Engineers And The Making Of The Francoist Regime

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Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime

Lino Camprubi
Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime Book PDF

Author : Lino Camprubi
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262323239

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Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime by Lino Camprubi Pdf

How engineers and agricultural scientists became key actors in Franco's regime and Spain's forced modernization. In this book, Lino Camprubí argues that science and technology were at the very center of the building of Franco's Spain. Previous histories of early Francoist science and technology have described scientists and engineers as working “under” Francoism, subject to censorship and bound by politically mandated research agendas. Camprubí offers a different perspective, considering instead scientists' and engineers' active roles in producing those political mandates. Many scientists and engineers had been exiled, imprisoned, or executed by the regime. Camprubí argues that those who remained made concrete the mission of “redemption” that Franco had invented for himself. This gave them the opportunity to become key actors—and mid-level decision makers—within the regime. Camprubí describes a series of projects across Spain undertaken by the civil engineers and agricultural scientists who placed themselves at the center of their country's forced modernization. These include a coal silo, built in 1953, viewed as an embodiment of Spain's industrialized landscape; links between laboratories, architects, and the national Catholic church (and between technology and authoritarian control); vertically organized rice production and research on genetics; river management and the contested meanings of self-sufficiency; and the circulation of construction standards by mobile laboratories as an engine for European integration. Separately, each chapter offers a fascinating microhistory that illustrates the coevolution of Francoist science, technology, and politics. Taken together, they reveal networks of people, institutions, knowledge, artifacts, and technological systems woven together to form a new state.

Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime

Lino Camprubí
Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime Book PDF

Author : Lino Camprubí
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780262027175

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Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime by Lino Camprubí Pdf

How engineers and agricultural scientists became key actors inFranco's regime and Spain's forced modernization.

The Politics of Chemistry

Agustí Nieto-Galan
The Politics of Chemistry Book PDF

Author : Agustí Nieto-Galan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108482431

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The Politics of Chemistry by Agustí Nieto-Galan Pdf

Nieto-Galan examines the political role of chemistry in twentieth-century Spain, enriching understandings of the relationship between science and power.

The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Engineering

Diane P. Michelfelder,Neelke Doorn
The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Engineering Book PDF

Author : Diane P. Michelfelder,Neelke Doorn
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 793 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351996563

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The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Engineering by Diane P. Michelfelder,Neelke Doorn Pdf

Engineering has always been a part of human life but has only recently become the subject matter of systematic philosophical inquiry. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Engineering presents the state-of-the-art of this field and lays a foundation for shaping future conversations within it. With a broad scholarly scope and 55 chapters contributed by both established experts and fresh voices in the field, the Handbook provides valuable insights into this dynamic and fast-growing field. The volume focuses on central issues and debates, established themes, and new developments in: Foundational perspectives Engineering reasoning Ontology Engineering design processes Engineering activities and methods Values in engineering Responsibilities in engineering practice Reimagining engineering The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Engineering will be of value for both students and active researchers in philosophy of engineering and in cognate fields (philosophy of technology, philosophy of design). It is also intended for engineers working both inside and outside of academia who would like to gain a more fundamental understanding of their particular professional field. The increasing development of new technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, and new interdisciplinary fields, such as human-computer interaction, calls not only for philosophical inquiry but also for engineers and philosophers to work in collaboration with one another. At the same time, the demands on engineers to respond to the challenges of world health, climate change, poverty, and other so-called "wicked problems" have also been on the rise. These factors, together with the fact that a host of questions concerning the processes by which technologies are developed have arisen, make the current Handbook a timely and valuable publication.

Engineering Trouble: US–Chinese Experiences of Professional Discontent, 1905–1945

Thorben Pelzer
Engineering Trouble US Chinese Experiences of Professional Discontent 1905 1945 Book PDF

Author : Thorben Pelzer
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004549555

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Engineering Trouble: US–Chinese Experiences of Professional Discontent, 1905–1945 by Thorben Pelzer Pdf

In the early twentieth century, the first large batch of Chinese civil engineers had graduated from the USA, and together with their American senior colleagues returned to China. They were enthusiastic about reconstructing the young republic by building new railways, highways, and canals, but what the engineers experienced in China, including mismanaged railways, useless highways, and silted canals, did not always meet their expectations and ideals. In this book, Thorben Pelzer makes the stories of these Chinese and American engineers come to life through exploring previously unpublished letters, rare images, maps, and a rich biographical dataset. He argues that the experiences of these engineers include a myriad of contradictions, disillusionment, and discontent, keeping the engineering profession in a constant flux of searching for its meaning and its place in Republican China.

Science, Culture and National Identity in Francoist Spain, 1939–1959

Marició Janué i Miret,Albert Presas i Puig
Science Culture and National Identity in Francoist Spain 1939 1959 Book PDF

Author : Marició Janué i Miret,Albert Presas i Puig
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030586461

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Science, Culture and National Identity in Francoist Spain, 1939–1959 by Marició Janué i Miret,Albert Presas i Puig Pdf

This book examines the role that science and culture held as instruments of nationalization policies during the first phase of the Franco regime in Spain. It considers the reciprocal relationship between political legitimacy and developments in science and culture, and explores the ‘nationalization’ efforts in Spain in the 1940s and 1950s, via the complex process of transmitting narratives of national identity, through ideas, representations and homogenizing practices. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the volume features insights into how scientific and cultural language and symbols were used to formulate national identity, through institutions, resource distribution and specific national policies. Split into five parts, the collection considers policies in the Francoist ‘New State’, the role of women in these debates, and perspectives on the nationalization and internationalization efforts that made use of scientific and cultural spheres. Chapters also feature insights into cinema, literature, cultural diplomacy, mathematics and technology in debates on Catalonia, the Nuclear Energy Board, the Spanish National Research Council, and how scientific tools in Spain in this era fed into wider geopolitics with America and onto the UNESCO stage.

Beyond the Lab and the Field

Eike-Christian Heine,Martin Meiske
Beyond the Lab and the Field Book PDF

Author : Eike-Christian Heine,Martin Meiske
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822987789

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Beyond the Lab and the Field by Eike-Christian Heine,Martin Meiske Pdf

Beyond the Lab and the Field analyzes infrastructures as intense sites of knowledge production in the Americas, Europe, and Asia since the late nineteenth century. Moving beyond classical places known for yielding scientific knowledge, chapters in this volume explore how the construction and maintenance of canals, highways, dams, irrigation schemes, the oil industry, and logistic networks intersected with the creation of know-how and expertise. Referred to by the authors as “scientific bonanzas,” such intersections reveal opportunities for great wealth, but also distress and misfortune. This volume explores how innovative technologies provided research opportunities for scientists and engineers, as they relied on expertise to operate, which resulted in enormous profits for some. But, like the history of any gold rush, the history of infrastructure also reveals how technologies of modernity transformed nature, disrupting communities and destroying the local environment. Focusing not on the victory march of science and technology but on ambivalent change, contributors consider the role of infrastructures for ecology, geology, archaeology, soil science, engineering, ethnography, heritage, and polar exploration. Together, they also examine largely overlooked perspectives on modernity: the reliance of infrastructure on knowledge, and infrastructures as places and occasions that inspired a greater understanding of the natural world and the technologically made environment.

A Companion to Spanish Environmental Cultural Studies

Luis I. Prádanos
A Companion to Spanish Environmental Cultural Studies Book PDF

Author : Luis I. Prádanos
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781855663695

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A Companion to Spanish Environmental Cultural Studies by Luis I. Prádanos Pdf

An exploration of how writers, artists, and filmmakers expose the costs and contest the assumptions of the Capitalocene era that guides readers through the rapidly developing field of Spanish environmental cultural studies. From the scars left by Franco's dams and mines to the toxic waste dumped in Equatorial Guinea, from the cruelty of the modern pork industry to the ravages of mass tourism in the Balearic Islands, this book delves into the power relations, material practices and social imaginaries underpinning the global economic system to uncover its unaffordable human and non-human costs. Guiding the reader through the rapidly emerging field of Spanish environmental cultural studies, with chapters on such topics as extractivism, animal studies, food studies, ecofeminism, decoloniality, critical race studies, tourism, and waste studies, an international team of US and European scholars show how Spanish writers, artists, and filmmakers have illuminated and contested the growth-oriented and neo-colonialist assumptions of the current Capitalocene era. Focussed on Spain, the volume also provides models for exploring the socioecological implications of cultural manifestations in other parts of the world.

Engineering Rules

JoAnne Yates,Craig N. Murphy
Engineering Rules Book PDF

Author : JoAnne Yates,Craig N. Murphy
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 439 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781421440033

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Engineering Rules by JoAnne Yates,Craig N. Murphy Pdf

Engineering Rules is a riveting global history of the people, processes, and organizations that created and maintain this nearly invisible infrastructure of today's economy, which is just as important as the state or the global market.

Molecular World

Catherine M. Jackson
Molecular World Book PDF

Author : Catherine M. Jackson
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262374484

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Molecular World by Catherine M. Jackson Pdf

A compelling and innovative account that reshapes our view of nineteenth-century chemistry, explaining a critical period in chemistry’s quest to understand and manipulate organic nature. According to existing histories, theory drove chemistry’s remarkable nineteenth-century development. In Molecular World, Catherine M. Jackson shows instead how novel experimental approaches combined with what she calls “laboratory reasoning” enabled chemists to bridge wet chemistry and abstract concepts and, in so doing, create the molecular world. Jackson introduces a series of practice-based breakthroughs that include chemistry’s move into lampworked glassware, the field’s turn to synthesis and subsequent struggles to characterize and differentiate the products of synthesis, and the gradual development of institutional chemical laboratories, an advance accelerated by synthesis and the dangers it introduced. Jackson’s historical reassessment emerges from the investigation of alkaloids by German chemists Justus Liebig, August Wilhelm Hofmann, and Albert Ladenburg. Stymied in his own research, Liebig steered his student Hofmann into pioneering synthesis as a new investigative method. Hofmann’s practice-based laboratory reasoning produced a major theoretical advance, but he failed to make alkaloids. That landmark fell to Ladenburg, who turned to cutting-edge theory only after his successful synthesis. In telling the story of these scientists and their peers, Jackson reveals organic synthesis as the ground chemists stood upon to forge a new relationship between experiment and theory—with far-reaching consequences for chemistry as a discipline.

Heredity Explored

Staffan Müller-Wille,Christina Brandt
Heredity Explored Book PDF

Author : Staffan Müller-Wille,Christina Brandt
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262034432

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Heredity Explored by Staffan Müller-Wille,Christina Brandt Pdf

This book examines the wide range of scientific and social arenas in which the concept of inheritance gained relevance in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although genetics emerged as a scientific discipline during this period, the idea of inheritance also played a role in a variety of medical, agricultural, industrial, and political contexts. The book, which follows an earlier collection, Heredity Produced (covering the period 1500 to 1870), addresses heredity in national debates over identity, kinship, and reproduction; biopolitical conceptions of heredity, degeneration, and gender; agro-industrial contexts for newly emerging genetic rationality; heredity and medical research; and the genealogical constructs and experimental systems of genetics that turned heredity into a representable and manipulable object. Taken together, the essays in Heredity Explored show that a history of heredity includes much more than the history of genetics, and that knowledge of heredity was always more than the knowledge formulated as Mendelism. It was the broader public discourse of heredity in all its contexts that made modern genetics possible.

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War

Naomi Oreskes,John Krige
Science and Technology in the Global Cold War Book PDF

Author : Naomi Oreskes,John Krige
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262526531

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Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by Naomi Oreskes,John Krige Pdf

Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson

Rational Action

William Thomas
Rational Action Book PDF

Author : William Thomas
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262324182

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Rational Action by William Thomas Pdf

The evolution of a set of fields—including operations research and systems analysis—intended to improve policymaking and explore the nature of rational decision-making. During World War II, the Allied military forces faced severe problems integrating equipment, tactics, and logistics into successful combat operations. To help confront these problems, scientists and engineers developed new means of studying which equipment designs would best meet the military's requirements and how the military could best use the equipment it had on hand. By 1941 they had also begun to gather and analyze data from combat operations to improve military leaders' ordinary planning activities. In Rational Action, William Thomas details these developments, and how they gave rise during the 1950s to a constellation of influential new fields—which he terms the “sciences of policy”—that included operations research, management science, systems analysis, and decision theory. Proponents of these new sciences embraced a variety of agendas. Some aimed to improve policymaking directly, while others theorized about how one decision could be considered more rational than another. Their work spanned systems engineering, applied mathematics, nuclear strategy, and the philosophy of science, and it found new niches in universities, in businesses, and at think tanks such as the RAND Corporation. The sciences of policy also took a prominent place in epic narratives told about the relationships among science, state, and society in an intellectual culture preoccupied with how technology and reason would shape the future. Thomas follows all these threads to illuminate and make new sense of the intricate relationships among scientific analysis, policymaking procedure, and institutional legitimacy at a crucial moment in British and American history.

The Genealogy of a Gene

Myles W. Jackson
The Genealogy of a Gene Book PDF

Author : Myles W. Jackson
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262028660

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The Genealogy of a Gene by Myles W. Jackson Pdf

The history of the CCR5 gene as a lens through which to view such issues as intellectual property, Big Pharma, personalized medicine, and race and genomics. In The Genealogy of a Gene, Myles Jackson uses the story of the CCR5 gene to investigate the interrelationships among science, technology, and society. Mapping the varied “genealogy” of CCR5—intellectual property, natural selection, Big and Small Pharma, human diversity studies, personalized medicine, ancestry studies, and race and genomics—Jackson links a myriad of diverse topics. The history of CCR5 from the 1990s to the present offers a vivid illustration of how intellectual property law has changed the conduct and content of scientific knowledge, and the social, political, and ethical implications of such a transformation. The CCR5 gene began as a small sequence of DNA, became a patented product of a corporation, and then, when it was found to be an AIDS virus co-receptor with a key role in the immune system, it became part of the biomedical research world—and a potential moneymaker for the pharmaceutical industry. When it was further discovered that a mutation of the gene found in certain populations conferred near-immunity to the AIDS virus, questions about race and genetics arose. Jackson describes these developments in the context of larger issues, including the rise of “biocapitalism,” the patentability of products of nature, the difference between U.S. and European patenting approaches, and the relevance of race and ethnicity to medical research.

The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain

María Jesús Santesmases
The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain Book PDF

Author : María Jesús Santesmases
Publisher : Springer
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319697185

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The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain by María Jesús Santesmases Pdf

This book reconstructs the early circulation of penicillin in Spain, a country exhausted by civil war (1936–1939), and oppressed by Franco’s dictatorship. Embedded in the post-war recovery, penicillin’s voyages through time and across geographies – professional, political and social – were both material and symbolic. This powerful antimicrobial captivated the imagination of the general public, medical practice, science and industry, creating high expectations among patients, who at times experienced little or no effect. Penicillin’s lack of efficacy against some microbes fueled the search for new wonder drugs and sustained a decades-long research agenda built on the post-war concept of development through scientific and technological achievements. This historical reconstruction of the social life of penicillin between the 1940s and 1980s – through the dictatorship to democratic transition – explores political, public, medical, experimental and gender issues, and the rise of antibiotic resistance.