Electronic Structure Of Refractory Carbides And Nitrides
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Handbook of Refractory Carbides & Nitrides by Hugh O. Pierson Pdf
Refractory carbides and nitrides are useful materials with numerous industrial applications and a promising future, in addition to being materials of great interest to the scientific community. Although most of their applications are recent, the refractory carbides and nitrides have been known for over one hundred years. The industrial importance of the refractory carbides and nitrides is growing rapidly, not only in the traditional and well-established applications based on the strength and refractory nature of these materials such as cutting tools and abrasives, but also in new and promising fields such as electronics and optoelectronics.
Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides by Louis Toth Pdf
Refractory Materials, Volume 7: Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides discusses the developments in transition metal carbide and nitride research. This volume is organized into nine chapters that emphasize the mechanical and superconducting properties of these compounds. The introductory chapters deal with the general properties, preparation techniques, characterization, crystal chemistry, phase relationships, and thermodynamics of transition metal carbides and nitrides. The following chapter highlights the mechanical properties of these compounds, such as elastic and plastic deformation, fracture, strengthening mechanisms, and hardness. The discussion then shifts to specific electrical and magnetic properties, including electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient, and magnetic susceptibility. A separate chapter is devoted to carbides and nitrides as superconductors. The concluding chapters explore certain theories that explain the mechanisms of band structure and bonding in carbides and nitrides. This volume is of great value to research workers in metallurgy, ceramics, physics, chemistry, and related fields, as well as to advanced students investigating problems concerning high temperature materials or interstitial compounds.
The present stage of technological development makes new and ever more complex demands on materials that have to work under conditions of high temperature and pressure, in high vacuum, and in corrosive media. In consequence special importance is now at tached to the refractory compounds of transition metals of groups IV to VI with such nonmetals as boron, carbon, silicon, and nitro gen. These compounds possess high melting points, great hard ness, and high refractory and corrosion-resisting properties. The most widely used and important compounds of this type from a technological point of view are the carbides, which are already fairly widely used in various fields of technology. The present collection of papers contains the results of re cent investigations into methods of producing high-purity carbides and also components made of the carbides and their alloys. Great attention has been paid to the study of a wide range of properties of the carbides and of alloys based on them, viz., the electro-and thermophysical, thermodynamic, mechanical, and chemical prop erties, and also to the utilization of the carbides as wear-and abrasion-resistant materials. In contrast to many previous publications dealing with carbides, the results presented in this collection relate to the properties of carbides having a definite phase composition, corresponding to a higher degree of purity 0 In some of the contributions the physical and chemical properties of the carbides are interpreted in terms of certain solid-state models and concepts concerning the types of chemical bonding in these compounds.
Electric Refractory Materials by Yukinobu Kumashiro Pdf
An exploration of electric refractory materials, this book covers developments of blue light-emitting diodes using GaN-based nitrides for laser and high-temperature and -frequency devices. Electric Refractory Materials introduces growth and evaluation standards of films and bulk crystals, with consideration of band structure, surface electronic structure, and lattice vibrations. It also covers heat capacity and thermal conductivity, irradiation properties, and selective surfaces. Focusing on diamond material, the book examines its synthesis and characterization as well as its electrical, optical, and conductive properties. The book also discusses the use of silicon carbide, boron compounds, and other material used in electronic and light-emitting devices.
Electric Refractory Materials by Yukinobu Kumashiro Pdf
An exploration of electric refractory materials, this book covers developments of blue light-emitting diodes using GaN-based nitrides for laser and high-temperature and -frequency devices. "Electric Refractory Materials" introduces growth and evaluation standards of films and bulk crystals, with consideration of band structure, surface electronic structure, and lattice vibrations. It also covers heat capacity and thermal conductivity, irradiation properties, and selective surfaces. Focusing on diamond material, the book examines its synthesis and characterization as well as its electrical, optical, and conductive properties. The book also discusses the use of silicon carbide, boron compounds, and other material used in electronic and light-emitting devices.
Ultra-High Temperature Materials II by Igor L. Shabalin Pdf
This exhaustive work in three volumes and over 1300 pages provides a thorough treatment of ultra-high temperature materials with melting points over 2500 °C. The first volume focuses on Carbon and Refractory Metals, whilst the second and third are dedicated solely to Refractory compounds and the third to Refractory Alloys and Composites respectively. Topics included are physical (crystallographic, thermodynamic, thermo physical, electrical, optical, physico-mechanical, nuclear) and chemical (solid-state diffusion, interaction with chemical elements and compounds, interaction with gases, vapours and aqueous solutions) properties of the individual physico-chemical phases of carbon (graphite/graphene), refractory metals (W, Re, Os, Ta, Mo, Nb, Ir) and compounds (oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, silicides) with melting points in this range. It will be of interest to researchers, engineers, postgraduate, graduate and undergraduate students alike. The reader is provided with the full qualitative and quantitative assessment for the materials, which could be applied in various engineering devices and environmental conditions at ultra-high temperatures, on the basis of the latest updates in the field of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering.
The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides by S.T. Oyama Pdf
This book arose from a symposium titled 'Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Reactivity' organized by Jae Sung Lee, Masatoshi Nagai and myself. The symposium was part of the 1995 Congress of Pacific Rim Chemical Societies, held in Honolulu, Hawaii between December 17-22, 1995. The meeting was the first major conference to exclusively address the theme of metal carbides and nitrides, and brought together many of the major researchers in the field. Over 50 scientists and engineers reported their latest findings in five sessions of presentations and discussions. The book closely follows the topics covered in the conference: Theory of bonding Structure and composition Catalytic properties Physical properties New methods of preparation Spectroscopy and microscopy The book is unique in its coverage. It provides a general introduction to the properties and nature of the materials, but also covers their latest applications in a wide variety of fields. It should thus be of interest to both experts and nonexperts in the fields of material science, solid-state chemistry, physics, ceramics engineering, and catalysis. The first chapter gives an overview, and many of the chapters provide summaries of advanced topics. All contributions were peer-reviewed.
The Refractory Carbides is intended as a guide to the chemist who wishes to undertake a fundamental study of refractory carbide systems. No effort has been made to discuss all of the properties for which information is available. Rather, the selection is intended to give the reader information and some insights which are basic to any measurement. This work includes a number of the more important physical and chemical properties of the nine transition elements included in Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the 4th, 5th, and 6th periods. The three actinide systems, Th-C, U-C, and Pu-C, have also been discussed. While this limited selection does not include all of the high melting carbides, it does include the more refractory and the more useful ones. These systems offer a unique collection of properties for an understanding of the chemical bond. Each system is discussed individually in terms of each property. These include phase relationship, lattice parameter and structure, chemical stability, hardness, and thermochemical properties which include vaporization behavior. In addition, the thermal data for the carbides and many of the associated elements have been reevaluated.
The Physics and Chemistry of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides by R. Freer Pdf
Carbides, nitrides and borides are families of related refractory materials. Traditionally they have been employed in applications associated with engineering ceramics where either high temperature strength or stability is of primary importance. In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the interesting electrical, thermal and optical properties exhibited by these materials, and the fact that many can be prepared as monolithic ceramics, single crystals and thin films. In practical terms carbides, nitrides and borides offer the prospect of a new generation of semiconductor materials, for example, which can function at very high temperatures in severe environmental conditions. However, as yet, we have only a limited understanding of the detailed physics and chemistry of the materials and how the preparation techniques influence the properties. Under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was held on the Physics and Chemistry of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides (University of Manchester, 18-22 September, 1989) in order to assess progress to date and identify the most promising themes and materials for future research. An international group of 38 scientists considered developments in 5 main areas: The preparation of powders, monolithic ceramics, single crystals and thin films; Phase transformations, microstructure, defect structure and mass transport; Materials stability; Theoretical studies; Electrical, thermal and optical properties of bulk materials and thin films.
Density Functional Theory of Molecules, Clusters, and Solids by D.E. Ellis Pdf
Rapid advances are taking place in the application of density functional theory (DFT) to describe complex electronic structures, to accurately treat large systems and to predict physical and chemical properties. Both theoretical content and computational methodology are developing at a pace which offers researchers new opportunities in areas such as quantum chemistry, cluster science, and solid state physics. This volume contains ten contributions by leading scientists in the field and provides an authoritative overview of the most important developments. The book focuses on the following themes: determining adequate approximations for the many-body problem of electronic correlations; how to transform these approximations into computational algorithms; applications to discover and predict properties of electronic systems; and developing the theory. For researchers in surface chemistry, catalysis, ceramics and inorganic chemistry.
Tungsten Carbides by Alexey S. Kurlov,Aleksandr I. Gusev Pdf
This book embraces the entire range of problems associated with phase equilibria in “tungsten – carbon” binary system and related ternary systems, nonstoichiometry, disorder and order in different tungsten carbides, electronic and crystal structure of these carbides. The main application of tungsten carbides is constituent in hardmetals for cutting tools. In the last 20 years, the most active efforts were made in synthesis and application of nanocrystalline tungsten carbide for the production of nanostructured hardmetals. The present book describes in detail different methods for production of nanocrystalline tungsten carbide. The peculiarities of sintering of Co hardmetals from nanocrystalline powders having different particle sizes are discussed. Materials scientists using tungsten carbide to create novel superhard and tough materials will find this book particularly useful.
Groups IV, V, and VI Transition Metals and Compounds by T. F. Connolly Pdf
responsibility.) To Betty Edwards and Emily Copenhaver my thanks for what must have seemed endless typing, retyping and correcting of these bibliographies over a span of years. Availability of Documents U. S. Government contractor reports, usually identified by an alpha-numeric report number, can be purchased from National Technical Information Service U. S. Department of Commerce Springfield, Virginia 22151 and, often, on request from the issuing installation. USAEC reports are also available from International Atomic Energy Agency Kaerntnerring A 1010 Vienna, Austria National Lending Library Boston Spa England Monographs and reports of the National Bureau of Standards are for sale by Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402 Theses, listed as Dissertation Abstracts + number, are available in North or South America from University Microfilms Dissertation Copies P. O. Box 1764 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 and elsewhere from University Microfilms, Ltd. St. John's Road Tylers Green Penn, Buckinghamshire England Other Information Centers and New Journals New journals Information centers Field and and other sources serials Ultra purification 4, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16,19, 20, 9,11,15, 24, 31, 32 and 21, 28, 30, 32, 33, 42, 58, 59 crystal growth ix Preface Field Information centers New journals and and other -sources serials Characterization Miscellaneous 3,4, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 1,3,4,8,11,15,17, 21, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 46, 53, 56, 32 58, 60, 61, 62
