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Essence of Political Manipulation by Nikolaos Zahariadis Pdf
This book takes an intriguingly original look at the dynamics of foreign policy making. Adopting a theory of political manipulation and using the case of Greek policy toward the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Nikolaos Zahariadis examines how human emotion and political institutions interact to produce cooperative and confrontational decisions. His findings have implications for policy makers, students of politics, and informed citizens who want to know how leaders manipulate ideas, emotions, and democratic institutions to make decisions that «win all the battles, but ultimately lose the war».
The Pragmatics of Manipulation in British and American Political Debates by Salwa Ibrahim Kamil,Fareed Hameed Al-Hindawi Pdf
The main concern of this work is to tackle manipulation in communicative events as one of the means used by politicians to achieve certain goals such as influencing the behavior, desire, belief and emotions of others to their self-interests without evident detection of their communicative intention. As a communicative event and from a pragmatic point of view, manipulation in the political field has not been given enough attention. Thus, this study scrutinizes the pragmatic aspects of manipulation in British and American political debates. As such, it sets itself the task of achieving several aims, the most important of which are: (1) specifying the pragmatic criterion/criteria according to whose presence a certain political debate is considered as manipulative, (2) identifying the manipulation types used by politicians and the pragmatic strategies via which each type is fulfilled, (3) exhibiting the whole pragmatic structure of manipulative, whether British or American, political debates, (4) pinpointing both the manipulative pragmatic strategies used to fulfill each sub-stage (component) and manipulative strategies adopted to attain all the sub-stages (components) of the entire pragmatic structure of manipulation, (5) highlighting the manipulative pragmatic strategies, the manipulative strategies, as well as the manipulation types highly resorted to by politicians in political debates, (6) showing transparent inter/intra-differences that can be detected in terms of the debater's employment of manipulation types, the whole pragmatic structure of manipulation, the manipulative pragmatic strategies, and the manipulative strategies used by the debaters, and (7) developing a pragmatic model for identifying the types of manipulation and the pragmatic strategies used to fulfill each type; in addition to another eclectic model to analyze the pragmatic structure and strategies of the data under scrutiny.
The Politics of Social Media Manipulation by Richard Rogers,Sabine Niederer Pdf
Disinformation and so-called fake news are contemporary phenomena with rich histories. Disinformation, or the willful introduction of false information for the purposes of causing harm, recalls infamous foreign interference operations in national media systems. Outcries over fake news, or dubious stories with the trappings of news, have coincided with the introduction of new media technologies that disrupt the publication, distribution and consumption of news -- from the so-called rumour-mongering broadsheets centuries ago to the blogosphere recently. Designating a news organization as fake, or der Lügenpresse, has a darker history, associated with authoritarian regimes or populist bombast diminishing the reputation of 'elite media' and the value of inconvenient truths. In a series of empirical studies, using digital methods and data journalism, we inquire into the extent to which social media have enabled the penetration of foreign disinformation operations, the widespread publication and spread of dubious content as well as extreme commentators with considerable followings attacking mainstream media as fake.
Written in the 16th century, The Prince remains one of the most influential books on political theory. Its author, Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian diplomat and political theorist, and is considered the father of modern political thought.
Presents an analysis of the lying behavior of political leaders, discussing the reasons why it occurs, the different types of lies, and the costs and benefits to the public and other countries that result from it, with examples from the recent past.
Manipulation and Ideologies in the Twentieth Century by Louis de Saussure,Peter Schulz Pdf
This book is a collection of 12 papers dealing with manipulation and ideology in the 20th century, mostly with reference to political speeches by the leaders of major totalitarian regimes, but also addressing propaganda within contemporary right-wing populism and western ideological rhetoric. This book aims at bringing together researchers in the field of ideology reproduction in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of speaker-favourable belief inculcation through language use. The book covers a wide range of theoretical perspectives, from psychosocial approaches and discourse analysis to semantics and cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. The book s central concern is to provide not only a reference work with up-to-date information on the analysis of manipulation in discourse but also a number of tools for the scholar, some of them being developed within theories originally not designed to address belief-change through language interpretation. Foreword by Frans van Eemeren.
Author : Christopher M. Weible,Samuel Workman Publisher : Taylor & Francis Page : 301 pages File Size : 40,6 Mb Release : 2022-04-28 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9781000564600
Methods of the Policy Process by Christopher M. Weible,Samuel Workman Pdf
The increasingly global study of policy processes faces challenges with scholars applying theories in radically different national and cultural contexts. Questions frequently arise about how to conduct policy process research comparatively and among this global community of scholars. Methods of the Policy Process is the first book to remedy this situation, not by establishing an orthodoxy or imposing upon the policy process community a rigid way of conducting research but, instead, by allowing the leading researchers in the different theoretical traditions a space to share the means by which they put their research into action. This edited volume serves as a companion volume and supplemental guide to the well-established Theories of the Policy Process, 4th Edition. Methods of the Policy Process acknowledges that growth and advancement in the study of the policy process is dependent not merely on conceptual and theoretical development, but also on developing and systematizing better methodological approaches to measurement and analysis. To maximize student engagement with the material, each chapter follows a similar framework: introduction of a given theory of the policy process, application of that theory (including best practices for research design, conceptualization, major data sources, data collection, and methodological approaches), critical assessment, future directions, and often online resources (including datasets, survey instruments, and interview and coding protocols). While the structure and focus of each chapter varies slightly according to the theoretical tradition being discussed, each chapter's central aim is to prepare readers to confidently undertake common methodological strategies themselves. Methods of the Policy Process is especially beneficial to people new to the field, including students enrolled in policy process courses, as well as those without access to formal training. For scholars experienced in applying theories, this edited volume is a helpful reference to clarify best practices in research methods.
Why Governments and Parties Manipulate Elections by Alberto Simpser Pdf
Why do parties and governments cheat in elections they cannot lose? This book documents the widespread use of blatant and excessive manipulation of elections and explains what drives this practice. Alberto Simpser shows that, in many instances, elections are about more than winning. Electoral manipulation is not only a tool used to gain votes, but also a means of transmitting or distorting information. This manipulation conveys an image of strength, shaping the behavior of citizens, bureaucrats, politicians, parties, unions and businesspeople to the benefit of the manipulators, increasing the scope for the manipulators to pursue their goals while in government and mitigating future challenges to their hold on power. Why Governments and Parties Manipulate Elections provides a general theory about what drives electoral manipulation and empirically documents global patterns of manipulation.
Human Manipulation Modes by Olga Skorbatyuk,Kate Bazilevsky Pdf
Do you think that no one can control you? Well, we sincerely feel sorry for you because it means that you do not know anything about natural manipulation modes. No one thought up manipulation modes, as it is a purely natural mechanism, which is built into psyche of every human being at the level of unconditioned reflexes and instincts. Therefore, no human being can resist their application. Using technological terms, manipulation modes are the "factory settings" of Mother Nature itself; they are built into the structure of psyche of Homo sapiens at the level of instincts and unconditioned reflexes—meaning, inborn reactions of an organism to certain influences of the external or the internal environment. Manipulation modes are implanted in the unconscious part of human psyche since birth. Any representative of the biological type Homo sapiens has three of these modes: suppressing, balancing and stimulating. Originally, they are modes of self-correction and self-regulation intended to ensure that a human could regulate the state of his psychophysiology and behavior from within himself. However, as it turned out, if you know natural manipulation modes of an individual, and transmit them towards him/her from the outside, then he/she becomes one hundred percent controllable like a robot-machine. It is a priori impossible to notice the influence of application of natural manipulation modes of a human. The influence bypasses consciousness and intellect of the subject of manipulation. No one is able to notice transmittance of natural manipulation modes towards him/her, regardless of his/her professional skills, educational level, life experience and intuition, as these modes are an inherent part of individual structure of human psyche. They are his/her own, native; what is called—"closer than skin." Probably, the unprecedented power of this tool and its effectiveness are due to that it is a nature’s creation. Nobody invented or developed manipulation modes. Information about this natural mechanism and practical tool for managing a human are of a very archaic origin. Both were accidentally found by a Russian researcher-sinologist Andrey Davydov, while he was studying one very ancient source. The title of this source is 山海經 Shan Hai Jing (translated from Chinese as the Catalog of Mountains and Seas). Authorship and the exact dating of Shan Hai Jing are still unknown. However, according to some experts, it dates back to XXIII century BC. The existence of this text has long been known. The ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius (IV-V centuries BC) was familiar with it, but prior to the discovery made by Andrey Davydov no one even supposed what kind of information is encrypted in this ancient source. However, despite that the researcher was able to uncover the secret of Shan Hai Jing and find out that this ancient Chinese monument is nothing other than the original "instruction to Homo sapiens," the description of a blueprint, pattern of human psyche—this source still remains mysterious. At least because it is still unknown who left the writings with this knowledge to people. We think that it is easy to conclude from everything stated above that your favorite mantra "It is impossible to manipulate me" will no longer help you. Despite that your fantasies about being unmanageable will remain with you and just like before you will feel absolute freedom, independence and randomness of all of your actions—if someone will want you to, then you will twitch like a puppet on invisible strings. All that now remains in your power it to decide whether to continue being a subject for someone's manipulations or to choose the position of a manipulator. There is no third option anymore. However, we are not suggesting to believe in that this is really the case. We never urge anyone to believe (including us) because we know that faith is one of the factors, which has a very harmful effect on human psychophysiology. We are offering a different life principle: knowledge. And, for this reason, we provided one of the 3 manipulation modes of people who were born on October 12th of leap years or October 13th of common years at the end of this book for free. This manipulation scenario is of their suppressing manipulation mode. Act out this scenario to people with these dates of birth and make certain that the Catalog of human population really exists.
A Modern Guide to the Multiple Streams Framework by Nikolaos Zahariadis,Nicole Herweg,Reimut Zohlnhöfer,Evangelia Petridou Pdf
Applying the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to a global range of case studies, this pioneering Modern Guide addresses how policymakers decide what issues to attend to and which choices to make or implement. In doing so it outlines that, far from being the exception, ambiguity and timing are integral parts of every comparative explanation of the policy process.
National and European Foreign Policy by Reuben Wong,Christopher Hill Pdf
National and European Foreign Policy explores the processes of interaction between the national and the European levels in foreign policy making in European Union states. The volume also assesses the mutual influence which the Member States exert on each other, independent of the EU institutions, thus tracing the extent to which Member State foreign policies are being Europeanized into more convergent, coordinated policies. With chapters examining France, Germany, Italy, UK, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Finland, Poland and Slovenia, the overarching questions the volume addresses centre on the nature of the relationship between the foreign policies of the Member States and ‘European’ foreign policy. Engaging with ‘Europeanization’ with theoretical rigour, the contributors to this volume examine the EU’s impact on the foreign policies of Member States old and new, the impact of the Member States on the EU’s external relations, and the influence of the Member States on each other’s foreign policies. Providing interesting detail on changes in foreign policy thinking and national policies using the concept of Europeanization, National and European Foreign Policy will be of interest to students and scholars of European politics and policy formation, foreign policy and International Relations.
The Pragmatics of Manipulation in British and American Political Debates by Waleed Ridha Al-Juwaid,Salwa Ibrahim Kamil,Fareed Hameed Al-Hindawi Pdf
The main concern of this work is to tackle manipulation in communicative events as one of the means used by politicians to achieve certain goals such as influencing the behavior, desire, belief and emotions of others to their self-interests without evident detection of their communicative intention. As a communicative event and from a pragmatic point of view, manipulation in the political field has not been given enough attention. Thus, this study scrutinizes the pragmatic aspects of manipulation in British and American political debates. As such, it sets itself the task of achieving several aims, the most important of which are: (1) specifying the pragmatic criterion/criteria according to whose presence a certain political debate is considered as manipulative, (2) identifying the manipulation types used by politicians and the pragmatic strategies via which each type is fulfilled, (3) exhibiting the whole pragmatic structure of manipulative, whether British or American, political debates, (4) pinpointing both the manipulative pragmatic strategies used to fulfill each sub-stage (component) and manipulative strategies adopted to attain all the sub-stages (components) of the entire pragmatic structure of manipulation, (5) highlighting the manipulative pragmatic strategies, the manipulative strategies, as well as the manipulation types highly resorted to by politicians in political debates, (6) showing transparent inter/intra-differences that can be detected in terms of the debater's employment of manipulation types, the whole pragmatic structure of manipulation, the manipulative pragmatic strategies, and the manipulative strategies used by the debaters, and (7) developing a pragmatic model for identifying the types of manipulation and the pragmatic strategies used to fulfill each type; in addition to another eclectic model to analyze the pragmatic structure and strategies of the data under scrutiny.
The Constitution of Knowledge by Jonathan Rauch Pdf
Arming Americans to defend the truth from today's war on facts “In what could be the timeliest book of the year, Rauch aims to arm his readers to engage with reason in an age of illiberalism.” —Newsweek A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice Disinformation. Trolling. Conspiracies. Social media pile-ons. Campus intolerance. On the surface, these recent additions to our daily vocabulary appear to have little in common. But together, they are driving an epistemic crisis: a multi-front challenge to America's ability to distinguish fact from fiction and elevate truth above falsehood. In 2016 Russian trolls and bots nearly drowned the truth in a flood of fake news and conspiracy theories, and Donald Trump and his troll armies continued to do the same. Social media companies struggled to keep up with a flood of falsehoods, and too often didn't even seem to try. Experts and some public officials began wondering if society was losing its grip on truth itself. Meanwhile, another new phenomenon appeared: “cancel culture.” At the push of a button, those armed with a cellphone could gang up by the thousands on anyone who ran afoul of their sanctimony. In this pathbreaking book, Jonathan Rauch reaches back to the parallel eighteenth-century developments of liberal democracy and science to explain what he calls the “Constitution of Knowledge”—our social system for turning disagreement into truth. By explicating the Constitution of Knowledge and probing the war on reality, Rauch arms defenders of truth with a clearer understanding of what they must protect, why they must do—and how they can do it. His book is a sweeping and readable description of how every American can help defend objective truth and free inquiry from threats as far away as Russia and as close as the cellphone.
On the Abolition of All Political Parties by Simone Weil Pdf
An NYRB Classics Original Simone Weil—philosopher, activist, mystic—is one of the most uncompromising of modern spiritual masters. In “On the Abolition of All Political Parties” she challenges the foundation of the modern liberal political order, making an argument that has particular resonance today, when the apathy and anger of the people and the self-serving partisanship of the political class present a threat to democracies all over the world. Dissecting the dynamic of power and propaganda caused by party spirit, the increasing disregard for truth in favor of opinion, and the consequent corruption of education, journalism, and art, Weil forcefully makes the case that a true politics can only begin where party spirit ends. This volume also includes an admiring portrait of Weil by the great poet Czeslaw Milosz and an essay about Weil’s friendship with Albert Camus by the translator Simon Leys.
