, which Alberto Simpser examines in an intriguing essay.
Electoral Violence, Corruption, and Political Order by Sarah Birch Pdf
A comprehensive look at how violence has been used to manipulate competitive electoral processes around the world since World War II Throughout their history, political elections have been threatened by conflict, and the use of force has in the past several decades been an integral part of electoral processes in a significant number of contemporary states. However, the study of elections has yet to produce a comprehensive account of electoral violence. Drawing on cross-national data sets together with fourteen detailed case studies from around the world, Electoral Violence, Corruption, and Political Order offers a global comparative analysis of violent electoral practices since the Second World War. Sarah Birch shows that the way power is structured in society largely explains why elections are at risk of violence in some contexts but not in others. Countries with high levels of corruption and weak democratic institutions are especially vulnerable to disruptions of electoral peace. She examines how corrupt actors use violence to back up other forms of electoral manipulation, including vote buying and ballot stuffing. In addition to investigating why electoral violence takes place, Birch considers what can be done to prevent it in the future, arguing that electoral authority and the quality of electoral governance are more important than the formal design of electoral institutions. Delving into a deeply influential aspect of political malpractice, Electoral Violence, Corruption, and Political Order explores the circumstances in which individuals choose to employ violence as an electoral strategy.
Contentious Elections by Pippa Norris,Richard W. Frank,Ferran Martínez i Coma Pdf
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe the world has witnessed a rising tide of contentious elections ending in heated partisan debates, court challenges, street protests, and legitimacy challenges. In some cases, disputes have been settled peacefully through legal appeals and electoral reforms. In the worst cases, however, disputes have triggered bloodshed or government downfalls and military coups. Contentious elections are characterized by major challenges, with different degrees of severity, to the legitimacy of electoral actors, procedures, or outcomes. Despite growing concern, until recently little research has studied this phenomenon. The theory unfolded in this volume suggests that problems of electoral malpractice erode confidence in electoral authorities, spur peaceful protests demonstrating against the outcome, and, in the most severe cases, lead to outbreaks of conflict and violence. Understanding this process is of vital concern for domestic reformers and the international community, as well as attracting a growing new research agenda. The editors, from the Electoral Integrity Project, bring together scholars considering a range of fresh evidence– analyzing public opinion surveys of confidence in elections and voter turnout within specific countries, as well as expert perceptions of the existence of peaceful electoral demonstrations, and survey and aggregate data monitoring outbreaks of electoral violence. The book provides insights invaluable for studies in democracy and democratization, comparative politics, comparative elections, peace and conflict studies, comparative sociology, international development, comparative public opinion, political behavior, political institutions, and public policy.
Pippa Norris,Richard W. Frank,Ferran Martínez i Coma
Author : Pippa Norris,Richard W. Frank,Ferran Martínez i Coma Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 321 pages File Size : 52,9 Mb Release : 2014 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780199368716
Advancing Electoral Integrity by Pippa Norris,Richard W. Frank,Ferran Martínez i Coma Pdf
Recent decades have seen growing concern about problems of electoral integrity. The most overt malpractices used by rulers include imprisoning dissidents, harassing adversaries, coercing voters, vote-rigging counts, and even blatant disregard for the popular vote. Serious violations of human rights, undermining electoral credibility, are widely condemned by domestic observers and the international community. Recent protests about integrity have mobilized in countries as diverse as Russia, Mexico, and Egypt. Elsewhere minor irregularities are common, exemplified by inaccurate voter registers, maladministration of polling facilities, lack of security in absentee ballots, pro-government media bias, ballot miscounts, and gerrymandering. Long-standing democracies are far from immune to these ills; past problems include the notorious hanging chads in Florida in 2000 and more recent accusations of voter fraud and voter suppression during the Obama-Romney contest. In response to these developments, there have been growing attempts to analyze flaws in electoral integrity using systematic data from cross-national time-series, forensic analysis, field experiments, case studies, and new instruments monitoring mass and elite perceptions of malpractices. This volume collects essays from international experts who evaluate the robustness, conceptual validity, and reliability of the growing body of evidence. The essays compare alternative approaches and apply these methods to evaluate the quality of elections in several areas, including in the United States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.
Instrumentalisation of Mass Media in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes by Nozima Akhrarkhodjaeva Pdf
Focusing on the case of Russia during Putin’s first two presidential terms, this book examines media manipulation strategies in electoral authoritarian regimes. Which instruments and approaches do incumbent elites employ to skew media coverage in favor of their preferred candidate in a presidential election? What effects do these strategies have on news content? Based on two case studies of the presidential election campaigns in Russia in 2000 and in 2008, this investigation identifies the critical internal mechanisms according to which these regimes work. Looking at the same country while it transformed from a competitive into a hegemonic authoritarian regime, allows a diachronic comparison of these two regime types. The book explicates the subtle differences between competitive and hegemonic regimes, different types of media manipulation strategies, the diverging extent of media instrumentalization, various interactions among state actors, large business owners, the media, and journalists, the respective effects that all these factors and interactions have on media content, and the peculiar types of bias prevalent in each type of regime. This deep exploration of post-Soviet politics is based on extensive review of documents, interviews with media professionals, and quantitative as well as qualitative content analyses of news media during two Russian presidential election campaigns.
Electoral Malpractice in Asia by Netina Tan,Kharis Templeman Pdf
What causes widespread abuse of the electoral process? How do political elites choose and weigh the relative costs and benefits of differing kinds of electoral manipulation? How and why have patterns of electoral conduct changed over time? The authors of Electoral Malpractice in Asiaanswer these questions and more as they systematically compare the quality of elections across eleven democracies and electoral autocracies. Covering a range of regimes and practices, they highlight not only the varying ways that electoral integrity is violated, but also the consequences for the quality of democracy across the region. CONTENTS: Electoral Malpractice in Asia: The Menu of Manipulations--the Editors. RULING PARTY ACTORS: CHOOSING FROM THE INCUMBENTS' TOOLKIT. Japan: Manipulating (on) the Margins--K.M. McElwain and T. Yoshikawa South Korea: Neither Free nor Fair--J.-s.You. Taiwan: Raising the Bar--K. Templeman. Mongolia: When Manipulation Backfires--M. Seeberg. Singapore: Tilting the Playing Field--N. Tan. Malaysia: When the Whole Menu Is Not Enough--K. Ostwald. Cambodia: When the Gloves Come Off--M. Grömping. LOCAL AND UNELECTED ACTORS: MANIPULATION WITHOUT INCUMBENTS. Indonesia: Different Actors, Different Tools--S. Soderborg. The Philippines: Democracy in Distress--C. Calimbahin. Myanmar: Invisible Intimidation--E. Bjarnegård. Thailand: Uses and Abuses of Electoral Reforms--J. Selway. CONCLUSION. Electoral Malpractice: The Consequences for Democracy in Asia--the Editors.
Why Electoral Integrity Matters by Pippa Norris Pdf
The book is the first in a planned trilogy by Pippa Norris on Challenges of Electoral Integrity to be published by Cambridge University Press. Unfortunately too often elections around the globe are deeply flawed or even fail. Why does this matter? It is widely suspected that such contests will undermine confidence in elected authorities, damage voting turnout, trigger protests, exacerbate conflict, and occasionally lead to regime change. Well-run elections, by themselves, are insufficient for successful transitions to democracy. But flawed, or even failed, contests are thought to wreck fragile progress. Is there good evidence for these claims? Under what circumstances do failed elections undermine legitimacy? With a global perspective, using new sources of data for mass and elite evidence, this book provides fresh insights into these major issues.
Electoral Registration in Northern Ireland by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Northern Ireland Affairs Committee Pdf
The Committee is happy with the effectiveness of the Electoral Fraud (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 but there are still flaws in the current arrangements. Less than 84 percent of these eligible to vote in Northern Ireland, are currently registered; young people and socially economically depressed groups are especially under-represented. Less than 25 percent of 17 and 18 years olds are registered. Voter's names are no longer placed automatically on next year's register, which is an effective anti-fraud measure, but on the other hand this has highlighted the low level of registration. Fewer of the new Electoral Identity Cards (EIDs) were issued than expected, and, while other forms of photographic ID are acceptable at polling stations,over 3,500 voters were turned away from polling stations at recent elections, because of ID problems. An example of the lack of joined-up thinking was the poor performance of two competing Government telephone help lines during the 2003 canvass period.
Technology Integration and Transformation of Elections in Africa by Cosmas Uchenna Nwokeafor Pdf
Technology Integration and Transformation of Elections in Africa serves as a standard textbook and a reference guide to students in both undergraduate and graduate programs in tertiary institutions where elaborate discourse on the impact of technology to political elections and advancements across the continental Africa have continued to gain weight. The rationale in publishing this textbook far more outweighs its timeliness but speaks highly of its significance because it deals with technology integration and transformation of elections in Africa, a region whose elections has been continuously marred by corruption and incessant fraudulent activities perpetrated by both the citizens, various political parties and the umpires whose responsibilities were to present a credible election. Elections in Africa draws international attention and the news is seldom good. For instance, the elections in Kenya, fueled violence that left 1,500 dead and 300,000 displaced, while elections in Zimbabwe suffered from massive fraud and brutal suppression. In Nigeria in 1999, and 2011, the result of the elections were in shambles and some of the parties that lost the election took to the street resulting in the death of significant percentage of innocent people.
This book provides a unique framework to explain the causes and consequences of electoral problems in Turkey. Although highly illuminating, the existing studies fall short of explaining the particularities of numerous singular electoral settings. This gap is especially valid for the grey-zone regimes, which are neither clearly democratic nor conventionally authoritarian in Turkey. Establishing a historical outlook by scrutinising the elections which have taken place since the 1950s, Emre Toros identifies the challenges related to electoral integrity nested at individual and institutional levels. In this way, this book contributes to electoral integrity literature by utilising the valuable research strategies of the existing studies, proposing alternative data sources that will better understand the phenomena and, most importantly, employing a methodology that will suit both singular and comparative cases.