Empirically Informed Ethics Morality Between Facts And Norms

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Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality between Facts and Norms

Markus Christen,Carel van Schaik,Johannes Fischer,Markus Huppenbauer,Carmen Tanner
Empirically Informed Ethics Morality between Facts and Norms Book PDF

Author : Markus Christen,Carel van Schaik,Johannes Fischer,Markus Huppenbauer,Carmen Tanner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319013695

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Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality between Facts and Norms by Markus Christen,Carel van Schaik,Johannes Fischer,Markus Huppenbauer,Carmen Tanner Pdf

This volume provides an overview of the most recent developments in empirical investigations of morality and assesses their impact and importance for ethical thinking. It involves contributions of scholars both from philosophy, theology and empirical sciences with firm standings in their own disciplines, but an inclination to step across borders—in particular the one between the world of facts and the world of norms. Human morality is complex, and probably even messy—and this clean distinction becomes blurred whenever one looks more closely at the various components that enable and influence our moral actions and ethical orientations. In that way, morality may indeed be located between facts and norms—and an empirically informed ethics that is less concerned with analytical purity but immerses into this moral complexity may be an important step to make the contributions of ethics to this world more valuable and relevant. ​

Empirical Research and Normative Theory

Alexander Max Bauer,Malte Meyerhuber
Empirical Research and Normative Theory Book PDF

Author : Alexander Max Bauer,Malte Meyerhuber
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110613797

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Empirical Research and Normative Theory by Alexander Max Bauer,Malte Meyerhuber Pdf

Two questions often shape our view of the world. On the one hand, we ask what there is, on the other hand, we ask what there ought to be. Empirical research and normative theory, the methodological traditions concerned with these questions, entered a difficult relationship, from at least as early as around the time of the advent of modern sciences. To this day, there remains a strong separation between the two domains, with both tending to neglect discourses and results from the other. Contrary to a verdict of strict segregation between "is" and "ought," there are, nowadays, various attempts to integrate both theoretical approaches. This calls for a discourse on the relation between empirical research and normative theory. In this volume, scholars from different disciplines – including psychology, sociology, economics, and philosophy – discuss the possible desired or undesired influences on, and limits of, the integration of these two approaches.

The Skillfulness of Virtue

Matt Stichter
The Skillfulness of Virtue Book PDF

Author : Matt Stichter
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108583541

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The Skillfulness of Virtue by Matt Stichter Pdf

The Skillfulness of Virtue provides a new framework for understanding virtue as a skill, based on psychological research on self-regulation and expertise. Matt Stichter lays the foundations of his argument by bringing together theories of self-regulation and skill acquisition, which he then uses as grounds to discuss virtue development as a process of skill acquisition. This account of virtue as skill has important implications for debates about virtue in both virtue ethics and virtue epistemology. Furthermore, it engages seriously with criticisms of virtue theory that arise in moral psychology, as psychological experiments reveal that there are many obstacles to acting and thinking well, even for those with the best of intentions. Stichter draws on self-regulation strategies and examples of deliberate practice in skill acquisition to show how we can overcome some of these obstacles, and become more skillful in our moral and epistemic virtues.

Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences

Thomas Pölzler
Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences Book PDF

Author : Thomas Pölzler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351383332

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Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences by Thomas Pölzler Pdf

Are there objective moral truths (things that are morally right or wrong independently of what anybody thinks about them)? To answer this question more and more scholars have recently begun to appeal to evidence from scientific disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, biology, and anthropology. This book investigates this novel scientific approach in a comprehensive, empirically focused, partly clarificatory, and partly metatheoretical way. It argues for two main theses. First, it is possible for the empirical sciences to contribute to the moral realism/anti-realism debate. And second, most appeals to science that have so far been proposed are insufficiently empirically substantiated. The book’s main chapters address four prominent science-based arguments for or against the existence of objective moral truths: the presumptive argument, the argument from moral disagreement, the sentimentalist argument, and the evolutionary debunking argument. For each of these arguments Thomas Pölzler first identifies the sense in which its underlying empirical hypothesis would have to be true in order for the argument to work. Then he shows that the available scientific evidence fails to support this hypothesis. Finally, he also makes suggestions as to how to test the hypothesis more validly in future scientific research. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences is an important contribution to the moral realism/anti-realism debate that will appeal both to philosophers and scientists interested in moral psychology and metaethics.

Current Controversies in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Adam J. Lerner,Simon Cullen,Sarah-Jane Leslie
Current Controversies in Philosophy of Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : Adam J. Lerner,Simon Cullen,Sarah-Jane Leslie
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-28
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 9781000063127

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Current Controversies in Philosophy of Cognitive Science by Adam J. Lerner,Simon Cullen,Sarah-Jane Leslie Pdf

Cognitive science is the study of minds and mental processes. Psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and philosophy, among other subdisciplines, contribute to this study. In this volume, leading researchers debate five core questions in the philosophy of cognitive science: Is an innate Universal Grammar required to explain our linguistic capacities? Are concepts innate or learned? What role do our bodies play in cognition? Can neuroscience help us understand the mind? Can cognitive science help us understand human morality? For each topic, the volume provides two essays, each advocating for an opposing approach. The editors provide study questions and suggested readings for each topic, helping to make the volume accessible to readers who are new to the debates.

Moral Psychology

Valerie Tiberius
Moral Psychology Book PDF

Author : Valerie Tiberius
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000901566

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Moral Psychology by Valerie Tiberius Pdf

Released in 2014, this was the first philosophy textbook in moral psychology, introducing students to a range of philosophical topics and debates such as: what is moral motivation? Do reasons for action always depend on desires? Is emotion or reason at the heart of moral judgment? Under what conditions are people morally responsible? Are there self-interested reasons for people to be moral? The Second Edition of Moral Psychology: A Contemporary Introduction, updates its responses to these questions, taking advantage of the explosion of recent research from philosophers and psychologists on these topics, and adding a chapter on the question of whether morality is innate or learned. As before, the book emphasizes the relationship between traditional and interdisciplinary approaches to moral psychology and aims to carefully explain how empirical research is (or is not) relevant to philosophical inquiry. The bulleted summaries, study questions, and lists for further readings at the end of each chapter have been updated. Key Updates to the Second Edition: Includes a new opening section on human nature, borrowing material from elsewhere in the book Adds a new chapter on evolutionary and developmental arguments for the innateness of morality Expands coverage of the challenges to psychological research, including the replication crisis and the WEIRDness challenge Provides a new section on implicit bias and moral responsibility Offers enhanced clarity and accessibility throughout Includes up-to-date further reading sections and bibliography

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Applications

Tipu Aziz,Alex Green
Deep Brain Stimulation DBS Applications Book PDF

Author : Tipu Aziz,Alex Green
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-23
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9783038425380

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Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Applications by Tipu Aziz,Alex Green Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Applications" that was published in Brain Sciences

Problems for Moral Debunkers

Peter Königs
Problems for Moral Debunkers Book PDF

Author : Peter Königs
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110750195

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Problems for Moral Debunkers by Peter Königs Pdf

One the most interesting debates in moral philosophy revolves around the significance of empirical moral psychology for moral philosophy. Genealogical arguments that rely on empirical findings about the origins of moral beliefs, so-called debunking arguments, take center stage in this debate. Looking at debunking arguments based on evidence from evolutionary moral psychology, experimental ethics and neuroscience, this book explores what ethicists can learn from the science of morality, and what they cannot. Among other things, the book offers a new take on the deontology/utilitarianism debate, discusses the usefulness of experiments in ethics, investigates whether morality should be thought of as a problem-solving device, shows how debunking arguments can tell us something about the structure of philosophical debate, and argues that debunking arguments lead to both moral and prudential skepticism. Presenting a new picture of the relationship between empirical moral psychology and moral philosophy, this book is essential reading for moral philosophers and moral psychologists alike.

The Language of Desire

Daniel Eggers
The Language of Desire Book PDF

Author : Daniel Eggers
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110733693

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The Language of Desire by Daniel Eggers Pdf

Expressivism has been dominating much of the metaethical debate of the past three decades. The aim of this book is to address a number of questions that have been neglected in the previous discussion.These primarily concern the psychological commitments and the methodological status of expressivism as well as important differences and similarities between the approaches of the ‘classic’ expressivists Ayer, Stevenson, Hare, Blackburn und Gibbard.

The Oxford Handbook of Virtue

Nancy E. Snow
The Oxford Handbook of Virtue Book PDF

Author : Nancy E. Snow
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 905 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199385195

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The Oxford Handbook of Virtue by Nancy E. Snow Pdf

The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have seen a renaissance in the study of virtue -- a topic that has prevailed in philosophical work since the time of Aristotle. Several major developments have conspired to mark this new age. Foremost among them, some argue, is the birth of virtue ethics, an approach to ethics that focuses on virtue in place of consequentialism (the view that normative properties depend only on consequences) or deontology (the study of what we have a moral duty to do). The emergence of new virtue theories also marks this new wave of work on virtue. Put simply, these are theories about what virtue is, and they include Kantian and utilitarian virtue theories. Concurrently, virtue ethics is being applied to other fields where it hasn't been used before, including bioethics and education. In addition to these developments, the study of virtue in epistemological theories has become increasingly widespread to the point that it has spawned a subfield known as 'virtue epistemology.' This volume therefore provides a representative overview of philosophical work on virtue. It is divided into seven parts: conceptualizations of virtue, historical and religious accounts, contemporary virtue ethics and theories of virtue, central concepts and issues, critical examinations, applied virtue ethics, and virtue epistemology. Forty-two chapters by distinguished scholars offer insights and directions for further research. In addition to philosophy, authors also deal with virtues in non-western philosophical traditions, religion, and psychological perspectives on virtue.

Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience

Grace Lee,Judy Illes,Frauke Ohl
Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Grace Lee,Judy Illes,Frauke Ohl
Publisher : Springer
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783662448663

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Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience by Grace Lee,Judy Illes,Frauke Ohl Pdf

Behavioral neuroscience encompasses the disciplines of neurobiology and psychology to study mechanisms of behavior. This volume provides a contemporary overview of the current state of how ethics informs behavioral neuroscience research. There is dual emphasis on ethical challenges in experimental animal approaches and in clinical and nonclinical research involving human participants.

Essays in Moral Skepticism

Richard Joyce
Essays in Moral Skepticism Book PDF

Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191077104

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Essays in Moral Skepticism by Richard Joyce Pdf

Moral skepticism is the denial that there is any such thing as moral knowledge. Some moral skeptics deny that moral judgments are beliefs; some allow that moral judgments are beliefs but claim that they are all untrue; others claim that all moral judgments are unjustified. Since the publication of The Myth of Morality in 2001, Richard Joyce has explored the terrain of moral skepticism and, perhaps more than any other living philosopher, has been willing to advocate versions of this radical view. Joyce's attitude toward morality is analogous to an atheist's attitude toward religion: he claims that in making moral judgments speakers attempt to state truths (e.g., that breaking promises is usually wrong) but that the world simply isn't furnished with the properties and relations necessary to render such judgments true. Moral thinking, he argues, probably emerged as a human adaptation, but one whose usefulness derived from its capacity to bolster social cohesion rather than its ability to track truths about the world. This forms the basis of Joyce's 'evolutionary debunking argument,' according to which evidence that a certain kind of judgment can be explained with no reference to its truth may reveal those judgments to lack warrant. Essays in Moral Skepticism gathers together a dozen of Joyce's most significant papers from the last decade, following the developments in his ideas, presenting responses to critics, and charting his exploration of the complex landscape of modern moral skepticism.

Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Law

Karolina Prochownik,Stefan Magen
Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Law Book PDF

Author : Karolina Prochownik,Stefan Magen
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350260177

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Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Law by Karolina Prochownik,Stefan Magen Pdf

Only recently have philosophers and psychologists begun to consider empirical research methods to inform questions and debates in legal philosophy. With the field ripe for further experimental inquiry, this collection explores the most topical empirical developments and anticipates future research directions. Bringing together legal scholars, psychologists, and philosophers, chapters address questions such as: Do people share a stable set of intuitions about what the law is? What are common perceptions about causation, intentionality, and culpability, and are they consistent with the corresponding legal concepts? To what extent can experimental research methods advance theoretical debates in legal philosophy about the nature of law? With fascinating implications for legal philosophy, ethics, and moral psychology, Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Law sets the agenda for the emerging field of experimental jurisprudence and will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners alike.

Criminal Law Without Punishment

Valerij Zisman
Criminal Law Without Punishment Book PDF

Author : Valerij Zisman
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783111027821

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Criminal Law Without Punishment by Valerij Zisman Pdf

How can criminal punishment be morally justified? Zisman addresses this classical question in legal philosophy. He provides two maybe surprising answers to the question. First, as for a methodological claim, it argues that this question cannot be answered by philosophers and legal scholars alone. Rather, we need to take into account research from social psychology, economy, anthropology, and so on in order to properly analyze the arguments in defense of criminal punishment. Second, the book argues that when such research is properly accounted for, none of the current attempts to justify criminal punishment succeed. But that does not imply that the state should do nothing about criminal wrongdoing. Rather, the arguments that were supposed to justify criminal punishment actually speak in favor of an alternative approach to criminal law: restitution to the victim and restorative justice. That is to say, the state should coerce offenders to provide restitution for the harm inflicted on victims, and whenever possible restorative approaches should be taken to address criminal wrongdoing.

On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice

J. Hermann
On Moral Certainty Justification and Practice Book PDF

Author : J. Hermann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137447180

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On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice by J. Hermann Pdf

Taking inspiration from the later Wittgenstein, On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice explores the practical basis of human morality. It offers an account of moral certainty, which it links with a view of moral competence. Drawing on everyday examples, it is shown how morality is grounded in action, not in reasoning.