Globalization Biosecurity And The Future Of The Life Sciences

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2006-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309164757

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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats Pdf

Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Biological warfare
ISBN : 0309101182

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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2006-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309100328

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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats Pdf

Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309089777

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Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology Pdf

In recent years much has happened to justify an examination of biological research in light of national security concerns. The destructive application of biotechnology research includes activities such as spreading common pathogens or transforming them into even more lethal forms. Policymakers and the scientific community at large must put forth a vigorous and immediate response to this challenge. This new book by the National Research Council recommends that the government expand existing regulations and rely on self-governance by scientists rather than adopt intrusive new policies. One key recommendation of the report is that the government should not attempt to regulate scientific publishing but should trust scientists and journals to screen their papers for security risks, a task some journals have already taken up. With biological information and tools widely distributed, regulating only U.S. researchers would have little effect. A new International Forum on Biosecurity should encourage the adoption of similar measures around the world. Seven types of risky studies would require approval by the Institutional Biosafety Committees that already oversee recombinant DNA research at some 400 U.S. institutions. These "experiments of concern" include making an infectious agent more lethal and rendering vaccines powerless.

Author : American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309141802

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A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education Pdf

The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks-that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on a New Government-University Partnership for Science and Security
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309179553

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Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on a New Government-University Partnership for Science and Security Pdf

Based on a series of regional meetings on university campuses with officials from the national security community and academic research institutions, this report identifies specific actions that should be taken to maintain a thriving scientific research environment in an era of heightened security concerns. Actions include maintaining the open exchange of scientific information, fostering a productive environment for international scholars in the U.S., reexamining federal definitions of sensitive but unclassified research, and reviewing policies on deemed export controls. The federal government should establish a standing entity, preferably a Science and Security Commission, that would review policies regarding the exchange of information and the participation of foreign-born scientists and students in research.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309458887

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management Pdf

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Future Biotechnology Products and Opportunities to Enhance Capabilities of the Biotechnology Regulatory System
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309452052

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Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Future Biotechnology Products and Opportunities to Enhance Capabilities of the Biotechnology Regulatory System Pdf

Between 1973 and 2016, the ways to manipulate DNA to endow new characteristics in an organism (that is, biotechnology) have advanced, enabling the development of products that were not previously possible. What will the likely future products of biotechnology be over the next 5â€"10 years? What scientific capabilities, tools, and/or expertise may be needed by the regulatory agencies to ensure they make efficient and sound evaluations of the likely future products of biotechnology? Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology analyzes the future landscape of biotechnology products and seeks to inform forthcoming policy making. This report identifies potential new risks and frameworks for risk assessment and areas in which the risks or lack of risks relating to the products of biotechnology are well understood.

Author : Daniel M Gerstein
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781612510200

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Bioterror in the 21st Century by Daniel M Gerstein Pdf

Daniel Gerstein draws on twenty-nine years of experience in the security and defense sectors to address the threat of bioterrorism in the twenty-first century. He warns that while the proliferation of knowledge and capabilities in the field of biotechnology offers ever-increasing opportunities for scientific breakthroughs, the potential for the misuse of that knowledge also increases. Gerstein takes a classic game theory approach in his analysis of the potential for a bioterror attack in the future. His examination provides an objective capability for assessing threats, understanding emerging trends, and developing mitigation strategies. However, in the end the book is less about predicting future behavior than about understanding the framework in which dangerous capabilities are allowed to proliferate. The study also makes a valuable contribution to the debate over perceived threats and vulnerabilities in this new global environment.

Author : Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402083129

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Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences by Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid Pdf

What Is the Dual-Use Dilemma? The so-called “dual-use dilemma” arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of sci- tific research sometimes has the potential to be used for harm as well as for good. A dual-use dilemma is an ethical dilemma, and an ethical dilemma for the researcher (and for those who have the power or authority to assist or impede the researcher’s work, e. g. , governments). It is an ethical dilemma since it is about promoting good in the context of the potential for also causing harm, e. g. , the p- motion of health in the context of providing the wherewithal for the killing of in- cents. It is an ethical dilemma for the researcher not because he or she is aiming at anything other than a good outcome; typically, the researcher intends no harm, but only good. Rather, the dilemma arises for the researcher because of the potential actions of others. Malevolent non-researchers might steal dangerous biological agents produced by the researcher; alternatively, other researchers—or at least their governments or leadership—might use the results of the original researcher’s work for malevolent purposes. The malevolent purposes in question include bioterrorism, biowarfare and blackmail for financial gain.

Author : Benjamin D. Trump,Marie-Valentine Florin,Edward Perkins,Igor Linkov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Biomedical engineering
ISBN : 9789402420869

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Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology by Benjamin D. Trump,Marie-Valentine Florin,Edward Perkins,Igor Linkov Pdf

Synthetic biology is a field of biotechnology that is rapidly growing in various applications, such as in medicine, environmental sustainability, and energy production. However these technologies also have unforeseen risks and applications to humans and the environment. This open access book presents discussions on risks and mitigation strategies for these technologies including biosecurity, or the potential of synthetic biology technologies and processes to be deliberately misused for nefarious purposes. The book presents strategies to prevent, mitigate, and recover from 'dual-use concern' biosecurity challenges that may be raised by individuals, rogue states, or non-state actors. Several key topics are explored including opportunities to develop more coherent and scalable approaches to govern biosecurity from a laboratory perspective up to the international scale and strategies to prevent potential health and environmental hazards posed by deliberate misuse of synthetic biology without stifling innovation. The book brings together the expertise of top scholars in synthetic biology and biotechnology risk assessment, management, and communication to discuss potential biosecurity governing strategies and offer perspectives for collaboration in oversight and future regulatory guidance.

Author : InterAcademy Partnership
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400881154

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Doing Global Science by InterAcademy Partnership Pdf

An essential introduction to the responsible conduct of science in today's interconnected world This concise introductory guide explains the values that should inform the responsible conduct of scientific research in today's global setting. Featuring accessible discussions and ample real-world scenarios, Doing Global Science covers proper conduct, fraud and bias, the researcher's responsibilities to society, communication with the public, and much more. The book places special emphasis on the international and highly networked environment in which modern research is done, presenting science as an enterprise that is being transformed by globalization, interdisciplinary research projects, team science, and information technologies. Accessibly written by an InterAcademy Partnership committee comprised of leading scientists from around the world, Doing Global Science is required reading for students, practitioners, and anyone concerned about the responsible conduct of science today. Provides practical guidance and instructions for doing scientific research in today's global setting Covers everything from responsible conduct to communication with the public Features numerous real-world scenarios drawn from an array of disciplines and national contexts Focuses on issues commonly encountered in international collaborations Written by a panel of leading experts from around the world An essential guide for practicing scientists and anyone concerned about fostering research integrity

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240056107

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Global guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences by Anonim Pdf

The framework aims to provide global perspectives on principles, tools and mechanisms to support Member States and relevant stakeholders to mitigate and prevent biorisks and govern dual-use research. The framework adopts the One health approach and focuses on the role that responsible life sciences research can play in preventing and mitigating risks caused by accidents, inadvertent or deliberate misuse with the intention to cause harm to humans, nonhuman animals, plants and agriculture, and the environment. The framework is primarily intended for those who have responsibilities in the governance of biorisks, such as policy makers and regulators in charge of developing national policies to harness the potential benefits of the life sciences while constraining their risks. The framework is also directed towards scientists and research institutions, educators, trainers, project management staff, funding bodies, publishers, editors, the private sector and all relevant stakeholders that are part of the research life cycle. The governance of biorisks is an issue that should engage all countries, although countries will have different contexts, needs and starting points. Mitigating these risks will require individual and collective actions among different stakeholders and disciplines. Mitigating biorisks and governing dual-use research is a shared responsibility.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309458917

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management Pdf

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

Author : Brian Rappert
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781921666391

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Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences by Brian Rappert Pdf

At the start of the twenty-first century, warnings have been raised in some quarters about how - by intent or by mishap - advances in biotechnology and related fields could aid the spread of disease. Science academics, medical organisations, governments, security analysts, and others are among those that have sought to raise concern. EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES examines a variety of attempts to bring greater awareness to security concerns associated with the life sciences. It identifies lessons from practical initiatives across a wide range of national contexts as well as more general reflections about education and ethics. The eighteen contributors bring together perspectives from a diverse range of fields - including politics, virology, sociology, ethics, security studies, microbiology, and medicine - as well as their experiences in universities, think tanks and government. In offering their assessment about what must be done and by whom, each chapter addresses a host of challenging practical and conceptual questions. EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES will be of interest to those planning and undertaking training activities in other areas. In asking how education and ethics are being made to matter in an emerging area of social unease, it will also be of interest to those with more general concerns about professional conduct.