Ethical And Philosophical Consideration Of The Dual Use Dilemma In The Biological Sciences

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Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences

Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid
Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences Book PDF

Author : Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402083129

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Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences by Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid Pdf

What Is the Dual-Use Dilemma? The so-called “dual-use dilemma” arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of sci- tific research sometimes has the potential to be used for harm as well as for good. A dual-use dilemma is an ethical dilemma, and an ethical dilemma for the researcher (and for those who have the power or authority to assist or impede the researcher’s work, e. g. , governments). It is an ethical dilemma since it is about promoting good in the context of the potential for also causing harm, e. g. , the p- motion of health in the context of providing the wherewithal for the killing of in- cents. It is an ethical dilemma for the researcher not because he or she is aiming at anything other than a good outcome; typically, the researcher intends no harm, but only good. Rather, the dilemma arises for the researcher because of the potential actions of others. Malevolent non-researchers might steal dangerous biological agents produced by the researcher; alternatively, other researchers—or at least their governments or leadership—might use the results of the original researcher’s work for malevolent purposes. The malevolent purposes in question include bioterrorism, biowarfare and blackmail for financial gain.

On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics

Michael J. Selgelid,Brian Rappert
On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Selgelid,Brian Rappert
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781925021349

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On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics by Michael J. Selgelid,Brian Rappert Pdf

Claims about the transformations enabled by modern science and medicine have been accompanied by an unsettling question in recent years: might the knowledge being produced undermine – rather than further – human and animal well being? On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics examines the potential for the skills, know-how, information, and techniques associated with modern biology to serve contrasting ends. In recognition of the moral ambiguity of science and technology, each chapter considers steps that might be undertaken to prevent the deliberate spread of disease. Central to achieving this aim is the consideration of what role ethics might serve. To date, the ethical analysis of the themes of this volume has been limited. This book remedies this situation by bringing together contributors from a broad range of backgrounds to address a highly important ethical issue confronting humanity during the 21st century.

Dual Use Science and Technology, Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction

Seumas Miller
Dual Use Science and Technology Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction Book PDF

Author : Seumas Miller
Publisher : Springer
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319926063

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Dual Use Science and Technology, Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction by Seumas Miller Pdf

This book deals with the problem of dual-use science research and technology. It first explains the concept of dual use and then offers analyses of collective knowledge and collective ignorance. It goes on to present a theory of collective responsibility, followed by four chapters focusing on a particular scientific field or industry of dual use concern: the chemical industry, the nuclear industry, cyber-technology and the biological sciences. The problem of dual-use science research and technology arises because such research and technology has the potential to be used for great evil as well as for great good. On the one hand, knowledge is a necessary condition, and perhaps a constitutive feature, of technologies that contribute greatly to individual and collective well-being. Consider, for example, nuclear technology that enables the generation of low cost electricity in populations without obvious alternative energy sources. So technological knowledge is a good thing and ignorance of it a bad thing. On the other hand, these same technologies can be extremely harmful to individuals and collectives, as with the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. So, at least with respect to some technologies evidently knowledge is a bad thing and ignorance a good thing. Accordingly, the question arises as to whether we ought to limit scientific research and/or the development of technology and, if so, which research or technology, in what manner and to what extent. This book examines the answer to that question.

Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity

Ron Iphofen
Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity Book PDF

Author : Ron Iphofen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3030167585

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Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity by Ron Iphofen Pdf

This handbook is a ‘one-stop shop’ for current information, issues and challenges in the fields of research ethics and scientific integrity. It provides a comprehensive coverage of research and integrity issues, both within researchers’ ‘home’ discipline and in relation to similar concerns in other disciplines. The handbook covers common elements shared by disciplines and research professions, such as consent, privacy, data management, fraud, and plagiarism. The handbook also includes contributions and perspectives from academics from various disciplines, treating issues specific to their fields. Readers are able to quickly source the most comprehensive and up-to-date information, protagonists, issues and challenges in the field. Experienced researchers keen to assess their own perspectives, as well as novice researchers aiming to establish the field, will equally find the handbook of interest and practical benefit. It saves them a great deal of time in sourcing the disparate available material in these fields and it is the first ‘port of call’ for a wide range of researchers, research advisors, funding agencies and research reviewers.The most important feature is the handbook’s ability to provide practical advice and guidance to researchers in a wide range of disciplines and professions to help them ‘think through’ their approach to difficult questions related to the principles, values and standards they need to bring to their research practice.

The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences

Ruth Ellen Bulger
The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences Book PDF

Author : Ruth Ellen Bulger
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1993-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : UCSD:31822016895351

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The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences by Ruth Ellen Bulger Pdf

This is the first systematically organised anthology on responsible conduct in scientific research aimed at students and practising researchers in the biological sciences. It has been designed in response to the increasing concern to teach graduate students about ethical issues in the biological sciences. The book contains classic essays and other published material and is carefully structured to explore a range of subjects: the qualifications for authorship; plagiarism; the use of human beings and animals in research; the norms of ethical conduct in science; scientific honesty and its relationship to gullibility and self-deception; ethical issues in laboratory work; the relation between science and society; the ethics of teaching and learning. The volume also provides insights into issues often not formally considered in graduate science education such as methods of scientific investigation, scientific paradigms and the creative process.

Bio-Inspired Innovation and National Security

National Defense University
Bio Inspired Innovation and National Security Book PDF

Author : National Defense University
Publisher : NDU Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780390406

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Bio-Inspired Innovation and National Security by National Defense University Pdf

Despite the vital importance of the emerging area of biotechnology and its role in defense planning and policymaking, no definitive book has been written on the topic for the defense policymaker, the military student, and the private-sector bioscientist interested in the "emerging opportunities market" of national security. This edited volume is intended to help close this gap and provide the necessary backdrop for thinking strategically about biology in defense planning and policymaking. This volume is about applications of the biological sciences, here called "biologically inspired innovations," to the military. Rather than treating biology as a series of threats to be dealt with, such innovations generally approach the biological sciences as a set of opportunities for the military to gain strategic advantage over adversaries. These opportunities range from looking at everything from genes to brains, from enhancing human performance to creating renewable energy, from sensing the environment around us to harnessing its power.

Biometric Identification, Law and Ethics

Marcus Smith,Seumas Miller
Biometric Identification Law and Ethics Book PDF

Author : Marcus Smith,Seumas Miller
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030902568

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Biometric Identification, Law and Ethics by Marcus Smith,Seumas Miller Pdf

This book is open access. This book undertakes a multifaceted and integrated examination of biometric identification, including the current state of the technology, how it is being used, the key ethical issues, and the implications for law and regulation. The five chapters examine the main forms of contemporary biometrics–fingerprint recognition, facial recognition and DNA identification– as well the integration of biometric data with other forms of personal data, analyses key ethical concepts in play, including privacy, individual autonomy, collective responsibility, and joint ownership rights, and proposes a raft of principles to guide the regulation of biometrics in liberal democracies. Biometric identification technology is developing rapidly and being implemented more widely, along with other forms of information technology. As products, services and communication moves online, digital identity and security is becoming more important. Biometric identification facilitates this transition. Citizens now use biometrics to access a smartphone or obtain a passport; law enforcement agencies use biometrics in association with CCTV to identify a terrorist in a crowd, or identify a suspect via their fingerprints or DNA; and companies use biometrics to identify their customers and employees. In some cases the use of biometrics is governed by law, in others the technology has developed and been implemented so quickly that, perhaps because it has been viewed as a valuable security enhancement, laws regulating its use have often not been updated to reflect new applications. However, the technology associated with biometrics raises significant ethical problems, including in relation to individual privacy, ownership of biometric data, dual use and, more generally, as is illustrated by the increasing use of biometrics in authoritarian states such as China, the potential for unregulated biometrics to undermine fundamental principles of liberal democracy. Resolving these ethical problems is a vital step towards more effective regulation.

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism

National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology
Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309089777

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Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology Pdf

In recent years much has happened to justify an examination of biological research in light of national security concerns. The destructive application of biotechnology research includes activities such as spreading common pathogens or transforming them into even more lethal forms. Policymakers and the scientific community at large must put forth a vigorous and immediate response to this challenge. This new book by the National Research Council recommends that the government expand existing regulations and rely on self-governance by scientists rather than adopt intrusive new policies. One key recommendation of the report is that the government should not attempt to regulate scientific publishing but should trust scientists and journals to screen their papers for security risks, a task some journals have already taken up. With biological information and tools widely distributed, regulating only U.S. researchers would have little effect. A new International Forum on Biosecurity should encourage the adoption of similar measures around the world. Seven types of risky studies would require approval by the Institutional Biosafety Committees that already oversee recombinant DNA research at some 400 U.S. institutions. These "experiments of concern" include making an infectious agent more lethal and rendering vaccines powerless.

What is Scientific Knowledge?

Kevin McCain,Kostas Kampourakis
What is Scientific Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Kevin McCain,Kostas Kampourakis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351336611

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What is Scientific Knowledge? by Kevin McCain,Kostas Kampourakis Pdf

What Is Scientific Knowledge? is a much-needed collection of introductory-level chapters on the epistemology of science. Renowned historians, philosophers, science educators, and cognitive scientists have authored 19 original contributions specifically for this volume. The chapters, accessible for students in both philosophy and the sciences, serve as helpful introductions to the primary debates surrounding scientific knowledge. First-year undergraduates can readily understand the variety of discussions in the volume, and yet advanced students and scholars will encounter chapters rich enough to engage their many interests. The variety and coverage in this volume make it the perfect choice for the primary text in courses on scientific knowledge. It can also be used as a supplemental book in classes in epistemology, philosophy of science, and other related areas. Key features: * an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the epistemology of science for a wide variety of students (both undergraduate- and graduate-level) and researchers * written by an international team of senior researchers and the most promising junior scholars * addresses several questions that students and lay people interested in science may already have, including questions about how scientific knowledge is gained, its nature, and the challenges it faces.

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Globalization Biosecurity and the Future of the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309164757

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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats Pdf

Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Jonathan B. Tucker
Innovation Dual Use and Security Book PDF

Author : Jonathan B. Tucker
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262300896

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Innovation, Dual Use, and Security by Jonathan B. Tucker Pdf

A framework for assessing the security risks of emerging dual-use technologies and devising tailored governance strategies is proposed and applied to contemporary case studies. Recent advances in disciplines such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and neuropharmacology entail a “dual-use dilemma” because they promise benefits for human health and welfare yet pose the risk of misuse for hostile purposes. The emerging field of synthetic genomics, for example, can produce custom DNA molecules for life-saving drugs but also makes possible the creation of deadly viral agents for biological warfare or terrorism. The challenge for policymakers is to prevent the misuse of these new technologies without forgoing their benefits. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a systematic approach for managing the dual-use dilemma. The book presents a “decision framework” for assessing the security risks of emerging technologies and fashioning governance strategies to manage those risks. This framework is applied to fourteen contemporary case studies, including synthetic genomics, DNA shuffling and directed evolution, combinatorial chemistry, protein engineering, immunological modulation, and aerosol vaccines. The book also draws useful lessons from two historical cases: the development of the V-series nerve agents in Britain and the use and misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a comprehensive, multifaceted introduction to the challenges of governing dual-use technologies in an era of rapid innovation. The book will be of interest to government officials and other practitioners as well as to students and scholars in security studies, science and technology studies, biology, and chemistry.

Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences

Brian Rappert
Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : Brian Rappert
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2010-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781921666391

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Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences by Brian Rappert Pdf

At the start of the twenty-first century, warnings have been raised in some quarters about how - by intent or by mishap - advances in biotechnology and related fields could aid the spread of disease. Science academics, medical organisations, governments, security analysts, and others are among those that have sought to raise concern. EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES examines a variety of attempts to bring greater awareness to security concerns associated with the life sciences. It identifies lessons from practical initiatives across a wide range of national contexts as well as more general reflections about education and ethics. The eighteen contributors bring together perspectives from a diverse range of fields - including politics, virology, sociology, ethics, security studies, microbiology, and medicine - as well as their experiences in universities, think tanks and government. In offering their assessment about what must be done and by whom, each chapter addresses a host of challenging practical and conceptual questions. EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES will be of interest to those planning and undertaking training activities in other areas. In asking how education and ethics are being made to matter in an emerging area of social unease, it will also be of interest to those with more general concerns about professional conduct.

Evaluating New Technologies

Paul Sollie,Marcus Düwell
Evaluating New Technologies Book PDF

Author : Paul Sollie,Marcus Düwell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789048122295

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Evaluating New Technologies by Paul Sollie,Marcus Düwell Pdf

human practices? How are we to morally evaluate technology developments that have open horizons, encompass uncertainties, and lack control? Technology is in- uential on society; technological innovations act upon the perception of ourselves, the world, and our relation with fellow humans and other objects. Technology is changing everything we do by creating new entities (such as software, nanop- ticles, or Internet), by changing the scale of activities (e. g. vast amounts of data about people can be stored and analysed, and not infrequently without people - ing aware of this), by generating new kinds of knowledge (for instance about i- nesses, the human genome and so on). Technologies, as a consequence, impinge upon our morality and for this reason an ethics of technology should not wait passively until moral problems arise and not only focus on identi ed and exi- ing moral problems, but contemplate technology developments and possible - pacts proactively. However, this is easier said than done, because a prospective and proactive evaluation of technology developments is complicated by complexity and uncertainty. The uncertainty of technology development is closely related to one of the str- ing features of technology, namely what Jim Moor has coined logical malleability. (1985, 269) Technological devices are logically malleable in that they can be shaped to do any activity that can be characterised in terms of logical operations.

Perspectives on Ignorance from Moral and Social Philosophy

Rik Peels
Perspectives on Ignorance from Moral and Social Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Rik Peels
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317369554

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Perspectives on Ignorance from Moral and Social Philosophy by Rik Peels Pdf

This edited collection focuses on the moral and social dimensions of ignorance—an undertheorized category in analytic philosophy. Contributors address such issues as the relation between ignorance and deception, ignorance as a moral excuse, ignorance as a legal excuse, and the relation between ignorance and moral character. In the moral realm, ignorance is sometimes considered as an excuse; some specific kind of ignorance seems to be implied by a moral character; and ignorance is closely related to moral risk. Ignorance has certain social dimensions as well: it has been claimed to be the engine of science; it seems to be entailed by privacy and secrecy; and it is widely thought to constitute a legal excuse in certain circumstances. Together, these contributions provide a sustained inquiry into the nature of ignorance and the pivotal role it plays in the moral and social domains.

Synthetic Biology and iGEM: Techniques, Development and Safety Concerns

Kang Ning,Yi Zhan
Synthetic Biology and iGEM Techniques Development and Safety Concerns Book PDF

Author : Kang Ning,Yi Zhan
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819924608

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Synthetic Biology and iGEM: Techniques, Development and Safety Concerns by Kang Ning,Yi Zhan Pdf

This book focuses on biological engineering techniques, multi-omics big-data integration, and data-mining techniques, as well as cutting-edge researches in principles and applications of several synthetic biology applications. Synthetic biology is a new research area, while it has been rooted from the long-established area including biological engineering, metabolite engineering, and systems biology. This book will discuss the following aspects: (1) introduction to synthetic biology and iGEM, especially focusing on the systematic design, rational engineering, and sustainability of design in the omics ages; (2) synthetic biology–related multi-omics data integration and data mining techniques; (3) the technical issues, development issues, and safety issues of synthetic biology; (4) data resources, web services, and visualizations for synthetic biology; and (5) advancement in concrete research on synthetic biology, with several case studies shown. Devised as a book on synthetic biology research and education in the omics age, this book has put focuses on systematic design, rational engineering, and sustainability of design for synthetic biology, which will explain in detail and with supportive examples the “What,” “Why,” and “How” of the topic. It is an attempt to bridge the gap between synthetic biology’s research and education side, for best practice of synthetic biology and in-depth insights for the related questions.