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Author : Joshua Weiser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031597503
Author : Katrien Devolder
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-01-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191036224
Embryonic stem cell research holds unique promise for developing therapies for currently incurable diseases and conditions, and for important biomedical research. However, the process through which embryonic stem cells are obtained involves the destruction of early human embryos. Katrien Devolder focuses on the tension between the popular view that an embryo should never be deliberately harmed or destroyed, and the view that embryonic stem cell research, because of its enormous promise, must go forward. She provides an in-depth ethical analysis of the major philosophical and political attempts to resolve this tension. One such attempt involves the development of a middle ground position, which accepts only types or aspects of embryonic stem cell research deemed compatible with the view that the embryo has a significant moral status. An example is the position that it can be permissible to derive stem cells from embryos left over from in vitro fertilisation but not from embryos created for research. Others have advocated a technical solution. Several techniques have been proposed for deriving embryonic stem cells, or their functional equivalents, without harming embryos. An example is the induced pluripotent stem cell technique. Through highlighting inconsistencies in the arguments for these positions, Devolder argues that the central tension in the embryonic stem cell debate remains unresolved. This conclusion has important implications for the stem cell debate, as well as for policies inspired by this debate.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological and Biomedical Applications of Stem Cell Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309170420
Recent scientific breakthroughs, celebrity patient advocates, and conflicting religious beliefs have come together to bring the state of stem cell researchâ€"specifically embryonic stem cell researchâ€"into the political crosshairs. President Bush's watershed policy statement allows federal funding for embryonic stem cell research but only on a limited number of stem cell lines. Millions of Americans could be affected by the continuing political debate among policymakers and the public. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine provides a deeper exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. In terms accessible to lay readers, the book summarizes what we know about adult and embryonic stem cells and discusses how to go about the transition from mouse studies to research that has therapeutic implications for people. Perhaps most important, Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine also provides an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells. This timely book compares the impact of public and private research funding and discusses approaches to appropriate research oversight. Based on the insights of leading scientists, ethicists, and other authorities, the book offers authoritative recommendations regarding the use of existing stem cell lines versus new lines in research, the important role of the federal government in this field of research, and other fundamental issues.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2005-09-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309096539
Since 1998, the volume of research being conducted using human embryonic stem (hES) cells has expanded primarily using private funds because of restrictions on the use of federal funds for such research. Given limited federal involvement, privately funded hES cell research has thus far been carried out under a patchwork of existing regulations, many of which were not designed with this research specifically in mind. In addition, hES cell research touches on many ethical, legal, scientific, and policy issues that are of concern to the public. This report provides guidelines for the conduct of hES cell research to address both ethical and scientific concerns. The guidelines are intended to enhance the integrity of privately funded hES cell research by encouraging responsible practices in the conduct of that research.
Author : Aurora Plomer,Paul Torremans
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0199543461
Stem cell research, and particularly embryonic stem cell research, while offering the prospect of developing theories for serious life-threatening diseases, also raises a number of difficult and controversial moral questions. This is reflected in a variety of moral perspectives and regulatory regimes, already adopted or in the process of being developed, in EU Member States. In particular the "moral exclusion" clause in Article 6 of the EC Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions has created much uncertainty in this field. This collection of original essays provides comprehensive analysis of the EU patent system as applied to biotechnological inventions and particularly stem cell research, dealing with the overlapping EPC, EU, international and national law regimes bearing on the exclusion of patents in a morally fragmented and contested field. In this multidisciplinary study, the editors aim to clarify the legal scope of Article 6, which they deem essential for the fostering of research and investment in Europe, while ensuring that such research is conducted within clear ethical limits which address the concerns of society. As well as a complete overview of the application of the European patent law in the field of human embryonic stem cells, topics covered include legal and philosophical accounts of the boards of the European Court of Justice and European Patent Offices' reasoning in the leading litigated cases, as well as the institutional tensions between national and transnational European research and patent regimes. With its broad research in the fields of patent law, ethics and philosophy, the book analyzes a wide range of issues in a way no other book has previously done and suggests solutions to unblock the current stalemate surrounding the patentability of human embryonic stem cell related inventions. The book will be welcomed by a broad readership, including experts and academics in both ethical and legal disciplines as well as policy makers and regulators in the field of embryonic stem cell research in Europe.
Author : Muireann Quigley,Sarah Chan,John Harris
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789814374248
Fiction. LGBT Studies. Finalist for the American Library Association GLBT Fiction Award. "Guess deftly performs the parlor trick of handling several different voices, switching fluidly from perceptive Caddie to the clipped cadence of masculine Jo to jaded Selena. This Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore for the 1990s celebrates the differences between people without fudging the loneliness that these entail. Guess's attempts to put a Midwestern spin on magical realism are blessedly rare: in a book loaded with so many natural surprises, any supernatural extras would be gilt on the lily"—Publishers Weekly.
Author : Adam C. Berger,Sarah H. Beachy,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Steve Olson,Board on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Sciences,Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academy Press
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309303001
Stem cells offer tremendous promise for advancing health and medicine. Whether being used to replace damaged cells and organs or else by supporting the body's intrinsic repair mechanisms, stem cells hold the potential to treat such debilitating conditions as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and spinal cord injury. Clinical trials of stem cell treatments are under way in countries around the world, but the evidence base to support the medical use of stem cells remains limited. Despite this paucity of clinical evidence, consumer demand for treatments using stem cells has risen, driven in part by a lack of available treatment options for debilitating diseases as well as direct-to-consumer advertising and public portrayals of stem cell-based treatments. Clinics that offer stem cell therapies for a wide range of diseases and conditions have been established throughout the world, both in newly industrialized countries such as China, India, and Mexico and in developed countries such as the United States and various European nations. Though these therapies are often promoted as being established and effective, they generally have not received stringent regulatory oversight and have not been tested with rigorous trials designed to determine their safety and likely benefits. In the absence of substantiated claims, the potential for harm to patients - as well as to the field of stem cell research in general - may outweigh the potential benefits. To explore these issues, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, and the International Society for Stem Cell Research held a workshop in November 2013. "Stem Cell Therapies" summarizes the workshop. Researchers, clinicians, patients, policy makers, and others from North America, Europe, and Asia met to examine the global pattern of treatments and products being offered, the range of patient experiences, and options to maximize the well-being of patients, either by protecting them from treatments that are dangerous or ineffective or by steering them toward treatments that are effective. This report discusses the current environment in which patients are receiving unregulated stem cell offerings, focusing on the treatments being offered and their risks and benefits. The report considers the evidence base for clinical application of stem cell technologies and ways to assure the quality of stem cell offerings.
Author : Willem-Jan van der Wolf,Relinde Van Laar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Embryonic stem cells
ISBN : 9058507513
Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through cell division and differentiation into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues, such as muscles or nerves, through cell culture. For this reason, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. As promising as this may sound, under the Bush regime, stem cell research in the United States was kept on a very tight leash. Bush limited the various uses of stem cell research enormously through the adaptation of strict legislation. The United States' former president even pronounced that he would use his veto, if the senate would stretch the stem cell legislation beyond his prescribed limits. Now, a whole new era opens for the United States, since Barack Obama already made known he will make important changes to the existing legislation concerning stem cell research. In our viewpoint, this is necessary to put America back on the world map whilst discovering the possibilities of curing diseases with the help of stem cell research. In order to compare the new strategy of Obama to the old path prescribed by Bush regarding stem cell research, insight in existing stem cell legislation is necessary. Therefore, this collection of legislation on stem cell research provides a complete and in-depth overview of the current state of affairs concerning this topic in America. This collection is vital for every legal academic scholar, especially now that the United States are marking the progress of stem cell research as one of their top priorities.
Author : Russell Korobkin,Stephen R. Munzer
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780300122923
"Stem Cell Century provides a very clear analysis of the policy issues around cloning and stem cells in biomedicine, on the basis of a sound scientific understanding of the underlying biology." Ian Wilmut, director, Edinburgh University Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and creator of "Dolly" the lamb, the world's first cloned mammal. From the bookjacket.
Author : Lars Østnor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402069895
Is it acceptable from an ethical point of view to use stem cells from human embryos for scientific research and clinical therapy? And what are the weaknesses and strengths of various opinions and positions when they are critically evaluated? These are the main problems dealt with in this book. The various chapters as a whole give a comprehensive, many-sided and balanced discussion of the subject. The book contains contributions from biological, medical, social, political, philosophical and theological perspectives. The authors have been chosen because of their professional competence, many of them being respected scholars on a top international level. They give an updated contribution from their own discipline in order to enlighten the different aspects of the common theme. The authors cover various positions and evaluations with regard to the question of the use of embryonic stem cells for research and therapy. The book is written for several audiences: a) scholars and professionals working with stem cell research or with the ethical questions arising from this field (people from biology, medicine, law, philosophy, theology etc.), b) advanced and graduate students within the same professional disciplines and c) politicians and the general public interested in the burning ethical problems which are intensively debated in many countries.
Author : Kristina Hug,Göran Hermerén
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781607619598
For many years, the ethical discussion surrounding human embryonic stem cell research has focused on the moral status of the embryo. This text takes a wider moral berth and focuses on numerous ethical, legal and social aspects involved in translating the results of stem cell research into diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Translational Stem Cell Research is broken into ten sections. It opens with an overview of the latest in stem cell research, focusing on specific diseases and the treatment of burn victims. Part II discusses the issues involved in the many steps from bench to bedside, ranging from first research in vitro to clinical trials. Part III covers scientific, regulatory and ethical challenges to basic research, and Part IV details issues regarding stem cell banks. Part V explores ethical, economic and strategic issues involved in collaboration between universities and industry, and Part VI addresses legal problems raised by patents on human stem-cell based inventions plus the extent to which there can be technological solutions to a moral dilemma. Part VII presents imaginative ways of communicating research to the general public and how to create conditions for a constructive dialogue. Part VIII probes psychosocial and cultural factors affecting judgment and decisions about translational stem cell research, and Part IX explores problems and procedures raised by an examination of the evaluation of stem cell research projects in research ethics committees. The book closes with a look into the future of translational stem cell research and stem cell-based therapeutic applications.
Author : Cynthia B. Cohen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190294021
Stem cell therapy is ushering in a new era of medicine in which we will be able to repair human organs and tissue at their most fundamental level- that of the cell. The power of stem cells to regenerate cells of specific types, such as heart, liver, and muscle, is unique and extraordinary. In 1998 researchers learned how to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells, which are only obtainable through the destruction of human embryos. An ethical debate has raged since then about the ethics of this research, usually pitting pro-life advocates vs. those who see the great promise of curing some of humanity's most persistent diseases. In this book Cynthia Cohen agrees that we need to work toward a consensus on the issue of how we treat the embryo. But more broadly she claims that we need to transform and expand the ethical and policy debates on stem cells (adult and embryonic). This important and much-needed book is both a primer and a means by which to understand the implications of this research. Cohen starts by introducing readers to the basic science of stem cell research, and the core ethical questions surrounding the embryo. She then expands the scope of the debate, looking at the moral questions that will crop up down the line, such as e.g. the use of therapeutic cloning to overcome the body's immune resistance to stem cells; the ethics of using animals to test stem cells; how to disentangle federal and state legal and regulatory policies in pursuit of a coherent national policy; and how to develop an ethics of stem cell research that will accommodate new techniques and controversies that we cannot even foresee now. Her final chapter develops a concrete plan for an oversight system for this research. This is the first single-author book that addresses the many broad ethical and legal issues related to stem cells, and it should be of great interest to bioethicists, researchers, clinicians, philosophers, theologians, lawyers, policy makers, and general readers.
Author : Willem-Jan van der Wolf,Relinde van Laar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-31
Category : Embryonic stem cells
ISBN : 9058507122
Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through cell division and differentiation into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues, such as muscles or nerves, through cell culture. For this reason, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. As promising as this may sound, under President Bush's administration, stem cell research in the United States was kept on a very tight leash. The administration limited the various uses of stem cell research enormously through the adaptation of strict legislation. The president even pronounced that he would use his veto, if the senate would stretch the stem cell legislation beyond his prescribed limits. Now, a whole new era opens for the US, since President Barack Obama has already made known that he will make important changes to the existing legislation concerning stem cell research. In the viewpoint of this book's contributors, this is necessary to put America back on the world map while discovering the possibilities of curing diseases with the help of stem cell research. In order to compare the new strategy of Obama to the old path prescribed by Bush regarding stem cell research, insight in existing stem cell legislation is necessary. Therefore, this collection of legislation on stem cell research provides a complete and in-depth overview of the current state of affairs concerning this topic in the US. The book will be vital for every legal academic scholar, especially now that the US is marking the progress of stem cell research as one of its top priorities.
Author : Renato Giuseppe Mazzolini,Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Stem cells
ISBN : WISC:89114446743
Stem cells have been in the center of a heated biomedical and biopolitical debate in the first decade of the new millennium. Ethical concerns prevailed. The present volume follows the controversial discussions on stem cells in Italy and Germany, respectively, over the past 15 years. It aims at an assessment of the situation, and its method is comparative. The first part of the book takes a step back and sheds light on the early history of views on stem cells and on cellular reprogramming from the middle of the nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. Part two and three have a close look on the recent developments in Germany and in Italy from three different viewpoints: the state of the art in scientific research, the public debate on its perceived promises and dangers, and the political and legal regulations that followed. It turns out that, despite their cultural and geographical vicinity, there are significant national differences in the discursive and juridical strategies followed in both European countries.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Stem cells
ISBN : OCLC:884958099
Fast-moving and ever-changing, stem cell science and research presents ongoing ethical and legal challenges in many countries. Each development and innovation throws up new challenges. This is the case even where new developments initially seem to solve old dilemmas. Sometimes it becomes evident that new science does not in fact solve old problems and, for that reason, the ethical issues remain. In recognition of this, this book presents innovative and creative analyses of a range of ethical and legal challenges raised by stem cell research and its potential and actual application. The editors of this collection have brought together experts from ethics and law to bring fresh perspectives on the use of and research on stem cells. The chapters in this collection range across a number of different issues in the debate on stem cells, from the ethical dilemmas of conducting stem cell research to those of the clinical application of stem cell technology. Each chapter gives an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the ethical or legal issues at stake. The early chapters give engaging new expositions on the permissibility of using embryos in stem cell research, in particular challenging our views about how we view and 'construct' the embryo in debates regarding stem cells. Later chapters move on to actual and potential clinical uses of stem cells and present novel arguments about these.